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  • [Solved] SOAP Note

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    – 2 years ago **files (2)** – ## SOAPnote4.docx – ## SOAPTemplateandRubric_Updated.docx **## SOAPnote4.docx** **Please follow APA format, add citations and references. Document will be verified for plagiarism and AI use. Thank you!** **Directions:** Read over the SOAP note and formulate a primary d…

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    Assignment Prompt & Instructions

    – 2 years ago

    **files (2)**

    – ## SOAPnote4.docx

    – ## SOAPTemplateandRubric_Updated.docx

    **## SOAPnote4.docx**

    **Please follow APA format, add citations and references. Document will be verified for plagiarism and AI use. Thank you!**

    **Directions:** Read over the SOAP note and formulate a primary diagnosis.  Based on the diagnosis complete the SOAP note with the details that would be expected for the diagnosis. Use UptoDate and/or Dyna MedPlus to find out what is expected from the history and physical, diagnostic workup and management for the diagnosis. Include other peer review resources and and journal articles to support the development of your SOAP note. Complete and attach the evaluation & management score sheet to show how you coded the note for billing in each section.

    · Upload a copy of your completed SOAP note.

    · Upload a copy of the evaluation & management score sheet.

    **Case Study:** A 45-year-old white man presents to your office complaining of left knee pain that started last night. He says that the pain started suddenly after dinner and was severe within a span of 3 hours. He denies any trauma, fever, systemic symptoms, or prior similar episodes. He has a history of hypertension for which he takes hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ). He admits to consuming a great amount of wine last night with dinner .On examination, his temperature is 98°F, his pulse is 90 beats/min, his respirations are 22 breaths/min, and his blood pressure is 129/88 mm Hg. Heart and lung examinations are unremarkable. The patient is reluctant to flex the left knee, wincing in pain at touch, and has passive range of motion. The knee is edematous, hot to touch, and has erythema of the overlying skin. No crepitation or deformity is apparent. No other joints are involved. Inguinal lymph nodes are not enlarged. Complete blood count (CBC) reveals a white blood cell count of 10,900 cells/mm3 and is otherwise normal.

    **## SOAPTemplateandRubric_Updated.docx**

    **SOAP NOTE GRADING RUBRIC**

    **Guidelines:**

    ## 1-Use the case study in the description to complete the assignment. Fill in the missing details for each required section that would be expected for the diagnosis.

    ## | | | | — | — | | | | | **SUBJECTIVE Analysis (0.2 POINT)** | **Score received** | | 1-Subjective section should include:<br>a-Chief complaint (CC)<br>b-History of present illness (HPI)- All 7 attributes (location, quality, quantity or severity, timing including onset, frequency, and duration, setting in which it occurs, aggravating or relieving factors, and associated symptoms)<br>c-Past history (Medical, Surgical, Obstetric/Gynecology, Psychiatric)<br>d-family history (3 generation pedigree of first-degree relatives, i.e. parents, siblings, children)<br>e. Personal and social history (i.e. sexual history 5p’s)<br>f. Review of systems (ROS, pertinent positives and/or negatives)<br>g. Developmentally appropriate-i.e. developmental history if peds, functional assessment and/or dementia screen if elderly<br>a-Identified and collected the necessary data <br>b-Categorized and organized data using the appropriate format<br>c-Incorporated all pertinent data/facts<br>d- Used proper documentation and proper billing code<br>e- PATIENT’S CULTURE MUST BE NOTED | | | **OBJECTIVE (0.2POINT)** | **Score received** | | 1-Objective section should include:<br>a. General survey<br>b. Vital Signs (including BMI and growth chart if applicable)<br>c. All other necessary body systems<br>d. Diagnostic test if available<br>a. Identified and collected the necessary data <br>b. Categorized and organized data using the appropriate format <br>c.Incorporated all pertinent data/facts <br>d. Used proper documentation and billing code | | | **ASSESSMENT (0.2 POINT)** | **Score received** | | 1- Identified correct diagnosis, ICD-10 code, and correct differential diagnosis<br>a-Filtered relevant data from irrelevant data <br>b.-Interpreted relationships/patterns among data <br>(e.g., noted trends)<br>c.Integrated information to arrive at diagnosis<br>d.Identified risk factors<br>d. Used proper documentation | | | **PLAN Analysis (0.2 POINT)** | **Score received** | | a-Recommended an appropriate plan for each problem<br>b-Included recommendations for non-drug and drug therapy<br>c-Included recommendations for monitoring <br>d- Included health education<br>e- Included followup & referrals <br>f- include cultural considerations of patient care<br>Incorporate the patient's culture on the demographic section on SOAP notes. | | | **FORMAT (0.2 POINT)** | **Score received** | | 1- APA<br>2- References Current (at least two references, one of which needs to be up to date and the other a clinical practice guideline from a peer reviewed journal article or national organization such as AAFP, ACOG, USPSTF)<br>3- Writing clear, concise | | | **TOTAL: /1** | | **SOAP FORMAT & RUBRIC** **Initials of Patient:** **Patient Age:** **Patient Ethnicity:** **Initials of Provider:** **Clinical Setting:** **Patient Status: ____New ____Established** **SUBJECTIVE DATA; GRADE RECEIVED: _____** **Overall Instructions:** 1. **Identified and collected the necessary data** 2. **Categorized and organized data using the appropriate format** 3. **Incorporated all pertinent data/facts** 4. **Used proper documentation** 5. **LIST at the end of your subjective section the billing level : Problem Focused, Expanded problem focused, detailed, comprehensive (use guidelines for new vs. established patient** 6. **Identify cultural influences on care** **FORMAT** **Chief Complaint:** **History of Present Illness:** **Location** **Quality** **Quantity or Severity** **Timing (Onset, Duration, Frequency)** **Setting** **Aggravating and relieving Factors** **Associated Symptoms** · **Pertinent Positives and Negatives if it relates to the differential diagnosis of the chief compliant** **Past history (include dates):** **PMH** · **(Chronic illness (date of onset), hospitalizations (dates), number and gender of sexual partners, risky sexual practices)** · **Medications: Dose, route, frequency** · **Allergies: Medications, Foods, Other Allergens** **PSH** · **(Dates, indications, and types of operations)** **Past Psychiatric Hx** · **(Illness and timeframe, diagnosis, hospitalizations and treatments)** **Obstetrical/Gynecological (obstetric history, menstrual history,** **Contraceptive history, and sexual history)** **Obstetrical History** · **(Gravida-Para-TPAL)** **Menstrual History** · **(Menarche, LMP, PMP, regular/irregular, frequency, duration, quality of flow, Menopause, Post-menopausal bleeding, HRT)** **Contraceptive History** · **The types of contraceptive being used, the dates of unprotected sex)** **Sexual History** · **(Five P’s: Partners, Practices, Prevention of Pregnancy, Protection from STI’s, and history of STI’s)** **Pregnancy and Birth History** · **Maternal health: Gestational or chronic illness (i.e., gestational diabetes, preeclampsia) complications during pregnancy, infections, drugs, alcohol, illicit drug use, and medications.** · **Gestational age at delivery** · **Labor and delivery length: Length of labor, fetal distress, type of delivery (vaginal or cesarean)** · **Neonatal period: Apgar scores, need for intensive care, jaundice, birth injuries, length of stay, birth weight.** **Developmental History** · **Age at which milestones were achieved and developmental abilities** · **School- present grade, specific problems, interaction with peers** · **Behavior – enuresis, temper tantrums, thumb sucking, pica, nightmares** **Feeding History** · **Breast or bottle fed, types of formula, frequency and amount, reasons for any changes in formula** · **Solids – when introduced, problems created by specific types** · **Fluoride use** **Health Promotion/Maintenance** · **Immunizations, Eye exams, dental exams, lead screening, lipid,** **Hemoglobin. Colonoscopy, Annual Physical, Mammography,** **PAP, Functional Status: ADLs and IADLs** **Family History: Alive, Deceased, Age, Diseases, Health Conditions that place patient at risk (ages)** **Grandparents** **Parents** **Siblings** **Children** **Social History:** **Cultural Background** **Spiritual History/Religious Affiliation and Practices** **Complementary/Alternative Care Practices:** **Activities of Daily Living/Hobbies/Interests** **Type of Family (Nuclear, Extended etc.)** **Occupation of parents** **Work History** **Financial History** **Diet** **Exercise** **Use of alcohol, smoking, or recreational drugs** **Living Arrangements and conditions- school/daycare** **Travel History** **Social Support** **Review of Systems:** **Constitutional:** **Head/face:** **Eyes:** **Ears:** **Nose:** **Mouth/Throat/ Neck:** **Respiratory:** **Cardiac:** **Breast:** **GI:** **GU:** **GYN (female):** **Reproductive (Male):** **Musculoskeletal:** **Skin/Integument:** **Psychiatric:** **Neuro:** **Endocrine:** **Hematologic/Lymphatic:** **Allergic/Immunologic:** **Determine Which LEVEL of HISTORY (Choose one):** **Focused HPI (1-3 findings); ROS N.A; PFSH N.A** **Expanded HPI (1-3 Findings); ROS 1 or more; PFSH N.A.** **Detailed HPI (4 or more findings); ROS 2-9 systems; PFSH one** **Comprehensive HPI (4 or more findings or status of 3 or more chronic stable conditions; ROS 10-14; PFSH 2-3 areas** **OBJECTIVE DATA; Grade received_____** **Overall Instructions:** 1. **Identified and collected the necessary data** 2. **Categorized and organized data using the appropriate format** 3. **Incorporated all pertinent data/facts** 4. **Used proper documentation** 5. **LIST at the end of your subjective section the billing level : Problem Focused, Expanded problem focused, detailed, comprehensive (use guidelines for new vs. established patient** **FORMAT:** **Vital Signs:** **Oxygen Saturation:** **Ht and percentile on growth chart:** **Wt and percentile on growth chart:** **BMI (if applicable):** **Constitutional:** **General:** **Physical Examination:** **Head/face:** **Eyes:** **Ears:** **Nose:** **Mouth/Throat/ Neck:** **Respiratory:** **Cardiac:** **Breast:** **GI:** **GU:** **GYN (female):** **Reproductive (Male):** **Musculoskeletal:** **Skin/Integument:** **Psychiatric:** **Neuro:** **Hematologic/Lymphatic/Immunologic:** **Determine Billing LEVEL OF PHYSICAL OBJECTIVE EXAM (choose one):** **Focused: 1 body area or organ system (1-5 elements);** **Expanded problem focused (2-4 body are or organ system (6-11 elements);** **Detailed (5-7 see notes);** **Comprehensive (8 organ systems see notes);** **Laboratory Data Already Ordered and Available for Review (If not done will go in plan):** **Diagnostic Procedures/Data Already Ordered and Available for Review (If not done will go in plan):** **ASSESSMENT; GRADE RECEIVED____** 1) **Main Diagnosis/Problem:** 2) **Additional Health Problem/Dx:** 3) **Differential Diagnoses for top diagnoses** 4) **Identify Risk Factors** **PLAN; GRADE RECEIVED________** **For Each Diagnosis or Health Problem Identified as Appropriate:** **Additional Laboratory Tests or Diagnostic Data Needed** **Pharmacologic Management:** **Drug, dose, route, frequency, Disp amount** **SIG (write like a prescription)** **Non-Pharmacologic Management: i.e. hot packs, ice, position changes, TENS unit etc.** **Complementary Therapies:** **Anticipatory Guidance:** **Health Education:** **Referrals:** **Follow-up Appointment:** **For the Encounter Final Level of Decision Making: (give rationale for level which is based on Hx, physical, Decision making); Choose one** **Straightforward:** **Low Complexity:** **Moderate Complexity:** **High Complexity:** **Billing Level: Give the reason for the Billing by E and M Evaluation Coding as per Number of Systems Reviewed and Level of Physical Exam.** Patient Status: New or established Level of history Level of physical (exam) Level of Medical decision making For new pick the lowest of the 3 levels For established: drop the lowest level then pick 2nd lowest level **ANALYSIS** Write 1-2 paragraph summary listing the subjective and objective data that supports your main diagnosis. Write 1-2 paragraph summary discussing the plan for the main diagnosis. **GENERAL FORMAT REQUIREMENTS:** **References:** 1. **Analysis must have support from the literature with references within the last 5 years and/or use of clinical evidence-based guidelines. There should be sufficient number of references which are up to date preferably primary sources, research, clinical guidelines etc.** 2. **Use of APA style of references in reference list** **Writing Style:** 1. **Writing should be clear and concise with appropriate use of medical terminology.** 2. **Sections identifying subjective data, objective data, assessment, and plan are written in brief short phrases; not full sentences. No need to use the word “patient.”** 3. **Demonstrate** **your clinical judgment and decision making and the evidence you are using to support your identification of the diagnoses, health problem, or differential diagnoses and management plan.**

    **## SOAPTemplateandRubric_Updated.docx**

    **SOAP NOTE GRADING RUBRIC**

    **Guidelines:**

    ## 1-Use the case study in the description to complete the assignment. Fill in the missing details for each required section that would be expected for the diagnosis.

