Assignment Prompt & Instructions
see attached files
**files (3)**
– ## IHITool_Aim-Statement-Worksheetforunit10.pdf
– ## Aiminstructions.docx
– ## PaperTemplatewithAIInputIncluded.docx
**## IHITool_Aim-Statement-Worksheetforunit10.pdf**
IHI TOOL
Aim Statement Worksheet
Copyright © 2019 Institute for Healthcare Improvement. All rights reserved. Individuals may photocopy these materials for educational, not-for-profit uses,
provided that the contents are not altered in any way and that proper attribution is given to IHI as the source of the content. These materials may not be reproduced
for commercial, for-profit use in any form or by any means, or republished under any circumstances, without the written permission of the Institute for Healthcare
Improvement.
What? What’s the problem or opportunity? Make sure it relates to a fundamental customer need.
How much? By how much will you improve? Or “how good” do you want to get?
By when? What is the date by which you will achieve the level of improvement you’ve set out to accomplish?
For whom? Who is the customer or population who will benefit from the improvement?
Where? What are the boundaries of the process or system you’re trying to improve? Where does it begin and end?
Complete aim statement:
Ask a colleague to double-check your work and recommend improvements:
q Is the problem or opportunity clearly stated?
q Do you know what the team is going to do about the problem?
q Has the team set a numerical goal to quantify the amount of improvement they’d like achieve?
q Do you know the calendar date by which the team plans to achieve the goal?
q Is it clear who will benefit from the improvement?
q Is the scope of the project clear?
q Do you know why this improvement effort is important?
Aim Statement Worksheet
An aim statement is the answer to the first question in the Model for Improvement, “What are we trying to accomplish?”
Effective aim statements delineate clear, specific plans for the work ahead.
Use the prompts below to write an effective aim statement. Then use the checklist to double-check your work.
IHI TOOL: Aim Statement Worksheet
Institute for Healthcare Improvement • ihi.org 2
01. Text1: E.g. Increase the percent of children who receive a Health Needs Assessment
02. Text2: E.g. 95% of children who should receive a Health Needs Assessment will receive one
03. Text3: E.g. January 31, 2020
04. Text4: E.g. Children under the age of 12 who have an initial referral to Child Protective Services
05. Text5: E.g. In Middlesex County
06. Text6: E.g. By January 31, 2020, of children under the age of 12 for whom a Health Needs Assessment is recommended, 95% will receive the assessment in Middlesex County.
07. Check Box15: Off
08. Check Box16: Off
09. Check Box17: Off
10. Check Box18: Off
11. Check Box19: Off
12. Check Box20: Off
13. Check Box21: Off
**## Aiminstructions.docx**
Due Sept.27th :The assignment is an
**academic paper formatted according to APA guidelines, including a title page, headings for each main section, proper in-text citations, and a references page. complete the assignment using the Template provided below. Must be less than 10% AI and similarity detection and I need the report!!!!**
In the last assignment you completed a Gap Analysis, selected a single Gap to examine deeper, examined root causes of that selected Gap, and formulated a Problem Statement.(Mine was Consistency of fall-risk assessment and reassessment in hospital or acute care setting).
For this assignment you will draft an adapted Aim Statement and identify a Theoretical/Explanatory Framework to guide the design of an improvement project to address the identified problem.
The assignment template includes the following sections:
·
**Introduction:** Begin with a relevant, cited statistic to draw the reader in, then introduce your topic and explain its importance. Write in third person; do not use first person in this paper. End the introduction with a purpose/thesis statement that identifies at least the two main points/sections your paper will address (e.g., "The purpose of this paper is to explore my practice problem of…"). The entire paper should be written in your authentic graduate-level voice and supported by full-text evidence throughout.
·
**Practice Setting:** Describe the practice setting where you identified the problem (current or prior). Include enough detail to frame the problem's context (e.g., outpatient or inpatient, urban or rural, facility and unit type, population served, staffing).
·
**Description of the Problem:** This section should be the most substantively developed in your paper and draw on the broadest range of evidence. Describe the problem using local observations or data from your practice setting (e.g., audits, metrics, incident reports, direct examples), and address its scope and significance, who is affected, and the clinical, safety, financial, or quality consequences if left unaddressed. Clearly state how current practice deviates from guidelines, evidence, or expected outcomes. Include evidence that this problem has also been identified in other practice settings, establishing it as a recognized issue in the literature rather than an isolated local concern. Briefly note the contributing context (e.g., workflow, staffing, or training gaps) without fully analyzing causation, as that deeper analysis belongs in the Framework section. Clearly establish the gap between current practice and best practice or performance benchmarks, since this gap is what your Problem Statement will later distill into a single sentence. Aim to synthesize at least
**4–6 scholarly sources from the last 5 years** (nursing and medical journals are great!) here, supporting every claim about scope, prevalence, or consequence with a citation.