    ## | | | | — | — | | | | | **SUBJECTIVE Analysis (0.2 POINT)** | **Score received** | | 1-Subjective section should include:<br>a-Chief complaint (CC)<br>b-History of present illness (HPI)- All 7 attributes (location, quality, quantity or severity, timing including onset, frequency, and duration, setting in which it occurs, aggravating or relieving factors, and associated symptoms)<br>c-Past history (Medical, Surgical, Obstetric/Gynecology, Psychiatric)<br>d-family history (3 generation pedigree of first-degree relatives, i.e. parents, siblings, children)<br>e. Personal and social history (i.e. sexual history 5p’s)<br>f. Review of systems (ROS, pertinent positives and/or negatives)<br>g. Developmentally appropriate-i.e. developmental history if peds, functional assessment and/or dementia screen if elderly<br>a-Identified and collected the necessary data <br>b-Categorized and organized data using the appropriate format<br>c-Incorporated all pertinent data/facts<br>d- Used proper documentation and proper billing code<br>e- PATIENT’S CULTURE MUST BE NOTED | | | **OBJECTIVE (0.2POINT)** | **Score received** | | 1-Objective section should include:<br>a. General survey<br>b. Vital Signs (including BMI and growth chart if applicable)<br>c. All other necessary body systems<br>d. Diagnostic test if available<br>a. Identified and collected the necessary data <br>b. Categorized and organized data using the appropriate format <br>c.Incorporated all pertinent data/facts <br>d. Used proper documentation and billing code | | | **ASSESSMENT (0.2 POINT)** | **Score received** | | 1- Identified correct diagnosis, ICD-10 code, and correct differential diagnosis<br>a-Filtered relevant data from irrelevant data <br>b.-Interpreted relationships/patterns among data <br>(e.g., noted trends)<br>c.Integrated information to arrive at diagnosis<br>d.Identified risk factors<br>d. Used proper documentation | | | **PLAN Analysis (0.2 POINT)** | **Score received** | | a-Recommended an appropriate plan for each problem<br>b-Included recommendations for non-drug and drug therapy<br>c-Included recommendations for monitoring <br>d- Included health education<br>e- Included followup & referrals <br>f- include cultural considerations of patient care<br>Incorporate the patient's culture on the demographic section on SOAP notes. | | | **FORMAT (0.2 POINT)** | **Score received** | | 1- APA<br>2- References Current (at least two references, one of which needs to be up to date and the other a clinical practice guideline from a peer reviewed journal article or national organization such as AAFP, ACOG, USPSTF)<br>3- Writing clear, concise | | | **TOTAL: /1** | | **SOAP FORMAT & RUBRIC** **Initials of Patient:** **Patient Age:** **Patient Ethnicity:** **Initials of Provider:** **Clinical Setting:** **Patient Status: ____New ____Established** **SUBJECTIVE DATA; GRADE RECEIVED: _____** **Overall Instructions:** 1. **Identified and collected the necessary data** 2. **Categorized and organized data using the appropriate format** 3. **Incorporated all pertinent data/facts** 4. **Used proper documentation** 5. **LIST at the end of your subjective section the billing level : Problem Focused, Expanded problem focused, detailed, comprehensive (use guidelines for new vs. established patient** 6. **Identify cultural influences on care** **FORMAT** **Chief Complaint:** **History of Present Illness:** **Location** **Quality** **Quantity or Severity** **Timing (Onset, Duration, Frequency)** **Setting** **Aggravating and relieving Factors** **Associated Symptoms** · **Pertinent Positives and Negatives if it relates to the differential diagnosis of the chief compliant** **Past history (include dates):** **PMH** · **(Chronic illness (date of onset), hospitalizations (dates), number and gender of sexual partners, risky sexual practices)** · **Medications: Dose, route, frequency** · **Allergies: Medications, Foods, Other Allergens** **PSH** · **(Dates, indications, and types of operations)** **Past Psychiatric Hx** · **(Illness and timeframe, diagnosis, hospitalizations and treatments)** **Obstetrical/Gynecological (obstetric history, menstrual history,** **Contraceptive history, and sexual history)** **Obstetrical History** · **(Gravida-Para-TPAL)** **Menstrual History** · **(Menarche, LMP, PMP, regular/irregular, frequency, duration, quality of flow, Menopause, Post-menopausal bleeding, HRT)** **Contraceptive History** · **The types of contraceptive being used, the dates of unprotected sex)** **Sexual History** · **(Five P’s: Partners, Practices, Prevention of Pregnancy, Protection from STI’s, and history of STI’s)** **Pregnancy and Birth History** · **Maternal health: Gestational or chronic illness (i.e., gestational diabetes, preeclampsia) complications during pregnancy, infections, drugs, alcohol, illicit drug use, and medications.** · **Gestational age at delivery** · **Labor and delivery length: Length of labor, fetal distress, type of delivery (vaginal or cesarean)** · **Neonatal period: Apgar scores, need for intensive care, jaundice, birth injuries, length of stay, birth weight.** **Developmental History** · **Age at which milestones were achieved and developmental abilities** · **School- present grade, specific problems, interaction with peers** · **Behavior – enuresis, temper tantrums, thumb sucking, pica, nightmares** **Feeding History** · **Breast or bottle fed, types of formula, frequency and amount, reasons for any changes in formula** · **Solids – when introduced, problems created by specific types** · **Fluoride use** **Health Promotion/Maintenance** · **Immunizations, Eye exams, dental exams, lead screening, lipid,** **Hemoglobin. Colonoscopy, Annual Physical, Mammography,** **PAP, Functional Status: ADLs and IADLs** **Family History: Alive, Deceased, Age, Diseases, Health Conditions that place patient at risk (ages)** **Grandparents** **Parents** **Siblings** **Children** **Social History:** **Cultural Background** **Spiritual History/Religious Affiliation and Practices** **Complementary/Alternative Care Practices:** **Activities of Daily Living/Hobbies/Interests** **Type of Family (Nuclear, Extended etc.)** **Occupation of parents** **Work History** **Financial History** **Diet** **Exercise** **Use of alcohol, smoking, or recreational drugs** **Living Arrangements and conditions- school/daycare** **Travel History** **Social Support** **Review of Systems:** **Constitutional:** **Head/face:** **Eyes:** **Ears:** **Nose:** **Mouth/Throat/ Neck:** **Respiratory:** **Cardiac:** **Breast:** **GI:** **GU:** **GYN (female):** **Reproductive (Male):** **Musculoskeletal:** **Skin/Integument:** **Psychiatric:** **Neuro:** **Endocrine:** **Hematologic/Lymphatic:** **Allergic/Immunologic:** **Determine Which LEVEL of HISTORY (Choose one):** **Focused HPI (1-3 findings); ROS N.A; PFSH N.A** **Expanded HPI (1-3 Findings); ROS 1 or more; PFSH N.A.** **Detailed HPI (4 or more findings); ROS 2-9 systems; PFSH one** **Comprehensive HPI (4 or more findings or status of 3 or more chronic stable conditions; ROS 10-14; PFSH 2-3 areas** **OBJECTIVE DATA; Grade received_____** **Overall Instructions:** 1. **Identified and collected the necessary data** 2. **Categorized and organized data using the appropriate format** 3. **Incorporated all pertinent data/facts** 4. **Used proper documentation** 5. **LIST at the end of your subjective section the billing level : Problem Focused, Expanded problem focused, detailed, comprehensive (use guidelines for new vs. established patient** **FORMAT:** **Vital Signs:** **Oxygen Saturation:** **Ht and percentile on growth chart:** **Wt and percentile on growth chart:** **BMI (if applicable):** **Constitutional:** **General:** **Physical Examination:** **Head/face:** **Eyes:** **Ears:** **Nose:** **Mouth/Throat/ Neck:** **Respiratory:** **Cardiac:** **Breast:** **GI:** **GU:** **GYN (female):** **Reproductive (Male):** **Musculoskeletal:** **Skin/Integument:** **Psychiatric:** **Neuro:** **Hematologic/Lymphatic/Immunologic:** **Determine Billing LEVEL OF PHYSICAL OBJECTIVE EXAM (choose one):** **Focused: 1 body area or organ system (1-5 elements);** **Expanded problem focused (2-4 body are or organ system (6-11 elements);** **Detailed (5-7 see notes);** **Comprehensive (8 organ systems see notes);** **Laboratory Data Already Ordered and Available for Review (If not done will go in plan):** **Diagnostic Procedures/Data Already Ordered and Available for Review (If not done will go in plan):** **ASSESSMENT; GRADE RECEIVED____** 1) **Main Diagnosis/Problem:** 2) **Additional Health Problem/Dx:** 3) **Differential Diagnoses for top diagnoses** 4) **Identify Risk Factors** **PLAN; GRADE RECEIVED________** **For Each Diagnosis or Health Problem Identified as Appropriate:** **Additional Laboratory Tests or Diagnostic Data Needed** **Pharmacologic Management:** **Drug, dose, route, frequency, Disp amount** **SIG (write like a prescription)** **Non-Pharmacologic Management: i.e. hot packs, ice, position changes, TENS unit etc.** **Complementary Therapies:** **Anticipatory Guidance:** **Health Education:** **Referrals:** **Follow-up Appointment:** **For the Encounter Final Level of Decision Making: (give rationale for level which is based on Hx, physical, Decision making); Choose one** **Straightforward:** **Low Complexity:** **Moderate Complexity:** **High Complexity:** **Billing Level: Give the reason for the Billing by E and M Evaluation Coding as per Number of Systems Reviewed and Level of Physical Exam.** Patient Status: New or established Level of history Level of physical (exam) Level of Medical decision making For new pick the lowest of the 3 levels For established: drop the lowest level then pick 2nd lowest level **ANALYSIS** Write 1-2 paragraph summary listing the subjective and objective data that supports your main diagnosis. Write 1-2 paragraph summary discussing the plan for the main diagnosis. **GENERAL FORMAT REQUIREMENTS:** **References:** 1. **Analysis must have support from the literature with references within the last 5 years and/or use of clinical evidence-based guidelines. There should be sufficient number of references which are up to date preferably primary sources, research, clinical guidelines etc.** 2. **Use of APA style of references in reference list** **Writing Style:** 1. **Writing should be clear and concise with appropriate use of medical terminology.** 2. **Sections identifying subjective data, objective data, assessment, and plan are written in brief short phrases; not full sentences. No need to use the word “patient.”** 3. **Demonstrate** **your clinical judgment and decision making and the evidence you are using to support your identification of the diagnoses, health problem, or differential diagnoses and management plan.**

    **## SOAPnote4.docx**

    **Please follow APA format, add citations and references. Document will be verified for plagiarism and AI use. Thank you!**

    **Directions:** Read over the SOAP note and formulate a primary diagnosis.  Based on the diagnosis complete the SOAP note with the details that would be expected for the diagnosis. Use UptoDate and/or Dyna MedPlus to find out what is expected from the history and physical, diagnostic workup and management for the diagnosis. Include other peer review resources and and journal articles to support the development of your SOAP note. Complete and attach the evaluation & management score sheet to show how you coded the note for billing in each section.

    · Upload a copy of your completed SOAP note.

    · Upload a copy of the evaluation & management score sheet.

    **Case Study:** A 45-year-old white man presents to your office complaining of left knee pain that started last night. He says that the pain started suddenly after dinner and was severe within a span of 3 hours. He denies any trauma, fever, systemic symptoms, or prior similar episodes. He has a history of hypertension for which he takes hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ). He admits to consuming a great amount of wine last night with dinner .On examination, his temperature is 98°F, his pulse is 90 beats/min, his respirations are 22 breaths/min, and his blood pressure is 129/88 mm Hg. Heart and lung examinations are unremarkable. The patient is reluctant to flex the left knee, wincing in pain at touch, and has passive range of motion. The knee is edematous, hot to touch, and has erythema of the overlying skin. No crepitation or deformity is apparent. No other joints are involved. Inguinal lymph nodes are not enlarged. Complete blood count (CBC) reveals a white blood cell count of 10,900 cells/mm3 and is otherwise normal.

    **## SOAPTemplateandRubric_Updated.docx**

    **SOAP NOTE GRADING RUBRIC**

    **Guidelines:**

    ## 1-Use the case study in the description to complete the assignment. Fill in the missing details for each required section that would be expected for the diagnosis.

    ## | | | | — | — | | | | | **SUBJECTIVE Analysis (0.2 POINT)** | **Score received** | | 1-Subjective section should include:<br>a-Chief complaint (CC)<br>b-History of present illness (HPI)- All 7 attributes (location, quality, quantity or severity, timing including onset, frequency, and duration, setting in which it occurs, aggravating or relieving factors, and associated symptoms)<br>c-Past history (Medical, Surgical, Obstetric/Gynecology, Psychiatric)<br>d-family history (3 generation pedigree of first-degree relatives, i.e. parents, siblings, children)<br>e. Personal and social history (i.e. sexual history 5p’s)<br>f. Review of systems (ROS, pertinent positives and/or negatives)<br>g. Developmentally appropriate-i.e. developmental history if peds, functional assessment and/or dementia screen if elderly<br>a-Identified and collected the necessary data <br>b-Categorized and organized data using the appropriate format<br>c-Incorporated all pertinent data/facts<br>d- Used proper documentation and proper billing code<br>e- PATIENT’S CULTURE MUST BE NOTED | | | **OBJECTIVE (0.2POINT)** | **Score received** | | 1-Objective section should include:<br>a. General survey<br>b. Vital Signs (including BMI and growth chart if applicable)<br>c. All other necessary body systems<br>d. Diagnostic test if available<br>a. Identified and collected the necessary data <br>b. Categorized and organized data using the appropriate format <br>c.Incorporated all pertinent data/facts <br>d. Used proper documentation and billing code | | | **ASSESSMENT (0.2 POINT)** | **Score received** | | 1- Identified correct diagnosis, ICD-10 code, and correct differential diagnosis<br>a-Filtered relevant data from irrelevant data <br>b.-Interpreted relationships/patterns among data <br>(e.g., noted trends)<br>c.Integrated information to arrive at diagnosis<br>d.Identified risk factors<br>d. Used proper documentation | | | **PLAN Analysis (0.2 POINT)** | **Score received** | | a-Recommended an appropriate plan for each problem<br>b-Included recommendations for non-drug and drug therapy<br>c-Included recommendations for monitoring <br>d- Included health education<br>e- Included followup & referrals <br>f- include cultural considerations of patient care<br>Incorporate the patient's culture on the demographic section on SOAP notes. | | | **FORMAT (0.2 POINT)** | **Score received** | | 1- APA<br>2- References Current (at least two references, one of which needs to be up to date and the other a clinical practice guideline from a peer reviewed journal article or national organization such as AAFP, ACOG, USPSTF)<br>3- Writing clear, concise | | | **TOTAL: /1** | | **SOAP FORMAT & RUBRIC** **Initials of Patient:** **Patient Age:** **Patient Ethnicity:** **Initials of Provider:** **Clinical Setting:** **Patient Status: ____New ____Established** **SUBJECTIVE DATA; GRADE RECEIVED: _____** **Overall Instructions:** 1. **Identified and collected the necessary data** 2. **Categorized and organized data using the appropriate format** 3. **Incorporated all pertinent data/facts** 4. **Used proper documentation** 5. **LIST at the end of your subjective section the billing level : Problem Focused, Expanded problem focused, detailed, comprehensive (use guidelines for new vs. established patient** 6. **Identify cultural influences on care** **FORMAT** **Chief Complaint:** **History of Present Illness:** **Location** **Quality** **Quantity or Severity** **Timing (Onset, Duration, Frequency)** **Setting** **Aggravating and relieving Factors** **Associated Symptoms** · **Pertinent Positives and Negatives if it relates to the differential diagnosis of the chief compliant** **Past history (include dates):** **PMH** · **(Chronic illness (date of onset), hospitalizations (dates), number and gender of sexual partners, risky sexual practices)** · **Medications: Dose, route, frequency** · **Allergies: Medications, Foods, Other Allergens** **PSH** · **(Dates, indications, and types of operations)** **Past Psychiatric Hx** · **(Illness and timeframe, diagnosis, hospitalizations and treatments)** **Obstetrical/Gynecological (obstetric history, menstrual history,** **Contraceptive history, and sexual history)** **Obstetrical History** · **(Gravida-Para-TPAL)** **Menstrual History** · **(Menarche, LMP, PMP, regular/irregular, frequency, duration, quality of flow, Menopause, Post-menopausal bleeding, HRT)** **Contraceptive History** · **The types of contraceptive being used, the dates of unprotected sex)** **Sexual History** · **(Five P’s: Partners, Practices, Prevention of Pregnancy, Protection from STI’s, and history of STI’s)** **Pregnancy and Birth History** · **Maternal health: Gestational or chronic illness (i.e., gestational diabetes, preeclampsia) complications during pregnancy, infections, drugs, alcohol, illicit drug use, and medications.** · **Gestational age at delivery** · **Labor and delivery length: Length of labor, fetal distress, type of delivery (vaginal or cesarean)** · **Neonatal period: Apgar scores, need for intensive care, jaundice, birth injuries, length of stay, birth weight.** **Developmental History** · **Age at which milestones were achieved and developmental abilities** · **School- present grade, specific problems, interaction with peers** · **Behavior – enuresis, temper tantrums, thumb sucking, pica, nightmares** **Feeding History** · **Breast or bottle fed, types of formula, frequency and amount, reasons for any changes in formula** · **Solids – when introduced, problems created by specific types** · **Fluoride use** **Health Promotion/Maintenance** · **Immunizations, Eye exams, dental exams, lead screening, lipid,** **Hemoglobin. Colonoscopy, Annual Physical, Mammography,** **PAP, Functional Status: ADLs and IADLs** **Family History: Alive, Deceased, Age, Diseases, Health Conditions that place patient at risk (ages)** **Grandparents** **Parents** **Siblings** **Children** **Social History:** **Cultural Background** **Spiritual History/Religious Affiliation and Practices** **Complementary/Alternative Care Practices:** **Activities of Daily Living/Hobbies/Interests** **Type of Family (Nuclear, Extended etc.)** **Occupation of parents** **Work History** **Financial History** **Diet** **Exercise** **Use of alcohol, smoking, or recreational drugs** **Living Arrangements and conditions- school/daycare** **Travel History** **Social Support** **Review of Systems:** **Constitutional:** **Head/face:** **Eyes:** **Ears:** **Nose:** **Mouth/Throat/ Neck:** **Respiratory:** **Cardiac:** **Breast:** **GI:** **GU:** **GYN (female):** **Reproductive (Male):** **Musculoskeletal:** **Skin/Integument:** **Psychiatric:** **Neuro:** **Endocrine:** **Hematologic/Lymphatic:** **Allergic/Immunologic:** **Determine Which LEVEL of HISTORY (Choose one):** **Focused HPI (1-3 findings); ROS N.A; PFSH N.A** **Expanded HPI (1-3 Findings); ROS 1 or more; PFSH N.A.** **Detailed HPI (4 or more findings); ROS 2-9 systems; PFSH one** **Comprehensive HPI (4 or more findings or status of 3 or more chronic stable conditions; ROS 10-14; PFSH 2-3 areas** **OBJECTIVE DATA; Grade received_____** **Overall Instructions:** 1. **Identified and collected the necessary data** 2. **Categorized and organized data using the appropriate format** 3. **Incorporated all pertinent data/facts** 4. **Used proper documentation** 5. **LIST at the end of your subjective section the billing level : Problem Focused, Expanded problem focused, detailed, comprehensive (use guidelines for new vs. established patient** **FORMAT:** **Vital Signs:** **Oxygen Saturation:** **Ht and percentile on growth chart:** **Wt and percentile on growth chart:** **BMI (if applicable):** **Constitutional:** **General:** **Physical Examination:** **Head/face:** **Eyes:** **Ears:** **Nose:** **Mouth/Throat/ Neck:** **Respiratory:** **Cardiac:** **Breast:** **GI:** **GU:** **GYN (female):** **Reproductive (Male):** **Musculoskeletal:** **Skin/Integument:** **Psychiatric:** **Neuro:** **Hematologic/Lymphatic/Immunologic:** **Determine Billing LEVEL OF PHYSICAL OBJECTIVE EXAM (choose one):** **Focused: 1 body area or organ system (1-5 elements);** **Expanded problem focused (2-4 body are or organ system (6-11 elements);** **Detailed (5-7 see notes);** **Comprehensive (8 organ systems see notes);** **Laboratory Data Already Ordered and Available for Review (If not done will go in plan):** **Diagnostic Procedures/Data Already Ordered and Available for Review (If not done will go in plan):** **ASSESSMENT; GRADE RECEIVED____** 1) **Main Diagnosis/Problem:** 2) **Additional Health Problem/Dx:** 3) **Differential Diagnoses for top diagnoses** 4) **Identify Risk Factors** **PLAN; GRADE RECEIVED________** **For Each Diagnosis or Health Problem Identified as Appropriate:** **Additional Laboratory Tests or Diagnostic Data Needed** **Pharmacologic Management:** **Drug, dose, route, frequency, Disp amount** **SIG (write like a prescription)** **Non-Pharmacologic Management: i.e. hot packs, ice, position changes, TENS unit etc.** **Complementary Therapies:** **Anticipatory Guidance:** **Health Education:** **Referrals:** **Follow-up Appointment:** **For the Encounter Final Level of Decision Making: (give rationale for level which is based on Hx, physical, Decision making); Choose one** **Straightforward:** **Low Complexity:** **Moderate Complexity:** **High Complexity:** **Billing Level: Give the reason for the Billing by E and M Evaluation Coding as per Number of Systems Reviewed and Level of Physical Exam.** Patient Status: New or established Level of history Level of physical (exam) Level of Medical decision making For new pick the lowest of the 3 levels For established: drop the lowest level then pick 2nd lowest level **ANALYSIS** Write 1-2 paragraph summary listing the subjective and objective data that supports your main diagnosis. Write 1-2 paragraph summary discussing the plan for the main diagnosis. **GENERAL FORMAT REQUIREMENTS:** **References:** 1. **Analysis must have support from the literature with references within the last 5 years and/or use of clinical evidence-based guidelines. There should be sufficient number of references which are up to date preferably primary sources, research, clinical guidelines etc.** 2. **Use of APA style of references in reference list** **Writing Style:** 1. **Writing should be clear and concise with appropriate use of medical terminology.** 2. **Sections identifying subjective data, objective data, assessment, and plan are written in brief short phrases; not full sentences. No need to use the word “patient.”** 3. **Demonstrate** **your clinical judgment and decision making and the evidence you are using to support your identification of the diagnoses, health problem, or differential diagnoses and management plan.**

    **## SOAPnote4.docx**

    **Please follow APA format, add citations and references. Document will be verified for plagiarism and AI use. Thank you!**

    **Directions:** Read over the SOAP note and formulate a primary diagnosis.  Based on the diagnosis complete the SOAP note with the details that would be expected for the diagnosis. Use UptoDate and/or Dyna MedPlus to find out what is expected from the history and physical, diagnostic workup and management for the diagnosis. Include other peer review resources and and journal articles to support the development of your SOAP note. Complete and attach the evaluation & management score sheet to show how you coded the note for billing in each section.

    · Upload a copy of your completed SOAP note.

    · Upload a copy of the evaluation & management score sheet.

    **Case Study:** A 45-year-old white man presents to your office complaining of left knee pain that started last night. He says that the pain started suddenly after dinner and was severe within a span of 3 hours. He denies any trauma, fever, systemic symptoms, or prior similar episodes. He has a history of hypertension for which he takes hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ). He admits to consuming a great amount of wine last night with dinner .On examination, his temperature is 98°F, his pulse is 90 beats/min, his respirations are 22 breaths/min, and his blood pressure is 129/88 mm Hg. Heart and lung examinations are unremarkable. The patient is reluctant to flex the left knee, wincing in pain at touch, and has passive range of motion. The knee is edematous, hot to touch, and has erythema of the overlying skin. No crepitation or deformity is apparent. No other joints are involved. Inguinal lymph nodes are not enlarged. Complete blood count (CBC) reveals a white blood cell count of 10,900 cells/mm3 and is otherwise normal.

    **## SOAPTemplateandRubric_Updated.docx**

    **SOAP NOTE GRADING RUBRIC**

    **Guidelines:**

    ## 1-Use the case study in the description to complete the assignment. Fill in the missing details for each required section that would be expected for the diagnosis.

    ## | | | | — | — | | | | | **SUBJECTIVE Analysis (0.2 POINT)** | **Score received** | | 1-Subjective section should include:<br>a-Chief complaint (CC)<br>b-History of present illness (HPI)- All 7 attributes (location, quality, quantity or severity, timing including onset, frequency, and duration, setting in which it occurs, aggravating or relieving factors, and associated symptoms)<br>c-Past history (Medical, Surgical, Obstetric/Gynecology, Psychiatric)<br>d-family history (3 generation pedigree of first-degree relatives, i.e. parents, siblings, children)<br>e. Personal and social history (i.e. sexual history 5p’s)<br>f. Review of systems (ROS, pertinent positives and/or negatives)<br>g. Developmentally appropriate-i.e. developmental history if peds, functional assessment and/or dementia screen if elderly<br>a-Identified and collected the necessary data <br>b-Categorized and organized data using the appropriate format<br>c-Incorporated all pertinent data/facts<br>d- Used proper documentation and proper billing code<br>e- PATIENT’S CULTURE MUST BE NOTED | | | **OBJECTIVE (0.2POINT)** | **Score received** | | 1-Objective section should include:<br>a. General survey<br>b. Vital Signs (including BMI and growth chart if applicable)<br>c. All other necessary body systems<br>d. Diagnostic test if available<br>a. Identified and collected the necessary data <br>b. Categorized and organized data using the appropriate format <br>c.Incorporated all pertinent data/facts <br>d. Used proper documentation and billing code | | | **ASSESSMENT (0.2 POINT)** | **Score received** | | 1- Identified correct diagnosis, ICD-10 code, and correct differential diagnosis<br>a-Filtered relevant data from irrelevant data <br>b.-Interpreted relationships/patterns among data <br>(e.g., noted trends)<br>c.Integrated information to arrive at diagnosis<br>d.Identified risk factors<br>d. Used proper documentation | | | **PLAN Analysis (0.2 POINT)** | **Score received** | | a-Recommended an appropriate plan for each problem<br>b-Included recommendations for non-drug and drug therapy<br>c-Included recommendations for monitoring <br>d- Included health education<br>e- Included followup & referrals <br>f- include cultural considerations of patient care<br>Incorporate the patient's culture on the demographic section on SOAP notes. | | | **FORMAT (0.2 POINT)** | **Score received** | | 1- APA<br>2- References Current (at least two references, one of which needs to be up to date and the other a clinical practice guideline from a peer reviewed journal article or national organization such as AAFP, ACOG, USPSTF)<br>3- Writing clear, concise | | | **TOTAL: /1** | | **SOAP FORMAT & RUBRIC** **Initials of Patient:** **Patient Age:** **Patient Ethnicity:** **Initials of Provider:** **Clinical Setting:** **Patient Status: ____New ____Established** **SUBJECTIVE DATA; GRADE RECEIVED: _____** **Overall Instructions:** 1. **Identified and collected the necessary data** 2. **Categorized and organized data using the appropriate format** 3. **Incorporated all pertinent data/facts** 4. **Used proper documentation** 5. **LIST at the end of your subjective section the billing level : Problem Focused, Expanded problem focused, detailed, comprehensive (use guidelines for new vs. established patient** 6. **Identify cultural influences on care** **FORMAT** **Chief Complaint:** **History of Present Illness:** **Location** **Quality** **Quantity or Severity** **Timing (Onset, Duration, Frequency)** **Setting** **Aggravating and relieving Factors** **Associated Symptoms** · **Pertinent Positives and Negatives if it relates to the differential diagnosis of the chief compliant** **Past history (include dates):** **PMH** · **(Chronic illness (date of onset), hospitalizations (dates), number and gender of sexual partners, risky sexual practices)** · **Medications: Dose, route, frequency** · **Allergies: Medications, Foods, Other Allergens** **PSH** · **(Dates, indications, and types of operations)** **Past Psychiatric Hx** · **(Illness and timeframe, diagnosis, hospitalizations and treatments)** **Obstetrical/Gynecological (obstetric history, menstrual history,** **Contraceptive history, and sexual history)** **Obstetrical History** · **(Gravida-Para-TPAL)** **Menstrual History** · **(Menarche, LMP, PMP, regular/irregular, frequency, duration, quality of flow, Menopause, Post-menopausal bleeding, HRT)** **Contraceptive History** · **The types of contraceptive being used, the dates of unprotected sex)** **Sexual History** · **(Five P’s: Partners, Practices, Prevention of Pregnancy, Protection from STI’s, and history of STI’s)** **Pregnancy and Birth History** · **Maternal health: Gestational or chronic illness (i.e., gestational diabetes, preeclampsia) complications during pregnancy, infections, drugs, alcohol, illicit drug use, and medications.** · **Gestational age at delivery** · **Labor and delivery length: Length of labor, fetal distress, type of delivery (vaginal or cesarean)** · **Neonatal period: Apgar scores, need for intensive care, jaundice, birth injuries, length of stay, birth weight.** **Developmental History** · **Age at which milestones were achieved and developmental abilities** · **School- present grade, specific problems, interaction with peers** · **Behavior – enuresis, temper tantrums, thumb sucking, pica, nightmares** **Feeding History** · **Breast or bottle fed, types of formula, frequency and amount, reasons for any changes in formula** · **Solids – when introduced, problems created by specific types** · **Fluoride use** **Health Promotion/Maintenance** · **Immunizations, Eye exams, dental exams, lead screening, lipid,** **Hemoglobin. Colonoscopy, Annual Physical, Mammography,** **PAP, Functional Status: ADLs and IADLs** **Family History: Alive, Deceased, Age, Diseases, Health Conditions that place patient at risk (ages)** **Grandparents** **Parents** **Siblings** **Children** **Social History:** **Cultural Background** **Spiritual History/Religious Affiliation and Practices** **Complementary/Alternative Care Practices:** **Activities of Daily Living/Hobbies/Interests** **Type of Family (Nuclear, Extended etc.)** **Occupation of parents** **Work History** **Financial History** **Diet** **Exercise** **Use of alcohol, smoking, or recreational drugs** **Living Arrangements and conditions- school/daycare** **Travel History** **Social Support** **Review of Systems:** **Constitutional:** **Head/face:** **Eyes:** **Ears:** **Nose:** **Mouth/Throat/ Neck:** **Respiratory:** **Cardiac:** **Breast:** **GI:** **GU:** **GYN (female):** **Reproductive (Male):** **Musculoskeletal:** **Skin/Integument:** **Psychiatric:** **Neuro:** **Endocrine:** **Hematologic/Lymphatic:** **Allergic/Immunologic:** **Determine Which LEVEL of HISTORY (Choose one):** **Focused HPI (1-3 findings); ROS N.A; PFSH N.A** **Expanded HPI (1-3 Findings); ROS 1 or more; PFSH N.A.** **Detailed HPI (4 or more findings); ROS 2-9 systems; PFSH one** **Comprehensive HPI (4 or more findings or status of 3 or more chronic stable conditions; ROS 10-14; PFSH 2-3 areas** **OBJECTIVE DATA; Grade received_____** **Overall Instructions:** 1. **Identified and collected the necessary data** 2. **Categorized and organized data using the appropriate format** 3. **Incorporated all pertinent data/facts** 4. **Used proper documentation** 5. **LIST at the end of your subjective section the billing level : Problem Focused, Expanded problem focused, detailed, comprehensive (use guidelines for new vs. established patient** **FORMAT:** **Vital Signs:** **Oxygen Saturation:** **Ht and percentile on growth chart:** **Wt and percentile on growth chart:** **BMI (if applicable):** **Constitutional:** **General:** **Physical Examination:** **Head/face:** **Eyes:** **Ears:** **Nose:** **Mouth/Throat/ Neck:** **Respiratory:** **Cardiac:** **Breast:** **GI:** **GU:** **GYN (female):** **Reproductive (Male):** **Musculoskeletal:** **Skin/Integument:** **Psychiatric:** **Neuro:** **Hematologic/Lymphatic/Immunologic:** **Determine Billing LEVEL OF PHYSICAL OBJECTIVE EXAM (choose one):** **Focused: 1 body area or organ system (1-5 elements);** **Expanded problem focused (2-4 body are or organ system (6-11 elements);** **Detailed (5-7 see notes);** **Comprehensive (8 organ systems see notes);** **Laboratory Data Already Ordered and Available for Review (If not done will go in plan):** **Diagnostic Procedures/Data Already Ordered and Available for Review (If not done will go in plan):** **ASSESSMENT; GRADE RECEIVED____** 1) **Main Diagnosis/Problem:** 2) **Additional Health Problem/Dx:** 3) **Differential Diagnoses for top diagnoses** 4) **Identify Risk Factors** **PLAN; GRADE RECEIVED________** **For Each Diagnosis or Health Problem Identified as Appropriate:** **Additional Laboratory Tests or Diagnostic Data Needed** **Pharmacologic Management:** **Drug, dose, route, frequency, Disp amount** **SIG (write like a prescription)** **Non-Pharmacologic Management: i.e. hot packs, ice, position changes, TENS unit etc.** **Complementary Therapies:** **Anticipatory Guidance:** **Health Education:** **Referrals:** **Follow-up Appointment:** **For the Encounter Final Level of Decision Making: (give rationale for level which is based on Hx, physical, Decision making); Choose one** **Straightforward:** **Low Complexity:** **Moderate Complexity:** **High Complexity:** **Billing Level: Give the reason for the Billing by E and M Evaluation Coding as per Number of Systems Reviewed and Level of Physical Exam.** Patient Status: New or established Level of history Level of physical (exam) Level of Medical decision making For new pick the lowest of the 3 levels For established: drop the lowest level then pick 2nd lowest level **ANALYSIS** Write 1-2 paragraph summary listing the subjective and objective data that supports your main diagnosis. Write 1-2 paragraph summary discussing the plan for the main diagnosis. **GENERAL FORMAT REQUIREMENTS:** **References:** 1. **Analysis must have support from the literature with references within the last 5 years and/or use of clinical evidence-based guidelines. There should be sufficient number of references which are up to date preferably primary sources, research, clinical guidelines etc.** 2. **Use of APA style of references in reference list** **Writing Style:** 1. **Writing should be clear and concise with appropriate use of medical terminology.** 2. **Sections identifying subjective data, objective data, assessment, and plan are written in brief short phrases; not full sentences. No need to use the word “patient.”** 3. **Demonstrate** **your clinical judgment and decision making and the evidence you are using to support your identification of the diagnoses, health problem, or differential diagnoses and management plan.**

  • [Solved] Module 7 Reflection Paper

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    Describe a time when you struggled to perform a task at work. What was the job task? Using the PDC-HS, what questions would you have responded to with a no? If you were your supervisor, what would you have changed in your environment in order to help you perform better? _Remember to review the Refle…

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    Assignment Prompt & Instructions

    Describe a time when you struggled to perform a task at work. What was the job task? Using the PDC-HS, what questions would you have responded to with a no? If you were your supervisor, what would you have changed in your environment in order to help you perform better?

    _Remember to review the Reflection Paper rubric and instructions for reviewing a peer's submission in the Important Course Information module._

    _Additionally, please include LINKS or DOIs to any articles or books referenced outside of the assigned readings as part of your APA citation (_ [_as is required when using web-based referencesLinks to an external site._](https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/reference_list_electronic_sources.html) _). Failing to do so will result in point deductions._

    – [\
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    UWFReflectionPaperRubric1.pdf](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/uwfreflectionpaperrubric1-pdf-10232461 "UWFReflectionPaperRubric1.pdf")

    – 2 years ago

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    please see attachment – 2 years ago **files (2)** – ## peer_review.pdf – ## needrevision.docx **## peer_review.pdf** ENG 106: Composition II Learning Unit 4: Instructions Peer Review: Informative Outline Instructions Author: _______________________ Reviewer: ________…

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    please see attachment

    – 2 years ago

    **files (2)**

    – ## peer_review.pdf

    – ## needrevision.docx

    **## peer_review.pdf**

    ENG 106: Composition II Learning Unit 4: Instructions

    Peer Review: Informative Outline Instructions

    Author: _______________________ Reviewer: _______________________

    1. Is the thesis statement clear, specific, and neutral? Does the thesis present at least two legitimate

    sides to the debate? List any suggestions below.

    2. Major Points in Arguments Side 1 Section:

    1.

    2.

    3.

    4.

    5.

    3. How could the first argument section be improved?

    4. Main Points in Arguments Side 2 Section:

    1.

    2.

    3.

    4.

    5.

    5. How could the second argument section be improved?

    6. Does the debate seem balanced? In other words, does the student writer seem to take an objective

    stance and present an equal treatment of all arguments involved?

    7. What are the three top suggestions you have for improving this outline?

    1.

    2.

    3.

    © Kameo Cragoe and Indian Hills Community College

    **## needrevision.docx**

    **Paper one**

    Sariah Johnson

    Rough Draft- Informative Essay Outline

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    The Informative and Harmful Parts of Technology

    Technology has quickly expanded. However, is this something that is good, or is this hurting the world from a global point of view? Many say technology is good, because of the fact that it is giving the world a chance to grow. Even still, with growing comes pain, are the pains becoming too much for even the world to bear? Technology can be good yet it can also be bad, it all depends on how we use technology throughout the wonderful game of life. What are the especially good parts of technology? What are the bad parts? What's in between? There are multiple sides to the veil, the good, the bad, and the why.

    Looking for the positives in any situation is normal, technology is also leaving those positives effects. It gives people the chance to communicate with loved ones who live far away, the world is now able to be further explored, and many are getting new chances to make a difference in their lives. Since the beginning, communication has always been there in some form. From The Pony Express to the modern day cell phone, without it the world would be in shambles. In 2019, the world dealt with a global pandemic called COVID, everyone had no choice but to go online, from school work, to the way businesses communicate it was all done through a screen. Using technology allowed many people to stay active and aware of what else was happening in the world at this time. In 2001 when the Twin Towers fell many watched on TV, they were able to stay aware of what was happening. “. . . no matter what else is going on in the world. Technology allows us to keep working, communicating, going to school, shopping, going to doctor or therapy appointments, playing games, and staying aware of current events. And it allows us to do so with even more ease. . .” (Swenson 2020). People often ask what was here before we were? The common answer is dinosaurs. Many have questions about the world we live in, what is in space? What's in the ocean? What is Area 51 holding? Technology is giving us the chance and capability to further explore these questions. People are now able to track how far down or up they have explored. Through NASA everyone is being given the opportunity to seek the universe as we know it. If you go to the NASA Website you can find a part of it called ‘Watch the Skies’ and it gives everyday people the chance to learn more about what is happening in outer space. After COVID many started new hobbies, things to keep themselves busy, then they started to make videos, some were cute outfits you can wear, home work-out routines, some were fixing cars, or different sport drills you could try, but many started posting fun short dances that you are able to do with your friends. Many used this opportunity to give themselves a chance to turn their lives around, they used it as a way to give life a purpose. “Like it or not, the use of technology in everyday lives has become a necessity. It is integral to how we interact, go about our daily activities, work and build relationships.Modern innovations don’t just enhance lives but in some cases save them” (“The Positive Effects of Technology” 2023).

    All good things come to an end though. With technology the expansion has caused many to worry about it becoming too much. Many are finding a higher lack of care for mental health, they also worry about the control the government has, and people no longer see a need to keep certain things around. Right now many parents worry for the mental health of their children, teens are very addicted to everything social media has to offer them. HelpGuide.org discusses the addiction that children have and some things parents can do to help. “Youngsters lack the maturity to curb their smartphone use on their own, but simply confiscating the device can often backfire, creating anxiety and withdrawal symptoms in your child” (“Smartphone and Internet Addiction” 2025). Mental health is becoming a problem that parents and teens are struggling with, however there are many solutions and they include being a good role model, encouraging other activities/hobbies, and creating phone free zones. Some also believe that with the help of technology the government is tracking people. This causes worry, many do not like the feeling of someone having control over them through a phone. For older people that served in the war this topic can bring up difficult conversations, because of the fact that they never knew if the enemy was watching and if they were they could have a higher chance of being ambushed and killed. Many also discuss the fact that certain things are becoming outdated. In 2011 the topic of the U.S. The Postal Service was debated on whether or not it was still useful, they argued it “. . . is hemorrhaging money because it is a bloated, badly run relic of a bygone era. There are few functions currently performed by the Postal Service that could not be better filled by private companies” (“The Future of the Postal Service” 2011). While others argued its “. . . a necessary public service that cannot be replaced by either technological advancements or private industry. Throughout its history, it has maintained universal coverage to every U.S. citizen regardless of where he or she lives, which is something that private delivery companies have been unable or unwilling to do” (“The Future of the Postal Service” 2011).

    With time people see that there are good and bad things that technology is and has been producing. You have to understand that when you use technology on a daily basis there are risk factors and dark sides, but that it is also leaving a positive effect on how people are living. Some use their screen to say hurtful words to others, this is called cyber-bullying and it is becoming more popular as technology advances. “The sense of anonymity we have online, or of feeling slightly removed from the situation when behind a keyboard, can lead to saying things we wouldn’t ordinarily say in a face-to-face situation. . . The spread of misinformation or outright lies, the prevalence of bullying and cyber attacks, and other unpleasantries are all common side effects of our cyberspace—and they can lead to anxiety, depression, addiction, and other mental health disorders” (Swenson 2020). As technology continues to build, AI or Artificial Intelligence is becoming more popular. It is a form of “Jekyll and Hyde interactions. . .” (“Artificial Intelligence” 2024). AI is a tool some kids are using to complete confusing homework assignments, others are using it to do its work for them. Some want answers to certain personal questions but get mad when it gives them two options instead of what they think that they should do. Then you think of a friend you might know who has or had cancer, without the technology advances we have now they might still be receiving treatment and not be getting better. Through technology doctors visits are also improving, people get diagnosed faster and don't have to still go through a long process to get medicine and start getting better right away. “In computer-assisted brain surgery, surgeons use technology to create a 3D image of the brain to help guide their operations. Thanks to similar innovations, more than 250 million endoscopies are performed each year around the world. This minimally invasive procedure is widely used on joints and other areas of the body to reduce hospitalizations and hasten recovery times” (“The Positive Effects of Technology” 2023).

    Yes, there are terribly distraught parts of technology, but at the same time do they outweigh all of the good things that are coming from technology? One could argue for either side, however many agree that technology is and can be harmful but that it can leave a positive effect. It all depends on how it is used, discussing the good, the bad, and the why gives people the chance to decide on how they want to use it themself.

    **Paper two**

    Laudia Carter

    Outline draft

    Collapse

    Title- The complex debate over Antipsychotic ADHD Medication

    Intro – attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a condition said to affect millions of individuals around the world, more particularly in children. As the number of diagnoses increases, so does the use of medication to manage it. Stimulants, such as Adderall or Ritalin, are commonly prescribed to help individuals with ADHD improve focus and self- regulation. While these medications have been effective in managing symptoms such as inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, concerns have also arisen regarding their potential overprescription and misuse especially in children and adolescence. (Thesis)

    Thesis- Although some people believe that ADHD and its medication is common and much needed, some people argue that the medicine is overprescribed and unnecessarily used in many scenarios.

    Background – The definition of ADHD and how it works (subcategories), what people thought of ADHD in the past, how ADHD was discovered, Past treatments, the development of medication, leading into the debate.

    Arguments for –

    They have helped a ton of people with mental health issues.

    ADHD is on the rise and the medicine is a necessity to help people with it.

    They can be administered safely by doctors

    They can help people focus better, fidget less, and listen better.

    Enhanced self-regulation for severe cases, including other illnesses.

    Arguments against –

    There are too many side effects and long term effects that we don’t understand for it to be safe.

    ADHD has many symptoms that bleed into other issues, therefore can be easily misdiagnosed

    Society is unnatural to how humans are meant to live, therefore medicating people who find it hard to focus is wrong.

    Medication for children is inhumane because they are meant to be full of energy and wild, and medicating that out of them will cause other problems.

    Antipsychotics are abused because people seem to think it makes them smarter and focus better even when they don’t have ADHD.

    Using medicine as a first choice for ADHD is wrong, as you are still able to function with it.

    Conclusion – (so, what?) So, what? Why does the debate on ADHD even matter? Understanding this issue is essential because it directly impacts the health and wellbeing of millions of individuals diagnosed with ADHD. One one hand, the medication can offer substantial benefits, such as improved focus, academic performance, and quality of life for those who genuinely need them One the other hand, concerns about overprescription raise important questions about misdiagnosis, dependency, and harmful side effects. No matter what one thinks, balancing these benefits and drawbacks requires a more cautious diagnostic process and improved education about this subject. By striving for more responsible and personalized approaches to treatment, society can ensure that those who need medication receive it safely, whilst minimizing the risks associated with possible misdiagnosis.

    **## needrevision.docx**

    **Paper one**

    Sariah Johnson

    Rough Draft- Informative Essay Outline

    Collapse

    The Informative and Harmful Parts of Technology

    Technology has quickly expanded. However, is this something that is good, or is this hurting the world from a global point of view? Many say technology is good, because of the fact that it is giving the world a chance to grow. Even still, with growing comes pain, are the pains becoming too much for even the world to bear? Technology can be good yet it can also be bad, it all depends on how we use technology throughout the wonderful game of life. What are the especially good parts of technology? What are the bad parts? What's in between? There are multiple sides to the veil, the good, the bad, and the why.

    Looking for the positives in any situation is normal, technology is also leaving those positives effects. It gives people the chance to communicate with loved ones who live far away, the world is now able to be further explored, and many are getting new chances to make a difference in their lives. Since the beginning, communication has always been there in some form. From The Pony Express to the modern day cell phone, without it the world would be in shambles. In 2019, the world dealt with a global pandemic called COVID, everyone had no choice but to go online, from school work, to the way businesses communicate it was all done through a screen. Using technology allowed many people to stay active and aware of what else was happening in the world at this time. In 2001 when the Twin Towers fell many watched on TV, they were able to stay aware of what was happening. “. . . no matter what else is going on in the world. Technology allows us to keep working, communicating, going to school, shopping, going to doctor or therapy appointments, playing games, and staying aware of current events. And it allows us to do so with even more ease. . .” (Swenson 2020). People often ask what was here before we were? The common answer is dinosaurs. Many have questions about the world we live in, what is in space? What's in the ocean? What is Area 51 holding? Technology is giving us the chance and capability to further explore these questions. People are now able to track how far down or up they have explored. Through NASA everyone is being given the opportunity to seek the universe as we know it. If you go to the NASA Website you can find a part of it called ‘Watch the Skies’ and it gives everyday people the chance to learn more about what is happening in outer space. After COVID many started new hobbies, things to keep themselves busy, then they started to make videos, some were cute outfits you can wear, home work-out routines, some were fixing cars, or different sport drills you could try, but many started posting fun short dances that you are able to do with your friends. Many used this opportunity to give themselves a chance to turn their lives around, they used it as a way to give life a purpose. “Like it or not, the use of technology in everyday lives has become a necessity. It is integral to how we interact, go about our daily activities, work and build relationships.Modern innovations don’t just enhance lives but in some cases save them” (“The Positive Effects of Technology” 2023).

    All good things come to an end though. With technology the expansion has caused many to worry about it becoming too much. Many are finding a higher lack of care for mental health, they also worry about the control the government has, and people no longer see a need to keep certain things around. Right now many parents worry for the mental health of their children, teens are very addicted to everything social media has to offer them. HelpGuide.org discusses the addiction that children have and some things parents can do to help. “Youngsters lack the maturity to curb their smartphone use on their own, but simply confiscating the device can often backfire, creating anxiety and withdrawal symptoms in your child” (“Smartphone and Internet Addiction” 2025). Mental health is becoming a problem that parents and teens are struggling with, however there are many solutions and they include being a good role model, encouraging other activities/hobbies, and creating phone free zones. Some also believe that with the help of technology the government is tracking people. This causes worry, many do not like the feeling of someone having control over them through a phone. For older people that served in the war this topic can bring up difficult conversations, because of the fact that they never knew if the enemy was watching and if they were they could have a higher chance of being ambushed and killed. Many also discuss the fact that certain things are becoming outdated. In 2011 the topic of the U.S. The Postal Service was debated on whether or not it was still useful, they argued it “. . . is hemorrhaging money because it is a bloated, badly run relic of a bygone era. There are few functions currently performed by the Postal Service that could not be better filled by private companies” (“The Future of the Postal Service” 2011). While others argued its “. . . a necessary public service that cannot be replaced by either technological advancements or private industry. Throughout its history, it has maintained universal coverage to every U.S. citizen regardless of where he or she lives, which is something that private delivery companies have been unable or unwilling to do” (“The Future of the Postal Service” 2011).

    With time people see that there are good and bad things that technology is and has been producing. You have to understand that when you use technology on a daily basis there are risk factors and dark sides, but that it is also leaving a positive effect on how people are living. Some use their screen to say hurtful words to others, this is called cyber-bullying and it is becoming more popular as technology advances. “The sense of anonymity we have online, or of feeling slightly removed from the situation when behind a keyboard, can lead to saying things we wouldn’t ordinarily say in a face-to-face situation. . . The spread of misinformation or outright lies, the prevalence of bullying and cyber attacks, and other unpleasantries are all common side effects of our cyberspace—and they can lead to anxiety, depression, addiction, and other mental health disorders” (Swenson 2020). As technology continues to build, AI or Artificial Intelligence is becoming more popular. It is a form of “Jekyll and Hyde interactions. . .” (“Artificial Intelligence” 2024). AI is a tool some kids are using to complete confusing homework assignments, others are using it to do its work for them. Some want answers to certain personal questions but get mad when it gives them two options instead of what they think that they should do. Then you think of a friend you might know who has or had cancer, without the technology advances we have now they might still be receiving treatment and not be getting better. Through technology doctors visits are also improving, people get diagnosed faster and don't have to still go through a long process to get medicine and start getting better right away. “In computer-assisted brain surgery, surgeons use technology to create a 3D image of the brain to help guide their operations. Thanks to similar innovations, more than 250 million endoscopies are performed each year around the world. This minimally invasive procedure is widely used on joints and other areas of the body to reduce hospitalizations and hasten recovery times” (“The Positive Effects of Technology” 2023).

    Yes, there are terribly distraught parts of technology, but at the same time do they outweigh all of the good things that are coming from technology? One could argue for either side, however many agree that technology is and can be harmful but that it can leave a positive effect. It all depends on how it is used, discussing the good, the bad, and the why gives people the chance to decide on how they want to use it themself.

    **Paper two**

    Laudia Carter

    Outline draft

    Collapse

    Title- The complex debate over Antipsychotic ADHD Medication

    Intro – attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a condition said to affect millions of individuals around the world, more particularly in children. As the number of diagnoses increases, so does the use of medication to manage it. Stimulants, such as Adderall or Ritalin, are commonly prescribed to help individuals with ADHD improve focus and self- regulation. While these medications have been effective in managing symptoms such as inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, concerns have also arisen regarding their potential overprescription and misuse especially in children and adolescence. (Thesis)

    Thesis- Although some people believe that ADHD and its medication is common and much needed, some people argue that the medicine is overprescribed and unnecessarily used in many scenarios.

    Background – The definition of ADHD and how it works (subcategories), what people thought of ADHD in the past, how ADHD was discovered, Past treatments, the development of medication, leading into the debate.

    Arguments for –

    They have helped a ton of people with mental health issues.

    ADHD is on the rise and the medicine is a necessity to help people with it.

    They can be administered safely by doctors

    They can help people focus better, fidget less, and listen better.

    Enhanced self-regulation for severe cases, including other illnesses.

    Arguments against –

    There are too many side effects and long term effects that we don’t understand for it to be safe.

    ADHD has many symptoms that bleed into other issues, therefore can be easily misdiagnosed

    Society is unnatural to how humans are meant to live, therefore medicating people who find it hard to focus is wrong.

    Medication for children is inhumane because they are meant to be full of energy and wild, and medicating that out of them will cause other problems.

    Antipsychotics are abused because people seem to think it makes them smarter and focus better even when they don’t have ADHD.

    Using medicine as a first choice for ADHD is wrong, as you are still able to function with it.

    Conclusion – (so, what?) So, what? Why does the debate on ADHD even matter? Understanding this issue is essential because it directly impacts the health and wellbeing of millions of individuals diagnosed with ADHD. One one hand, the medication can offer substantial benefits, such as improved focus, academic performance, and quality of life for those who genuinely need them One the other hand, concerns about overprescription raise important questions about misdiagnosis, dependency, and harmful side effects. No matter what one thinks, balancing these benefits and drawbacks requires a more cautious diagnostic process and improved education about this subject. By striving for more responsible and personalized approaches to treatment, society can ensure that those who need medication receive it safely, whilst minimizing the risks associated with possible misdiagnosis.

    **## peer_review.pdf**

    ENG 106: Composition II Learning Unit 4: Instructions

    Peer Review: Informative Outline Instructions

    Author: _______________________ Reviewer: _______________________

    1. Is the thesis statement clear, specific, and neutral? Does the thesis present at least two legitimate

    sides to the debate? List any suggestions below.

    2. Major Points in Arguments Side 1 Section:

    1.

    2.

    3.

    4.

    5.

    3. How could the first argument section be improved?

    4. Main Points in Arguments Side 2 Section:

    1.

    2.

    3.

    4.

    5.

    5. How could the second argument section be improved?

    6. Does the debate seem balanced? In other words, does the student writer seem to take an objective

    stance and present an equal treatment of all arguments involved?

    7. What are the three top suggestions you have for improving this outline?

    1.

    2.

    3.

    © Kameo Cragoe and Indian Hills Community College

    **## needrevision.docx**

    **Paper one**

    Sariah Johnson

    Rough Draft- Informative Essay Outline

    Collapse

    The Informative and Harmful Parts of Technology

    Technology has quickly expanded. However, is this something that is good, or is this hurting the world from a global point of view? Many say technology is good, because of the fact that it is giving the world a chance to grow. Even still, with growing comes pain, are the pains becoming too much for even the world to bear? Technology can be good yet it can also be bad, it all depends on how we use technology throughout the wonderful game of life. What are the especially good parts of technology? What are the bad parts? What's in between? There are multiple sides to the veil, the good, the bad, and the why.

    Looking for the positives in any situation is normal, technology is also leaving those positives effects. It gives people the chance to communicate with loved ones who live far away, the world is now able to be further explored, and many are getting new chances to make a difference in their lives. Since the beginning, communication has always been there in some form. From The Pony Express to the modern day cell phone, without it the world would be in shambles. In 2019, the world dealt with a global pandemic called COVID, everyone had no choice but to go online, from school work, to the way businesses communicate it was all done through a screen. Using technology allowed many people to stay active and aware of what else was happening in the world at this time. In 2001 when the Twin Towers fell many watched on TV, they were able to stay aware of what was happening. “. . . no matter what else is going on in the world. Technology allows us to keep working, communicating, going to school, shopping, going to doctor or therapy appointments, playing games, and staying aware of current events. And it allows us to do so with even more ease. . .” (Swenson 2020). People often ask what was here before we were? The common answer is dinosaurs. Many have questions about the world we live in, what is in space? What's in the ocean? What is Area 51 holding? Technology is giving us the chance and capability to further explore these questions. People are now able to track how far down or up they have explored. Through NASA everyone is being given the opportunity to seek the universe as we know it. If you go to the NASA Website you can find a part of it called ‘Watch the Skies’ and it gives everyday people the chance to learn more about what is happening in outer space. After COVID many started new hobbies, things to keep themselves busy, then they started to make videos, some were cute outfits you can wear, home work-out routines, some were fixing cars, or different sport drills you could try, but many started posting fun short dances that you are able to do with your friends. Many used this opportunity to give themselves a chance to turn their lives around, they used it as a way to give life a purpose. “Like it or not, the use of technology in everyday lives has become a necessity. It is integral to how we interact, go about our daily activities, work and build relationships.Modern innovations don’t just enhance lives but in some cases save them” (“The Positive Effects of Technology” 2023).

    All good things come to an end though. With technology the expansion has caused many to worry about it becoming too much. Many are finding a higher lack of care for mental health, they also worry about the control the government has, and people no longer see a need to keep certain things around. Right now many parents worry for the mental health of their children, teens are very addicted to everything social media has to offer them. HelpGuide.org discusses the addiction that children have and some things parents can do to help. “Youngsters lack the maturity to curb their smartphone use on their own, but simply confiscating the device can often backfire, creating anxiety and withdrawal symptoms in your child” (“Smartphone and Internet Addiction” 2025). Mental health is becoming a problem that parents and teens are struggling with, however there are many solutions and they include being a good role model, encouraging other activities/hobbies, and creating phone free zones. Some also believe that with the help of technology the government is tracking people. This causes worry, many do not like the feeling of someone having control over them through a phone. For older people that served in the war this topic can bring up difficult conversations, because of the fact that they never knew if the enemy was watching and if they were they could have a higher chance of being ambushed and killed. Many also discuss the fact that certain things are becoming outdated. In 2011 the topic of the U.S. The Postal Service was debated on whether or not it was still useful, they argued it “. . . is hemorrhaging money because it is a bloated, badly run relic of a bygone era. There are few functions currently performed by the Postal Service that could not be better filled by private companies” (“The Future of the Postal Service” 2011). While others argued its “. . . a necessary public service that cannot be replaced by either technological advancements or private industry. Throughout its history, it has maintained universal coverage to every U.S. citizen regardless of where he or she lives, which is something that private delivery companies have been unable or unwilling to do” (“The Future of the Postal Service” 2011).

    With time people see that there are good and bad things that technology is and has been producing. You have to understand that when you use technology on a daily basis there are risk factors and dark sides, but that it is also leaving a positive effect on how people are living. Some use their screen to say hurtful words to others, this is called cyber-bullying and it is becoming more popular as technology advances. “The sense of anonymity we have online, or of feeling slightly removed from the situation when behind a keyboard, can lead to saying things we wouldn’t ordinarily say in a face-to-face situation. . . The spread of misinformation or outright lies, the prevalence of bullying and cyber attacks, and other unpleasantries are all common side effects of our cyberspace—and they can lead to anxiety, depression, addiction, and other mental health disorders” (Swenson 2020). As technology continues to build, AI or Artificial Intelligence is becoming more popular. It is a form of “Jekyll and Hyde interactions. . .” (“Artificial Intelligence” 2024). AI is a tool some kids are using to complete confusing homework assignments, others are using it to do its work for them. Some want answers to certain personal questions but get mad when it gives them two options instead of what they think that they should do. Then you think of a friend you might know who has or had cancer, without the technology advances we have now they might still be receiving treatment and not be getting better. Through technology doctors visits are also improving, people get diagnosed faster and don't have to still go through a long process to get medicine and start getting better right away. “In computer-assisted brain surgery, surgeons use technology to create a 3D image of the brain to help guide their operations. Thanks to similar innovations, more than 250 million endoscopies are performed each year around the world. This minimally invasive procedure is widely used on joints and other areas of the body to reduce hospitalizations and hasten recovery times” (“The Positive Effects of Technology” 2023).

    Yes, there are terribly distraught parts of technology, but at the same time do they outweigh all of the good things that are coming from technology? One could argue for either side, however many agree that technology is and can be harmful but that it can leave a positive effect. It all depends on how it is used, discussing the good, the bad, and the why gives people the chance to decide on how they want to use it themself.

    **Paper two**

    Laudia Carter

    Outline draft

    Collapse

    Title- The complex debate over Antipsychotic ADHD Medication

    Intro – attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a condition said to affect millions of individuals around the world, more particularly in children. As the number of diagnoses increases, so does the use of medication to manage it. Stimulants, such as Adderall or Ritalin, are commonly prescribed to help individuals with ADHD improve focus and self- regulation. While these medications have been effective in managing symptoms such as inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, concerns have also arisen regarding their potential overprescription and misuse especially in children and adolescence. (Thesis)

    Thesis- Although some people believe that ADHD and its medication is common and much needed, some people argue that the medicine is overprescribed and unnecessarily used in many scenarios.

    Background – The definition of ADHD and how it works (subcategories), what people thought of ADHD in the past, how ADHD was discovered, Past treatments, the development of medication, leading into the debate.

    Arguments for –

    They have helped a ton of people with mental health issues.

    ADHD is on the rise and the medicine is a necessity to help people with it.

    They can be administered safely by doctors

    They can help people focus better, fidget less, and listen better.

    Enhanced self-regulation for severe cases, including other illnesses.

    Arguments against –

    There are too many side effects and long term effects that we don’t understand for it to be safe.

    ADHD has many symptoms that bleed into other issues, therefore can be easily misdiagnosed

    Society is unnatural to how humans are meant to live, therefore medicating people who find it hard to focus is wrong.

    Medication for children is inhumane because they are meant to be full of energy and wild, and medicating that out of them will cause other problems.

    Antipsychotics are abused because people seem to think it makes them smarter and focus better even when they don’t have ADHD.

    Using medicine as a first choice for ADHD is wrong, as you are still able to function with it.

    Conclusion – (so, what?) So, what? Why does the debate on ADHD even matter? Understanding this issue is essential because it directly impacts the health and wellbeing of millions of individuals diagnosed with ADHD. One one hand, the medication can offer substantial benefits, such as improved focus, academic performance, and quality of life for those who genuinely need them One the other hand, concerns about overprescription raise important questions about misdiagnosis, dependency, and harmful side effects. No matter what one thinks, balancing these benefits and drawbacks requires a more cautious diagnostic process and improved education about this subject. By striving for more responsible and personalized approaches to treatment, society can ensure that those who need medication receive it safely, whilst minimizing the risks associated with possible misdiagnosis.

    **## peer_review.pdf**

    ENG 106: Composition II Learning Unit 4: Instructions

    Peer Review: Informative Outline Instructions

    Author: _______________________ Reviewer: _______________________

    1. Is the thesis statement clear, specific, and neutral? Does the thesis present at least two legitimate

    sides to the debate? List any suggestions below.

    2. Major Points in Arguments Side 1 Section:

    1.

    2.

    3.

    4.

    5.

    3. How could the first argument section be improved?

    4. Main Points in Arguments Side 2 Section:

    1.

    2.

    3.

    4.

    5.

    5. How could the second argument section be improved?

    6. Does the debate seem balanced? In other words, does the student writer seem to take an objective

    stance and present an equal treatment of all arguments involved?

    7. What are the three top suggestions you have for improving this outline?

    1.

    2.

    3.

    © Kameo Cragoe and Indian Hills Community College

    **## needrevision.docx**

    **Paper one**

    Sariah Johnson

    Rough Draft- Informative Essay Outline

    Collapse

    The Informative and Harmful Parts of Technology

    Technology has quickly expanded. However, is this something that is good, or is this hurting the world from a global point of view? Many say technology is good, because of the fact that it is giving the world a chance to grow. Even still, with growing comes pain, are the pains becoming too much for even the world to bear? Technology can be good yet it can also be bad, it all depends on how we use technology throughout the wonderful game of life. What are the especially good parts of technology? What are the bad parts? What's in between? There are multiple sides to the veil, the good, the bad, and the why.

    Looking for the positives in any situation is normal, technology is also leaving those positives effects. It gives people the chance to communicate with loved ones who live far away, the world is now able to be further explored, and many are getting new chances to make a difference in their lives. Since the beginning, communication has always been there in some form. From The Pony Express to the modern day cell phone, without it the world would be in shambles. In 2019, the world dealt with a global pandemic called COVID, everyone had no choice but to go online, from school work, to the way businesses communicate it was all done through a screen. Using technology allowed many people to stay active and aware of what else was happening in the world at this time. In 2001 when the Twin Towers fell many watched on TV, they were able to stay aware of what was happening. “. . . no matter what else is going on in the world. Technology allows us to keep working, communicating, going to school, shopping, going to doctor or therapy appointments, playing games, and staying aware of current events. And it allows us to do so with even more ease. . .” (Swenson 2020). People often ask what was here before we were? The common answer is dinosaurs. Many have questions about the world we live in, what is in space? What's in the ocean? What is Area 51 holding? Technology is giving us the chance and capability to further explore these questions. People are now able to track how far down or up they have explored. Through NASA everyone is being given the opportunity to seek the universe as we know it. If you go to the NASA Website you can find a part of it called ‘Watch the Skies’ and it gives everyday people the chance to learn more about what is happening in outer space. After COVID many started new hobbies, things to keep themselves busy, then they started to make videos, some were cute outfits you can wear, home work-out routines, some were fixing cars, or different sport drills you could try, but many started posting fun short dances that you are able to do with your friends. Many used this opportunity to give themselves a chance to turn their lives around, they used it as a way to give life a purpose. “Like it or not, the use of technology in everyday lives has become a necessity. It is integral to how we interact, go about our daily activities, work and build relationships.Modern innovations don’t just enhance lives but in some cases save them” (“The Positive Effects of Technology” 2023).

    All good things come to an end though. With technology the expansion has caused many to worry about it becoming too much. Many are finding a higher lack of care for mental health, they also worry about the control the government has, and people no longer see a need to keep certain things around. Right now many parents worry for the mental health of their children, teens are very addicted to everything social media has to offer them. HelpGuide.org discusses the addiction that children have and some things parents can do to help. “Youngsters lack the maturity to curb their smartphone use on their own, but simply confiscating the device can often backfire, creating anxiety and withdrawal symptoms in your child” (“Smartphone and Internet Addiction” 2025). Mental health is becoming a problem that parents and teens are struggling with, however there are many solutions and they include being a good role model, encouraging other activities/hobbies, and creating phone free zones. Some also believe that with the help of technology the government is tracking people. This causes worry, many do not like the feeling of someone having control over them through a phone. For older people that served in the war this topic can bring up difficult conversations, because of the fact that they never knew if the enemy was watching and if they were they could have a higher chance of being ambushed and killed. Many also discuss the fact that certain things are becoming outdated. In 2011 the topic of the U.S. The Postal Service was debated on whether or not it was still useful, they argued it “. . . is hemorrhaging money because it is a bloated, badly run relic of a bygone era. There are few functions currently performed by the Postal Service that could not be better filled by private companies” (“The Future of the Postal Service” 2011). While others argued its “. . . a necessary public service that cannot be replaced by either technological advancements or private industry. Throughout its history, it has maintained universal coverage to every U.S. citizen regardless of where he or she lives, which is something that private delivery companies have been unable or unwilling to do” (“The Future of the Postal Service” 2011).

    With time people see that there are good and bad things that technology is and has been producing. You have to understand that when you use technology on a daily basis there are risk factors and dark sides, but that it is also leaving a positive effect on how people are living. Some use their screen to say hurtful words to others, this is called cyber-bullying and it is becoming more popular as technology advances. “The sense of anonymity we have online, or of feeling slightly removed from the situation when behind a keyboard, can lead to saying things we wouldn’t ordinarily say in a face-to-face situation. . . The spread of misinformation or outright lies, the prevalence of bullying and cyber attacks, and other unpleasantries are all common side effects of our cyberspace—and they can lead to anxiety, depression, addiction, and other mental health disorders” (Swenson 2020). As technology continues to build, AI or Artificial Intelligence is becoming more popular. It is a form of “Jekyll and Hyde interactions. . .” (“Artificial Intelligence” 2024). AI is a tool some kids are using to complete confusing homework assignments, others are using it to do its work for them. Some want answers to certain personal questions but get mad when it gives them two options instead of what they think that they should do. Then you think of a friend you might know who has or had cancer, without the technology advances we have now they might still be receiving treatment and not be getting better. Through technology doctors visits are also improving, people get diagnosed faster and don't have to still go through a long process to get medicine and start getting better right away. “In computer-assisted brain surgery, surgeons use technology to create a 3D image of the brain to help guide their operations. Thanks to similar innovations, more than 250 million endoscopies are performed each year around the world. This minimally invasive procedure is widely used on joints and other areas of the body to reduce hospitalizations and hasten recovery times” (“The Positive Effects of Technology” 2023).

    Yes, there are terribly distraught parts of technology, but at the same time do they outweigh all of the good things that are coming from technology? One could argue for either side, however many agree that technology is and can be harmful but that it can leave a positive effect. It all depends on how it is used, discussing the good, the bad, and the why gives people the chance to decide on how they want to use it themself.

    **Paper two**

    Laudia Carter

    Outline draft

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    Title- The complex debate over Antipsychotic ADHD Medication

    Intro – attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a condition said to affect millions of individuals around the world, more particularly in children. As the number of diagnoses increases, so does the use of medication to manage it. Stimulants, such as Adderall or Ritalin, are commonly prescribed to help individuals with ADHD improve focus and self- regulation. While these medications have been effective in managing symptoms such as inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, concerns have also arisen regarding their potential overprescription and misuse especially in children and adolescence. (Thesis)

    Thesis- Although some people believe that ADHD and its medication is common and much needed, some people argue that the medicine is overprescribed and unnecessarily used in many scenarios.

    Background – The definition of ADHD and how it works (subcategories), what people thought of ADHD in the past, how ADHD was discovered, Past treatments, the development of medication, leading into the debate.

    Arguments for –

    They have helped a ton of people with mental health issues.

    ADHD is on the rise and the medicine is a necessity to help people with it.

    They can be administered safely by doctors

    They can help people focus better, fidget less, and listen better.

    Enhanced self-regulation for severe cases, including other illnesses.

    Arguments against –

    There are too many side effects and long term effects that we don’t understand for it to be safe.

    ADHD has many symptoms that bleed into other issues, therefore can be easily misdiagnosed

    Society is unnatural to how humans are meant to live, therefore medicating people who find it hard to focus is wrong.

    Medication for children is inhumane because they are meant to be full of energy and wild, and medicating that out of them will cause other problems.

    Antipsychotics are abused because people seem to think it makes them smarter and focus better even when they don’t have ADHD.

    Using medicine as a first choice for ADHD is wrong, as you are still able to function with it.

    Conclusion – (so, what?) So, what? Why does the debate on ADHD even matter? Understanding this issue is essential because it directly impacts the health and wellbeing of millions of individuals diagnosed with ADHD. One one hand, the medication can offer substantial benefits, such as improved focus, academic performance, and quality of life for those who genuinely need them One the other hand, concerns about overprescription raise important questions about misdiagnosis, dependency, and harmful side effects. No matter what one thinks, balancing these benefits and drawbacks requires a more cautious diagnostic process and improved education about this subject. By striving for more responsible and personalized approaches to treatment, society can ensure that those who need medication receive it safely, whilst minimizing the risks associated with possible misdiagnosis.

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    **After studying the materials on the corresponding Modules and Textbook chapters for this discussion, respond, in your own words, to the topic assigned to you. It is also encouraged to not only base your response on what you have studied from the textbook and modules, but also on any previous knowledge you may have, or any other source that you have studied related to the topic.**

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    **After studying the materials on the corresponding Modules and Textbook chapters for this discussion, respond, in your own words, to the topic assigned to you. It is also encouraged to not only base your response on what you have studied from the textbook and modules, but also on any previous knowledge you may have, or any other source that you have studied related to the topic.**

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    If your discussion post exceeds the maximum number of words or sentences it will have points deduced.

    **The Discussion Instructions** **and Topic assignments** are found on the required textbook. Click on the Discussions link on the Modules or the Assignments Tab for more information.

    **Topic 1: The use of drugs by musicians of the 1960s, a tradition they inherited from the older blues and jazz players, led to the birth of psychedelic music and culture. How did this music influence the development of recording studio techniques as well as musical styles?**

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    **After studying the materials on the corresponding Modules and Textbook chapters for this discussion, respond, in your own words, to the topic assigned to you. It is also encouraged to not only base your response on what you have studied from the textbook and modules, but also on any previous knowledge you may have, or any other source that you have studied related to the topic.**

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    | | |
    | — | — |
    | ENG 106: Composition II | Learning Unit 2: Instructions |

    ## Utilizing the Library Databases Assignment Instructions

    **Assignment Instructions:** This assignment contains two major sections. Please complete both of them. If you find that you are struggling to use the databases or to find a library source on your topic, don’t hesitate to go into the library and ask a librarian to help you. They’re glad to help! Your instructor is also available for assistance, though he/she may have less accessible hours than the librarians.

    **Note:** This assignment is due in LU03, but you should start researching in LU02.

    **Section 1: Preparing to research.**

    **Instructions:** List your topic, your research question, and the search terms you’ve brainstormed for your topic (for the Informative Essay).

    **Your Topic:**

    **Your Research Question:**

    **Your Search Terms:**

    **Section 2: Using Library Databases**

    **Instructions:** Go to each of the library databases listed below (numbers 1-5) and use your search terms to find at least one article from each database. Once you’ve found and printed the articles, skim (or, better yet, thoroughly read and note-take) each one and fill out the following form. You will want to write a one-paragraph summary for each and three to five sentences discussing potential applications to your paper.

    _(Remember that you have to go through the IHCC Library’s website to access these sources. Also, if you’re off-campus, you’ll need to use the passwords available in MyHills. To get to them, sign into your MyHills account and scroll to the bottom of your homepage. You’ll see a button that says “Library Database Passwords.” Click on it to access those passwords.)_

    1.
    **_CQ Researcher_**

    Author:

    Title:

    Source (journal, magazine, other publication):

    Date:

    Brief summary of source:

    Brief discussion of how source will apply to your essay:

    2.
    **_EBSCO Periodical Index_**

    Author:

    Title:

    Source:

    Date:

    Brief summary of source:

    Brief discussion of how source will apply to your essay:

    3.
    **_Gale Databases with Opposing Viewpoints_**

    Author:

    Title:

    Source:

    Date:

    Brief summary of source:

    Brief discussion of how source will apply to your essay:

    4.
    **SIRS**

    Author:

    Title:

    Source:

    Date:

    Brief summary of source:

    Brief discussion of how source will apply to your essay:

    5.
    **Facts on File or NewsBank: Access World News**

    Author:

    Title:

    Source:

    Date:

    Brief summary of source:

    Brief discussion of how source will apply to your essay:

    © Kara Beary and Indian Hills Community College

    Page 2 of 2

    **## lu02_library_assignment.docx**

    | | |
    | — | — |
    | ENG 106: Composition II | Learning Unit 2: Instructions |

    ## Utilizing the Library Databases Assignment Instructions

    **Assignment Instructions:** This assignment contains two major sections. Please complete both of them. If you find that you are struggling to use the databases or to find a library source on your topic, don’t hesitate to go into the library and ask a librarian to help you. They’re glad to help! Your instructor is also available for assistance, though he/she may have less accessible hours than the librarians.

    **Note:** This assignment is due in LU03, but you should start researching in LU02.

    **Section 1: Preparing to research.**

    **Instructions:** List your topic, your research question, and the search terms you’ve brainstormed for your topic (for the Informative Essay).

    **Your Topic:**

    **Your Research Question:**

    **Your Search Terms:**

    **Section 2: Using Library Databases**

    **Instructions:** Go to each of the library databases listed below (numbers 1-5) and use your search terms to find at least one article from each database. Once you’ve found and printed the articles, skim (or, better yet, thoroughly read and note-take) each one and fill out the following form. You will want to write a one-paragraph summary for each and three to five sentences discussing potential applications to your paper.

    _(Remember that you have to go through the IHCC Library’s website to access these sources. Also, if you’re off-campus, you’ll need to use the passwords available in MyHills. To get to them, sign into your MyHills account and scroll to the bottom of your homepage. You’ll see a button that says “Library Database Passwords.” Click on it to access those passwords.)_

    1.
    **_CQ Researcher_**

    Author:

    Title:

    Source (journal, magazine, other publication):

    Date:

    Brief summary of source:

    Brief discussion of how source will apply to your essay:

    2.
    **_EBSCO Periodical Index_**

    Author:

    Title:

    Source:

    Date:

    Brief summary of source:

    Brief discussion of how source will apply to your essay:

    3.
    **_Gale Databases with Opposing Viewpoints_**

    Author:

    Title:

    Source:

    Date:

    Brief summary of source:

    Brief discussion of how source will apply to your essay:

    4.
    **SIRS**

    Author:

    Title:

    Source:

    Date:

    Brief summary of source:

    Brief discussion of how source will apply to your essay:

    5.
    **Facts on File or NewsBank: Access World News**

    Author:

    Title:

    Source:

    Date:

    Brief summary of source:

    Brief discussion of how source will apply to your essay:

    © Kara Beary and Indian Hills Community College

    Page 2 of 2

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    If you were to give a box of 100 different photographs to 10 people and ask them to sort them
    into groups, it is very unlikely that all 10 people would sort them into the exact same groups.
    However, if you were to give them a series of questions or a classification system to use, the
    chances that all 10 people sort them exactly the same would increase.

    This is not unlike the process of classifying mental disorders. Mental health professionals in the
    United States (e.g., doctors, psychologists) who assess and diagnose mental disorders use the

    CULTURAL IDIOMS OF
    DISTRESS/CULTURAL SYNDROMES

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    classification system provided in a book called the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
    Disorders, Text Revision (5th ed.), usually abbreviated as the DSM-5-TR. This system attempts to
    provide enough specificity to appropriately classify a large variety of mental disorders while also
    attempting to include all possible symptoms. This is a daunting task because symptoms can
    change over time or vary between cultures.

    As you are now aware, different cultural contexts result in varied constructs in terms of how we
    think about concepts like intelligence, emotions, and social behavior. Different cultures may
    understand and relate to psychological disorders such as anxiety, schizophrenia, and substance
    abuse differently as well. There are also some syndromes, such as mal de ojo (“evil eye”) and
    hikikomori (“protracted and severe social withdrawal”), that are found only in specific cultures.
    There is no one-to-one correspondence between a cultural syndrome and a DSM diagnosis.
    However, a psychologist would need to utilize a respected diagnostic tool like the DSM as a
    starting point in determining the most appropriate treatment for a suffering person. The
    challenge is to connect the DSM system, which allows mental health professionals all over the
    world to communicate effectively, with different cultural perspectives. It is not an easy task!

    Your Discussion this week is an opportunity to think like a mental health professional while
    applying what you have learned about cross-cultural psychology. For this Discussion, you will
    explore different cultural syndromes and analyze the application of DSM-5-TR diagnostic criteria
    to them. You will be asked to reflect critically on how cultural syndromes compare with western
    disorders and their usefulness in therapeutic settings.

    Review this week’s Learning Resources and specifically pay attention to the Writing Center
    Resources that will guide you as you use evidence to support your post and response to this

    RESOURCES

    Be sure to review the Learning Resources before completing this activity.
    Click the weekly resources link to access the resources.

    WEEKLY RESOURCES

    (https://waldenu.instructure.com/courses/155407/modules/items/6184148)

    TO PREPARE:

    [https://waldenu.instructure.com/courses/155407/modules/items/6184148](https://waldenu.instructure.com/courses/155407/modules/items/6184148)

    [https://waldenu.instructure.com/courses/155407/modules/items/6184148](https://waldenu.instructure.com/courses/155407/modules/items/6184148)

    Discussion. Also review the “Common Assignments: Discussion Posts” resource to guide you as
    develop your skills further in writing effective Discussion posts and responses.
    As you review the assigned sections of the DSM, reflect on cultural syndromes. Selecting one or
    more cultural syndromes as an example, consider:

    What’s the primary feature of this cultural syndrome?
    What are related Western disorders and their prominent symptoms?
    What are the key overlaps you see when examining descriptions of cultural syndromes?

    Post the following:

    Select a cultural syndrome and post the following:

    Describe the primary feature of this cultural syndrome.

    Describe at least two related Western disorders and their prominent symptoms.
    Explain two key overlapping features you see when examining descriptions of cultural syndromes.
    Explain how having an understanding of cultural syndromes can be used in therapeutic settings.

    Support the responses within your assignment post with credited evidence from the assigned
    learning resources (including sentence-level citations). Provide a reference list in APA Style for
    resources you used in the post.

    Note: For this Discussion, you are required to complete your initial post before you will be
    able to view and respond to your colleagues' postings. Begin by clicking on
    the Reply button to complete your initial post. Remember, once you click on Post Reply,
    you cannot delete or edit your own posts and you cannot post anonymously. Please
    check your post carefully before clicking on Post Reply!

    Respond to at least one of your colleagues’ posts and discuss your views and provide additional
    insights. Use the Learning Resources from this week as evidence to support your response.

    Support the responses within your colleague reply with credited evidence from the assigned learning
    resources (e.g., including sentence-level citations). Provide a reference list in APA Style for resources
    you used in the post.

    BY DAY 3

    BY DAY 5

    Reply

    **## Week5_LearningResources_Cross-CulturalPsychology-Spring2025.pdf**

    LEARNING RESOURCES

    Required Readings

    Shiraev, E. B., & Levy, D. A. (2024). Cross-cultural psychology: Critical thinking and
    contemporary applications (8th ed.). Routledge/Taylor & Francis.

    Chapter 9, “Psychological Disorders” (pp. 361–410)

    Chapter 10, “Social Perception, Social Cognition, and Social Interaction” (pp. 411–457)

    DSM-5 TR: Cultural Syndromes and Cultural Idioms of Distress

    The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, or DSM, is the primary diagnostic
    resource used by health professionals to evaluate, diagnose, and treat psychological disorders.
    The following two sections from the book include discussions of how to integrate culture and
    social context into mental health diagnoses. This includes how individuals from different cultures
    express illness and distress and examples of cultural syndromes that overlap with DSM disorders.
    In addition, explore other sections of the DSM-5 TR to familiarize yourself with the various
    psychological disorders and their diagnostic criteria.

    American Psychiatric Association. (2022). Cultural formation
    (https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?
    url=https://dsm.psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787.Culture_and_Psy
    chiatric_Diagnosis) . In Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, text revision (5th
    ed. TR). Author.

    American Psychiatric Association. (2022). Cultural concepts of distress
    (https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?
    url=https%3A%2F%2Fdsm.psychiatryonline.org%2Fdoi%2Ffull%2F10.1176%2Fappi.books.978089
    0425787.Culture_and_Psychiatric_Diagnosis%23×38387.2952429) . In Diagnostic and statistical
    manual of mental disorders, text revision (5th ed.TR). Author.

    Writing Resources

    OASIS. (n.d.). Paraphrase and summarize information
    (https://academics.waldenu.edu/writing/paraphrase-summarize) [Interactive guide]. Walden
    University. https://academics.waldenu.edu/writing/paraphrase-summarize

    Walden University Writing Center. (n.d.). APA style: Overview
    (http://writingcenter.waldenu.edu/APA.htm) . http://writingcenter.waldenu.edu/APA.htm

    Walden University Writing Center. (n.d.). Using evidence: Overview
    (https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/evidence/) .
    https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/evidence/

    [https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https://dsm.psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787.Culture_and_Psychiatric_Diagnosis](https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https://dsm.psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787.Culture_and_Psychiatric_Diagnosis)

    [https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https://dsm.psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787.Culture_and_Psychiatric_Diagnosis](https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https://dsm.psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787.Culture_and_Psychiatric_Diagnosis)

    [https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https://dsm.psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787.Culture_and_Psychiatric_Diagnosis](https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https://dsm.psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787.Culture_and_Psychiatric_Diagnosis)

    [https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https://dsm.psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787.Culture_and_Psychiatric_Diagnosis](https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https://dsm.psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787.Culture_and_Psychiatric_Diagnosis)

    [https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https://dsm.psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787.Culture_and_Psychiatric_Diagnosis](https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https://dsm.psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787.Culture_and_Psychiatric_Diagnosis)

    [https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https://dsm.psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787.Culture_and_Psychiatric_Diagnosis](https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https://dsm.psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787.Culture_and_Psychiatric_Diagnosis)

    [https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https%3A%2F%2Fdsm.psychiatryonline.org%2Fdoi%2Ffull%2F10.1176%2Fappi.books.9780890425787.Culture_and_Psychiatric_Diagnosis%23×38387.2952429](https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https%3A%2F%2Fdsm.psychiatryonline.org%2Fdoi%2Ffull%2F10.1176%2Fappi.books.9780890425787.Culture_and_Psychiatric_Diagnosis%23×38387.2952429)

    [https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https%3A%2F%2Fdsm.psychiatryonline.org%2Fdoi%2Ffull%2F10.1176%2Fappi.books.9780890425787.Culture_and_Psychiatric_Diagnosis%23×38387.2952429](https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https%3A%2F%2Fdsm.psychiatryonline.org%2Fdoi%2Ffull%2F10.1176%2Fappi.books.9780890425787.Culture_and_Psychiatric_Diagnosis%23×38387.2952429)

    [https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https%3A%2F%2Fdsm.psychiatryonline.org%2Fdoi%2Ffull%2F10.1176%2Fappi.books.9780890425787.Culture_and_Psychiatric_Diagnosis%23×38387.2952429](https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https%3A%2F%2Fdsm.psychiatryonline.org%2Fdoi%2Ffull%2F10.1176%2Fappi.books.9780890425787.Culture_and_Psychiatric_Diagnosis%23×38387.2952429)

    [https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https%3A%2F%2Fdsm.psychiatryonline.org%2Fdoi%2Ffull%2F10.1176%2Fappi.books.9780890425787.Culture_and_Psychiatric_Diagnosis%23×38387.2952429](https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https%3A%2F%2Fdsm.psychiatryonline.org%2Fdoi%2Ffull%2F10.1176%2Fappi.books.9780890425787.Culture_and_Psychiatric_Diagnosis%23×38387.2952429)

    [https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https%3A%2F%2Fdsm.psychiatryonline.org%2Fdoi%2Ffull%2F10.1176%2Fappi.books.9780890425787.Culture_and_Psychiatric_Diagnosis%23×38387.2952429](https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https%3A%2F%2Fdsm.psychiatryonline.org%2Fdoi%2Ffull%2F10.1176%2Fappi.books.9780890425787.Culture_and_Psychiatric_Diagnosis%23×38387.2952429)

    [https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https%3A%2F%2Fdsm.psychiatryonline.org%2Fdoi%2Ffull%2F10.1176%2Fappi.books.9780890425787.Culture_and_Psychiatric_Diagnosis%23×38387.2952429](https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https%3A%2F%2Fdsm.psychiatryonline.org%2Fdoi%2Ffull%2F10.1176%2Fappi.books.9780890425787.Culture_and_Psychiatric_Diagnosis%23×38387.2952429)

    [https://academics.waldenu.edu/writing/paraphrase-summarize](https://academics.waldenu.edu/writing/paraphrase-summarize)

    [https://academics.waldenu.edu/writing/paraphrase-summarize](https://academics.waldenu.edu/writing/paraphrase-summarize)

    [https://academics.waldenu.edu/writing/paraphrase-summarize](https://academics.waldenu.edu/writing/paraphrase-summarize)

    [https://academics.waldenu.edu/writing/paraphrase-summarize](https://academics.waldenu.edu/writing/paraphrase-summarize)

    [http://writingcenter.waldenu.edu/APA.htm](http://writingcenter.waldenu.edu/APA.htm)

    [http://writingcenter.waldenu.edu/APA.htm](http://writingcenter.waldenu.edu/APA.htm)

    [http://writingcenter.waldenu.edu/APA.htm](http://writingcenter.waldenu.edu/APA.htm)

    [http://writingcenter.waldenu.edu/APA.htm](http://writingcenter.waldenu.edu/APA.htm)

    [https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/evidence/](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/evidence/)

    [https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/evidence/](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/evidence/)

    [https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/evidence/](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/evidence/)

    [https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/evidence/](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/evidence/)

    [https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/assignments/discussionpost](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/assignments/discussionpost)

    [https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/assignments/discussionpost](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/assignments/discussionpost)

    Walden University Writing Center (n.d.). Common assignments: Discussion posts
    (https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/assignments/discussionpost) .
    https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/assignments/discussionpost

    Walden University Writing Center. (n.d.). Walden Templates: General templates.
    (https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/templates/general)
    https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/templates/general

    Note: As you review this webpage, you will find different types of Walden templates to help
    guide you through your writing. For this course, you will focus on using the “Undergraduate
    Paper with Advice APA 7” course template for undergraduate courses.

    [https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/assignments/discussionpost](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/assignments/discussionpost)

    [https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/assignments/discussionpost](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/assignments/discussionpost)

    [https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/assignments/discussionpost](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/assignments/discussionpost)

    [https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/assignments/discussionpost](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/assignments/discussionpost)

    [https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/templates/general](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/templates/general)

    [https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/templates/general](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/templates/general)

    [https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/templates/general](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/templates/general)

    [https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/templates/general](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/templates/general)

    **## Week5_LearningResources_Cross-CulturalPsychology-Spring2025.pdf**

    LEARNING RESOURCES

    Required Readings

    Shiraev, E. B., & Levy, D. A. (2024). Cross-cultural psychology: Critical thinking and
    contemporary applications (8th ed.). Routledge/Taylor & Francis.

    Chapter 9, “Psychological Disorders” (pp. 361–410)

    Chapter 10, “Social Perception, Social Cognition, and Social Interaction” (pp. 411–457)

    DSM-5 TR: Cultural Syndromes and Cultural Idioms of Distress

    The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, or DSM, is the primary diagnostic
    resource used by health professionals to evaluate, diagnose, and treat psychological disorders.
    The following two sections from the book include discussions of how to integrate culture and
    social context into mental health diagnoses. This includes how individuals from different cultures
    express illness and distress and examples of cultural syndromes that overlap with DSM disorders.
    In addition, explore other sections of the DSM-5 TR to familiarize yourself with the various
    psychological disorders and their diagnostic criteria.

    American Psychiatric Association. (2022). Cultural formation
    (https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?
    url=https://dsm.psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787.Culture_and_Psy
    chiatric_Diagnosis) . In Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, text revision (5th
    ed. TR). Author.

    American Psychiatric Association. (2022). Cultural concepts of distress
    (https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?
    url=https%3A%2F%2Fdsm.psychiatryonline.org%2Fdoi%2Ffull%2F10.1176%2Fappi.books.978089
    0425787.Culture_and_Psychiatric_Diagnosis%23×38387.2952429) . In Diagnostic and statistical
    manual of mental disorders, text revision (5th ed.TR). Author.

    Writing Resources

    OASIS. (n.d.). Paraphrase and summarize information
    (https://academics.waldenu.edu/writing/paraphrase-summarize) [Interactive guide]. Walden
    University. https://academics.waldenu.edu/writing/paraphrase-summarize

    Walden University Writing Center. (n.d.). APA style: Overview
    (http://writingcenter.waldenu.edu/APA.htm) . http://writingcenter.waldenu.edu/APA.htm

    Walden University Writing Center. (n.d.). Using evidence: Overview
    (https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/evidence/) .
    https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/evidence/

    [https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https://dsm.psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787.Culture_and_Psychiatric_Diagnosis](https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https://dsm.psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787.Culture_and_Psychiatric_Diagnosis)

    [https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https://dsm.psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787.Culture_and_Psychiatric_Diagnosis](https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https://dsm.psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787.Culture_and_Psychiatric_Diagnosis)

    [https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https://dsm.psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787.Culture_and_Psychiatric_Diagnosis](https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https://dsm.psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787.Culture_and_Psychiatric_Diagnosis)

    [https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https://dsm.psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787.Culture_and_Psychiatric_Diagnosis](https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https://dsm.psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787.Culture_and_Psychiatric_Diagnosis)

    [https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https://dsm.psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787.Culture_and_Psychiatric_Diagnosis](https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https://dsm.psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787.Culture_and_Psychiatric_Diagnosis)

    [https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https://dsm.psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787.Culture_and_Psychiatric_Diagnosis](https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https://dsm.psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787.Culture_and_Psychiatric_Diagnosis)

    [https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https%3A%2F%2Fdsm.psychiatryonline.org%2Fdoi%2Ffull%2F10.1176%2Fappi.books.9780890425787.Culture_and_Psychiatric_Diagnosis%23×38387.2952429](https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https%3A%2F%2Fdsm.psychiatryonline.org%2Fdoi%2Ffull%2F10.1176%2Fappi.books.9780890425787.Culture_and_Psychiatric_Diagnosis%23×38387.2952429)

    [https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https%3A%2F%2Fdsm.psychiatryonline.org%2Fdoi%2Ffull%2F10.1176%2Fappi.books.9780890425787.Culture_and_Psychiatric_Diagnosis%23×38387.2952429](https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https%3A%2F%2Fdsm.psychiatryonline.org%2Fdoi%2Ffull%2F10.1176%2Fappi.books.9780890425787.Culture_and_Psychiatric_Diagnosis%23×38387.2952429)

    [https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https%3A%2F%2Fdsm.psychiatryonline.org%2Fdoi%2Ffull%2F10.1176%2Fappi.books.9780890425787.Culture_and_Psychiatric_Diagnosis%23×38387.2952429](https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https%3A%2F%2Fdsm.psychiatryonline.org%2Fdoi%2Ffull%2F10.1176%2Fappi.books.9780890425787.Culture_and_Psychiatric_Diagnosis%23×38387.2952429)

    [https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https%3A%2F%2Fdsm.psychiatryonline.org%2Fdoi%2Ffull%2F10.1176%2Fappi.books.9780890425787.Culture_and_Psychiatric_Diagnosis%23×38387.2952429](https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https%3A%2F%2Fdsm.psychiatryonline.org%2Fdoi%2Ffull%2F10.1176%2Fappi.books.9780890425787.Culture_and_Psychiatric_Diagnosis%23×38387.2952429)

    [https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https%3A%2F%2Fdsm.psychiatryonline.org%2Fdoi%2Ffull%2F10.1176%2Fappi.books.9780890425787.Culture_and_Psychiatric_Diagnosis%23×38387.2952429](https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https%3A%2F%2Fdsm.psychiatryonline.org%2Fdoi%2Ffull%2F10.1176%2Fappi.books.9780890425787.Culture_and_Psychiatric_Diagnosis%23×38387.2952429)

    [https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https%3A%2F%2Fdsm.psychiatryonline.org%2Fdoi%2Ffull%2F10.1176%2Fappi.books.9780890425787.Culture_and_Psychiatric_Diagnosis%23×38387.2952429](https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https%3A%2F%2Fdsm.psychiatryonline.org%2Fdoi%2Ffull%2F10.1176%2Fappi.books.9780890425787.Culture_and_Psychiatric_Diagnosis%23×38387.2952429)

    [https://academics.waldenu.edu/writing/paraphrase-summarize](https://academics.waldenu.edu/writing/paraphrase-summarize)

    [https://academics.waldenu.edu/writing/paraphrase-summarize](https://academics.waldenu.edu/writing/paraphrase-summarize)

    [https://academics.waldenu.edu/writing/paraphrase-summarize](https://academics.waldenu.edu/writing/paraphrase-summarize)

    [https://academics.waldenu.edu/writing/paraphrase-summarize](https://academics.waldenu.edu/writing/paraphrase-summarize)

    [http://writingcenter.waldenu.edu/APA.htm](http://writingcenter.waldenu.edu/APA.htm)

    [http://writingcenter.waldenu.edu/APA.htm](http://writingcenter.waldenu.edu/APA.htm)

    [http://writingcenter.waldenu.edu/APA.htm](http://writingcenter.waldenu.edu/APA.htm)

    [http://writingcenter.waldenu.edu/APA.htm](http://writingcenter.waldenu.edu/APA.htm)

    [https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/evidence/](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/evidence/)

    [https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/evidence/](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/evidence/)

    [https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/evidence/](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/evidence/)

    [https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/evidence/](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/evidence/)

    [https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/assignments/discussionpost](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/assignments/discussionpost)

    [https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/assignments/discussionpost](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/assignments/discussionpost)

    Walden University Writing Center (n.d.). Common assignments: Discussion posts
    (https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/assignments/discussionpost) .
    https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/assignments/discussionpost

    Walden University Writing Center. (n.d.). Walden Templates: General templates.
    (https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/templates/general)
    https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/templates/general

    Note: As you review this webpage, you will find different types of Walden templates to help
    guide you through your writing. For this course, you will focus on using the “Undergraduate
    Paper with Advice APA 7” course template for undergraduate courses.

    [https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/assignments/discussionpost](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/assignments/discussionpost)

    [https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/assignments/discussionpost](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/assignments/discussionpost)

    [https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/assignments/discussionpost](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/assignments/discussionpost)

    [https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/assignments/discussionpost](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/assignments/discussionpost)

    [https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/templates/general](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/templates/general)

    [https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/templates/general](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/templates/general)

    [https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/templates/general](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/templates/general)

    [https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/templates/general](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/templates/general)

    **## Topic_Week5_Discussion.pdf**

    You must post before seeing replies. Edit history will be available to instructors.

    Due Mar 26 60 points

    View Split Screen

    All

    Search entries or author…

    Newest First

    Back to Week at a Glance
    (https://waldenu.instructure.com/courses/155407/modules/items/618414

    If you were to give a box of 100 different photographs to 10 people and ask them to sort them
    into groups, it is very unlikely that all 10 people would sort them into the exact same groups.
    However, if you were to give them a series of questions or a classification system to use, the
    chances that all 10 people sort them exactly the same would increase.

    This is not unlike the process of classifying mental disorders. Mental health professionals in the
    United States (e.g., doctors, psychologists) who assess and diagnose mental disorders use the

    CULTURAL IDIOMS OF
    DISTRESS/CULTURAL SYNDROMES

    (https://cdn-

    media.waldenu.edu/2dett4d/Walden/Canvas/Getty/1920×938/GettyLicense_764784593.jpg)

    [https://waldenu.instructure.com/courses/155407/modules/items/6184143](https://waldenu.instructure.com/courses/155407/modules/items/6184143)

    [https://waldenu.instructure.com/courses/155407/modules/items/6184143](https://waldenu.instructure.com/courses/155407/modules/items/6184143)

    [https://cdn-media.waldenu.edu/2dett4d/Walden/Canvas/Getty/1920×938/GettyLicense_764784593.jpg](https://cdn-media.waldenu.edu/2dett4d/Walden/Canvas/Getty/1920×938/GettyLicense_764784593.jpg)

    [https://cdn-media.waldenu.edu/2dett4d/Walden/Canvas/Getty/1920×938/GettyLicense_764784593.jpg](https://cdn-media.waldenu.edu/2dett4d/Walden/Canvas/Getty/1920×938/GettyLicense_764784593.jpg)

    [https://cdn-media.waldenu.edu/2dett4d/Walden/Canvas/Getty/1920×938/GettyLicense_764784593.jpg](https://cdn-media.waldenu.edu/2dett4d/Walden/Canvas/Getty/1920×938/GettyLicense_764784593.jpg)

    classification system provided in a book called the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
    Disorders, Text Revision (5th ed.), usually abbreviated as the DSM-5-TR. This system attempts to
    provide enough specificity to appropriately classify a large variety of mental disorders while also
    attempting to include all possible symptoms. This is a daunting task because symptoms can
    change over time or vary between cultures.

    As you are now aware, different cultural contexts result in varied constructs in terms of how we
    think about concepts like intelligence, emotions, and social behavior. Different cultures may
    understand and relate to psychological disorders such as anxiety, schizophrenia, and substance
    abuse differently as well. There are also some syndromes, such as mal de ojo (“evil eye”) and
    hikikomori (“protracted and severe social withdrawal”), that are found only in specific cultures.
    There is no one-to-one correspondence between a cultural syndrome and a DSM diagnosis.
    However, a psychologist would need to utilize a respected diagnostic tool like the DSM as a
    starting point in determining the most appropriate treatment for a suffering person. The
    challenge is to connect the DSM system, which allows mental health professionals all over the
    world to communicate effectively, with different cultural perspectives. It is not an easy task!

    Your Discussion this week is an opportunity to think like a mental health professional while
    applying what you have learned about cross-cultural psychology. For this Discussion, you will
    explore different cultural syndromes and analyze the application of DSM-5-TR diagnostic criteria
    to them. You will be asked to reflect critically on how cultural syndromes compare with western
    disorders and their usefulness in therapeutic settings.

    Review this week’s Learning Resources and specifically pay attention to the Writing Center
    Resources that will guide you as you use evidence to support your post and response to this

    RESOURCES

    Be sure to review the Learning Resources before completing this activity.
    Click the weekly resources link to access the resources.

    WEEKLY RESOURCES

    (https://waldenu.instructure.com/courses/155407/modules/items/6184148)

    TO PREPARE:

    [https://waldenu.instructure.com/courses/155407/modules/items/6184148](https://waldenu.instructure.com/courses/155407/modules/items/6184148)

    [https://waldenu.instructure.com/courses/155407/modules/items/6184148](https://waldenu.instructure.com/courses/155407/modules/items/6184148)

    Discussion. Also review the “Common Assignments: Discussion Posts” resource to guide you as
    develop your skills further in writing effective Discussion posts and responses.
    As you review the assigned sections of the DSM, reflect on cultural syndromes. Selecting one or
    more cultural syndromes as an example, consider:

    What’s the primary feature of this cultural syndrome?
    What are related Western disorders and their prominent symptoms?
    What are the key overlaps you see when examining descriptions of cultural syndromes?

    Post the following:

    Select a cultural syndrome and post the following:

    Describe the primary feature of this cultural syndrome.

    Describe at least two related Western disorders and their prominent symptoms.
    Explain two key overlapping features you see when examining descriptions of cultural syndromes.
    Explain how having an understanding of cultural syndromes can be used in therapeutic settings.

    Support the responses within your assignment post with credited evidence from the assigned
    learning resources (including sentence-level citations). Provide a reference list in APA Style for
    resources you used in the post.

    Note: For this Discussion, you are required to complete your initial post before you will be
    able to view and respond to your colleagues' postings. Begin by clicking on
    the Reply button to complete your initial post. Remember, once you click on Post Reply,
    you cannot delete or edit your own posts and you cannot post anonymously. Please
    check your post carefully before clicking on Post Reply!

    Respond to at least one of your colleagues’ posts and discuss your views and provide additional
    insights. Use the Learning Resources from this week as evidence to support your response.

    Support the responses within your colleague reply with credited evidence from the assigned learning
    resources (e.g., including sentence-level citations). Provide a reference list in APA Style for resources
    you used in the post.

    BY DAY 3

    BY DAY 5

    Reply

    **## Week5_LearningResources_Cross-CulturalPsychology-Spring2025.pdf**

    LEARNING RESOURCES

    Required Readings

    Shiraev, E. B., & Levy, D. A. (2024). Cross-cultural psychology: Critical thinking and
    contemporary applications (8th ed.). Routledge/Taylor & Francis.

    Chapter 9, “Psychological Disorders” (pp. 361–410)

    Chapter 10, “Social Perception, Social Cognition, and Social Interaction” (pp. 411–457)

    DSM-5 TR: Cultural Syndromes and Cultural Idioms of Distress

    The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, or DSM, is the primary diagnostic
    resource used by health professionals to evaluate, diagnose, and treat psychological disorders.
    The following two sections from the book include discussions of how to integrate culture and
    social context into mental health diagnoses. This includes how individuals from different cultures
    express illness and distress and examples of cultural syndromes that overlap with DSM disorders.
    In addition, explore other sections of the DSM-5 TR to familiarize yourself with the various
    psychological disorders and their diagnostic criteria.

    American Psychiatric Association. (2022). Cultural formation
    (https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?
    url=https://dsm.psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787.Culture_and_Psy
    chiatric_Diagnosis) . In Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, text revision (5th
    ed. TR). Author.

    American Psychiatric Association. (2022). Cultural concepts of distress
    (https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?
    url=https%3A%2F%2Fdsm.psychiatryonline.org%2Fdoi%2Ffull%2F10.1176%2Fappi.books.978089
    0425787.Culture_and_Psychiatric_Diagnosis%23×38387.2952429) . In Diagnostic and statistical
    manual of mental disorders, text revision (5th ed.TR). Author.

    Writing Resources

    OASIS. (n.d.). Paraphrase and summarize information
    (https://academics.waldenu.edu/writing/paraphrase-summarize) [Interactive guide]. Walden
    University. https://academics.waldenu.edu/writing/paraphrase-summarize

    Walden University Writing Center. (n.d.). APA style: Overview
    (http://writingcenter.waldenu.edu/APA.htm) . http://writingcenter.waldenu.edu/APA.htm

    Walden University Writing Center. (n.d.). Using evidence: Overview
    (https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/evidence/) .
    https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/evidence/

    [https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https://dsm.psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787.Culture_and_Psychiatric_Diagnosis](https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https://dsm.psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787.Culture_and_Psychiatric_Diagnosis)

    [https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https://dsm.psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787.Culture_and_Psychiatric_Diagnosis](https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https://dsm.psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787.Culture_and_Psychiatric_Diagnosis)

    [https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https://dsm.psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787.Culture_and_Psychiatric_Diagnosis](https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https://dsm.psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787.Culture_and_Psychiatric_Diagnosis)

    [https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https://dsm.psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787.Culture_and_Psychiatric_Diagnosis](https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https://dsm.psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787.Culture_and_Psychiatric_Diagnosis)

    [https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https://dsm.psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787.Culture_and_Psychiatric_Diagnosis](https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https://dsm.psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787.Culture_and_Psychiatric_Diagnosis)

    [https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https://dsm.psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787.Culture_and_Psychiatric_Diagnosis](https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https://dsm.psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787.Culture_and_Psychiatric_Diagnosis)

    [https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https%3A%2F%2Fdsm.psychiatryonline.org%2Fdoi%2Ffull%2F10.1176%2Fappi.books.9780890425787.Culture_and_Psychiatric_Diagnosis%23×38387.2952429](https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https%3A%2F%2Fdsm.psychiatryonline.org%2Fdoi%2Ffull%2F10.1176%2Fappi.books.9780890425787.Culture_and_Psychiatric_Diagnosis%23×38387.2952429)

    [https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https%3A%2F%2Fdsm.psychiatryonline.org%2Fdoi%2Ffull%2F10.1176%2Fappi.books.9780890425787.Culture_and_Psychiatric_Diagnosis%23×38387.2952429](https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https%3A%2F%2Fdsm.psychiatryonline.org%2Fdoi%2Ffull%2F10.1176%2Fappi.books.9780890425787.Culture_and_Psychiatric_Diagnosis%23×38387.2952429)

    [https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https%3A%2F%2Fdsm.psychiatryonline.org%2Fdoi%2Ffull%2F10.1176%2Fappi.books.9780890425787.Culture_and_Psychiatric_Diagnosis%23×38387.2952429](https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https%3A%2F%2Fdsm.psychiatryonline.org%2Fdoi%2Ffull%2F10.1176%2Fappi.books.9780890425787.Culture_and_Psychiatric_Diagnosis%23×38387.2952429)

    [https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https%3A%2F%2Fdsm.psychiatryonline.org%2Fdoi%2Ffull%2F10.1176%2Fappi.books.9780890425787.Culture_and_Psychiatric_Diagnosis%23×38387.2952429](https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https%3A%2F%2Fdsm.psychiatryonline.org%2Fdoi%2Ffull%2F10.1176%2Fappi.books.9780890425787.Culture_and_Psychiatric_Diagnosis%23×38387.2952429)

    [https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https%3A%2F%2Fdsm.psychiatryonline.org%2Fdoi%2Ffull%2F10.1176%2Fappi.books.9780890425787.Culture_and_Psychiatric_Diagnosis%23×38387.2952429](https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https%3A%2F%2Fdsm.psychiatryonline.org%2Fdoi%2Ffull%2F10.1176%2Fappi.books.9780890425787.Culture_and_Psychiatric_Diagnosis%23×38387.2952429)

    [https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https%3A%2F%2Fdsm.psychiatryonline.org%2Fdoi%2Ffull%2F10.1176%2Fappi.books.9780890425787.Culture_and_Psychiatric_Diagnosis%23×38387.2952429](https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https%3A%2F%2Fdsm.psychiatryonline.org%2Fdoi%2Ffull%2F10.1176%2Fappi.books.9780890425787.Culture_and_Psychiatric_Diagnosis%23×38387.2952429)

    [https://academics.waldenu.edu/writing/paraphrase-summarize](https://academics.waldenu.edu/writing/paraphrase-summarize)

    [https://academics.waldenu.edu/writing/paraphrase-summarize](https://academics.waldenu.edu/writing/paraphrase-summarize)

    [https://academics.waldenu.edu/writing/paraphrase-summarize](https://academics.waldenu.edu/writing/paraphrase-summarize)

    [https://academics.waldenu.edu/writing/paraphrase-summarize](https://academics.waldenu.edu/writing/paraphrase-summarize)

    [http://writingcenter.waldenu.edu/APA.htm](http://writingcenter.waldenu.edu/APA.htm)

    [http://writingcenter.waldenu.edu/APA.htm](http://writingcenter.waldenu.edu/APA.htm)

    [http://writingcenter.waldenu.edu/APA.htm](http://writingcenter.waldenu.edu/APA.htm)

    [http://writingcenter.waldenu.edu/APA.htm](http://writingcenter.waldenu.edu/APA.htm)

    [https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/evidence/](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/evidence/)

    [https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/evidence/](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/evidence/)

    [https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/evidence/](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/evidence/)

    [https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/evidence/](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/evidence/)

    [https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/assignments/discussionpost](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/assignments/discussionpost)

    [https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/assignments/discussionpost](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/assignments/discussionpost)

    Walden University Writing Center (n.d.). Common assignments: Discussion posts
    (https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/assignments/discussionpost) .
    https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/assignments/discussionpost

    Walden University Writing Center. (n.d.). Walden Templates: General templates.
    (https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/templates/general)
    https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/templates/general

    Note: As you review this webpage, you will find different types of Walden templates to help
    guide you through your writing. For this course, you will focus on using the “Undergraduate
    Paper with Advice APA 7” course template for undergraduate courses.

    [https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/assignments/discussionpost](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/assignments/discussionpost)

    [https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/assignments/discussionpost](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/assignments/discussionpost)

    [https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/assignments/discussionpost](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/assignments/discussionpost)

    [https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/assignments/discussionpost](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/assignments/discussionpost)

    [https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/templates/general](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/templates/general)

    [https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/templates/general](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/templates/general)

    [https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/templates/general](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/templates/general)

    [https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/templates/general](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/templates/general)

    **## Topic_Week5_Discussion.pdf**

    You must post before seeing replies. Edit history will be available to instructors.

    Due Mar 26 60 points

    View Split Screen

    All

    Search entries or author…

    Newest First

    Back to Week at a Glance
    (https://waldenu.instructure.com/courses/155407/modules/items/618414

    If you were to give a box of 100 different photographs to 10 people and ask them to sort them
    into groups, it is very unlikely that all 10 people would sort them into the exact same groups.
    However, if you were to give them a series of questions or a classification system to use, the
    chances that all 10 people sort them exactly the same would increase.

    This is not unlike the process of classifying mental disorders. Mental health professionals in the
    United States (e.g., doctors, psychologists) who assess and diagnose mental disorders use the

    CULTURAL IDIOMS OF
    DISTRESS/CULTURAL SYNDROMES

    (https://cdn-

    media.waldenu.edu/2dett4d/Walden/Canvas/Getty/1920×938/GettyLicense_764784593.jpg)

    [https://waldenu.instructure.com/courses/155407/modules/items/6184143](https://waldenu.instructure.com/courses/155407/modules/items/6184143)

    [https://waldenu.instructure.com/courses/155407/modules/items/6184143](https://waldenu.instructure.com/courses/155407/modules/items/6184143)

    [https://cdn-media.waldenu.edu/2dett4d/Walden/Canvas/Getty/1920×938/GettyLicense_764784593.jpg](https://cdn-media.waldenu.edu/2dett4d/Walden/Canvas/Getty/1920×938/GettyLicense_764784593.jpg)

    [https://cdn-media.waldenu.edu/2dett4d/Walden/Canvas/Getty/1920×938/GettyLicense_764784593.jpg](https://cdn-media.waldenu.edu/2dett4d/Walden/Canvas/Getty/1920×938/GettyLicense_764784593.jpg)

    [https://cdn-media.waldenu.edu/2dett4d/Walden/Canvas/Getty/1920×938/GettyLicense_764784593.jpg](https://cdn-media.waldenu.edu/2dett4d/Walden/Canvas/Getty/1920×938/GettyLicense_764784593.jpg)

    classification system provided in a book called the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
    Disorders, Text Revision (5th ed.), usually abbreviated as the DSM-5-TR. This system attempts to
    provide enough specificity to appropriately classify a large variety of mental disorders while also
    attempting to include all possible symptoms. This is a daunting task because symptoms can
    change over time or vary between cultures.

    As you are now aware, different cultural contexts result in varied constructs in terms of how we
    think about concepts like intelligence, emotions, and social behavior. Different cultures may
    understand and relate to psychological disorders such as anxiety, schizophrenia, and substance
    abuse differently as well. There are also some syndromes, such as mal de ojo (“evil eye”) and
    hikikomori (“protracted and severe social withdrawal”), that are found only in specific cultures.
    There is no one-to-one correspondence between a cultural syndrome and a DSM diagnosis.
    However, a psychologist would need to utilize a respected diagnostic tool like the DSM as a
    starting point in determining the most appropriate treatment for a suffering person. The
    challenge is to connect the DSM system, which allows mental health professionals all over the
    world to communicate effectively, with different cultural perspectives. It is not an easy task!

    Your Discussion this week is an opportunity to think like a mental health professional while
    applying what you have learned about cross-cultural psychology. For this Discussion, you will
    explore different cultural syndromes and analyze the application of DSM-5-TR diagnostic criteria
    to them. You will be asked to reflect critically on how cultural syndromes compare with western
    disorders and their usefulness in therapeutic settings.

    Review this week’s Learning Resources and specifically pay attention to the Writing Center
    Resources that will guide you as you use evidence to support your post and response to this

    RESOURCES

    Be sure to review the Learning Resources before completing this activity.
    Click the weekly resources link to access the resources.

    WEEKLY RESOURCES

    (https://waldenu.instructure.com/courses/155407/modules/items/6184148)

    TO PREPARE:

    [https://waldenu.instructure.com/courses/155407/modules/items/6184148](https://waldenu.instructure.com/courses/155407/modules/items/6184148)

    [https://waldenu.instructure.com/courses/155407/modules/items/6184148](https://waldenu.instructure.com/courses/155407/modules/items/6184148)

    Discussion. Also review the “Common Assignments: Discussion Posts” resource to guide you as
    develop your skills further in writing effective Discussion posts and responses.
    As you review the assigned sections of the DSM, reflect on cultural syndromes. Selecting one or
    more cultural syndromes as an example, consider:

    What’s the primary feature of this cultural syndrome?
    What are related Western disorders and their prominent symptoms?
    What are the key overlaps you see when examining descriptions of cultural syndromes?

    Post the following:

    Select a cultural syndrome and post the following:

    Describe the primary feature of this cultural syndrome.

    Describe at least two related Western disorders and their prominent symptoms.
    Explain two key overlapping features you see when examining descriptions of cultural syndromes.
    Explain how having an understanding of cultural syndromes can be used in therapeutic settings.

    Support the responses within your assignment post with credited evidence from the assigned
    learning resources (including sentence-level citations). Provide a reference list in APA Style for
    resources you used in the post.

    Note: For this Discussion, you are required to complete your initial post before you will be
    able to view and respond to your colleagues' postings. Begin by clicking on
    the Reply button to complete your initial post. Remember, once you click on Post Reply,
    you cannot delete or edit your own posts and you cannot post anonymously. Please
    check your post carefully before clicking on Post Reply!

    Respond to at least one of your colleagues’ posts and discuss your views and provide additional
    insights. Use the Learning Resources from this week as evidence to support your response.

    Support the responses within your colleague reply with credited evidence from the assigned learning
    resources (e.g., including sentence-level citations). Provide a reference list in APA Style for resources
    you used in the post.

    BY DAY 3

    BY DAY 5

    Reply

    **## Week5_LearningResources_Cross-CulturalPsychology-Spring2025.pdf**

    LEARNING RESOURCES

    Required Readings

    Shiraev, E. B., & Levy, D. A. (2024). Cross-cultural psychology: Critical thinking and
    contemporary applications (8th ed.). Routledge/Taylor & Francis.

    Chapter 9, “Psychological Disorders” (pp. 361–410)

    Chapter 10, “Social Perception, Social Cognition, and Social Interaction” (pp. 411–457)

    DSM-5 TR: Cultural Syndromes and Cultural Idioms of Distress

    The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, or DSM, is the primary diagnostic
    resource used by health professionals to evaluate, diagnose, and treat psychological disorders.
    The following two sections from the book include discussions of how to integrate culture and
    social context into mental health diagnoses. This includes how individuals from different cultures
    express illness and distress and examples of cultural syndromes that overlap with DSM disorders.
    In addition, explore other sections of the DSM-5 TR to familiarize yourself with the various
    psychological disorders and their diagnostic criteria.

    American Psychiatric Association. (2022). Cultural formation
    (https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?
    url=https://dsm.psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787.Culture_and_Psy
    chiatric_Diagnosis) . In Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, text revision (5th
    ed. TR). Author.

    American Psychiatric Association. (2022). Cultural concepts of distress
    (https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?
    url=https%3A%2F%2Fdsm.psychiatryonline.org%2Fdoi%2Ffull%2F10.1176%2Fappi.books.978089
    0425787.Culture_and_Psychiatric_Diagnosis%23×38387.2952429) . In Diagnostic and statistical
    manual of mental disorders, text revision (5th ed.TR). Author.

    Writing Resources

    OASIS. (n.d.). Paraphrase and summarize information
    (https://academics.waldenu.edu/writing/paraphrase-summarize) [Interactive guide]. Walden
    University. https://academics.waldenu.edu/writing/paraphrase-summarize

    Walden University Writing Center. (n.d.). APA style: Overview
    (http://writingcenter.waldenu.edu/APA.htm) . http://writingcenter.waldenu.edu/APA.htm

    Walden University Writing Center. (n.d.). Using evidence: Overview
    (https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/evidence/) .
    https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/evidence/

    [https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https://dsm.psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787.Culture_and_Psychiatric_Diagnosis](https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https://dsm.psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787.Culture_and_Psychiatric_Diagnosis)

    [https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https://dsm.psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787.Culture_and_Psychiatric_Diagnosis](https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https://dsm.psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787.Culture_and_Psychiatric_Diagnosis)

    [https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https://dsm.psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787.Culture_and_Psychiatric_Diagnosis](https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https://dsm.psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787.Culture_and_Psychiatric_Diagnosis)

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    [https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https://dsm.psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787.Culture_and_Psychiatric_Diagnosis](https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https://dsm.psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787.Culture_and_Psychiatric_Diagnosis)

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    [https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https%3A%2F%2Fdsm.psychiatryonline.org%2Fdoi%2Ffull%2F10.1176%2Fappi.books.9780890425787.Culture_and_Psychiatric_Diagnosis%23×38387.2952429](https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https%3A%2F%2Fdsm.psychiatryonline.org%2Fdoi%2Ffull%2F10.1176%2Fappi.books.9780890425787.Culture_and_Psychiatric_Diagnosis%23×38387.2952429)

    [https://academics.waldenu.edu/writing/paraphrase-summarize](https://academics.waldenu.edu/writing/paraphrase-summarize)

    [https://academics.waldenu.edu/writing/paraphrase-summarize](https://academics.waldenu.edu/writing/paraphrase-summarize)

    [https://academics.waldenu.edu/writing/paraphrase-summarize](https://academics.waldenu.edu/writing/paraphrase-summarize)

    [https://academics.waldenu.edu/writing/paraphrase-summarize](https://academics.waldenu.edu/writing/paraphrase-summarize)

    [http://writingcenter.waldenu.edu/APA.htm](http://writingcenter.waldenu.edu/APA.htm)

    [http://writingcenter.waldenu.edu/APA.htm](http://writingcenter.waldenu.edu/APA.htm)

    [http://writingcenter.waldenu.edu/APA.htm](http://writingcenter.waldenu.edu/APA.htm)

    [http://writingcenter.waldenu.edu/APA.htm](http://writingcenter.waldenu.edu/APA.htm)

    [https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/evidence/](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/evidence/)

    [https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/evidence/](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/evidence/)

    [https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/evidence/](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/evidence/)

    [https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/evidence/](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/evidence/)

    [https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/assignments/discussionpost](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/assignments/discussionpost)

    [https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/assignments/discussionpost](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/assignments/discussionpost)

    Walden University Writing Center (n.d.). Common assignments: Discussion posts
    (https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/assignments/discussionpost) .
    https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/assignments/discussionpost

    Walden University Writing Center. (n.d.). Walden Templates: General templates.
    (https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/templates/general)
    https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/templates/general

    Note: As you review this webpage, you will find different types of Walden templates to help
    guide you through your writing. For this course, you will focus on using the “Undergraduate
    Paper with Advice APA 7” course template for undergraduate courses.

    [https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/assignments/discussionpost](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/assignments/discussionpost)

    [https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/assignments/discussionpost](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/assignments/discussionpost)

    [https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/assignments/discussionpost](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/assignments/discussionpost)

    [https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/assignments/discussionpost](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/assignments/discussionpost)

    [https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/templates/general](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/templates/general)

    [https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/templates/general](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/templates/general)

    [https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/templates/general](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/templates/general)

    [https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/templates/general](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/templates/general)