·
**Problem Statement:** Write a succinct, single problem statement. Use the "Constructing a Problem Statement" document linked in the assignment instructions as a guide.
·
**Aim Statement:** Draft an Aim Statement that addresses only the one intervention you have selected — do not present or compare multiple intervention options in this section; that comparative work should already be resolved before you write this statement. Use IHI's Aim Statement worksheet (found in your assignment resources below) to guide your development of a clear, measurable, time-bound statement, but write this section in narrative form. Do not copy and paste the worksheet directly. Include:
· A timeframe for the improvement project process
· A description of your single, selected proposed intervention or change strategy
· A descriptor of the practice setting where the improvement project will occur
· The specific Aim and desired outcome of implementing that intervention
·
**Framework:** This section requires you to identify and apply frameworks to understand why your problem exists and what factors are driving it. The purpose here is not to describe how to implement or evaluate change, but to analyze the underlying behavioral, motivational, environmental, organizational, and system-level factors contributing to the problem.
· You will work with two related yet distinct types of frameworks:
·
**Explanatory Framework:** Identifies and organizes the specific variables or factors that cause or sustain the problem (e.g., workflow gaps, knowledge deficits, staffing patterns, communication breakdowns, or resource constraints). An explanatory framework answers the question, "What factors contribute to this problem, and how do they interact?"
·
**Theoretical Framework:** Provides the broader conceptual or disciplinary lens that explains why the problem exists at a more fundamental level, based on behaviors, motivation, or decision-making processes, and can help predict outcomes (e.g., Health Belief Model, Theory of Planned Behavior, Self-Determination Theory). It may also take the form of a conceptual model that illustrates relationships among core concepts in your topic (e.g., Technology Acceptance Model, Roy Adaptation Model). If no clear existing framework or model fits your problem, you may instead provide an in-depth framing of the concept grounded in the literature. Whichever form it takes, the framework must be supported by evidence.
_Note: Frameworks focused primarily on implementation or evaluation (e.g., PDSA, Lean, Six Sigma, Knowledge-to-Action, RE-AIM) or EBP models (e.g., Iowa Model) are not appropriate for this section because they describe how to implement or evaluate change, not why the problem exists._
·
**Conclusion:** Include a Conclusion section (Level 1 header, centered and bolded), typically one paragraph. Summarize the paper and restate its main points, including a restated or rephrased version of your purpose/thesis statement. Do not introduce new ideas or new cited information here — if you find yourself wanting to add cited information, move it to the appropriate earlier section instead. You may close by clarifying the paper’s intent and importance.
·
**References:** All references must be accessible and cited in the body of the paper, formatted in APA style.
· All references and supporting evidence must be independently verified, appropriately cited, and drawn from current scholarly literature with accessible full-text sources. Validate your opinions and ideas with proper APA citations throughout.
**Must download the pdf file of each reference source/ website you get information from and add it to the end of the paper!!!!!**
Assignment Resources
**Use the following resources to assist with this assignment (see other 2 files):**
·
[Problem Statement Instruction Sheet](https://herzing.instructure.com/courses/57058/files/15022292?wrap=1) [Download Problem Statement Instruction Sheet](https://herzing.instructure.com/courses/57058/files/15022292/download?download_frd=1)
·
[IHITool Aim-Statement Worksheet](https://herzing.instructure.com/courses/57058/files/15022513?wrap=1) [Download IHITool Aim-Statement Worksheet](https://herzing.instructure.com/courses/57058/files/15022513/download?download_frd=1) [PDF]
**Put information into the attached template format!!!**
Ethical Artificial Intelligence Use
You are expected to use AI ethically as a tool for idea generation and exploration:
1. Survey the literature using AI to identify a minimum of three potential explanatory and/or theoretical frameworks, models, or literature-based concepts that could help explain your problem.
2. Review the AI-generated output and select one primary framework (explanatory, theoretical, or a combined approach if justified) that best aligns with your identified practice problem and your selected intervention.
3. Synthesize what you learned into your own scholarly discussion, describing the framework you selected and discussing how it aligns with the elements of the problem and informs your project design. Write in your authentic graduate-level voice.
**## PaperTemplatewithAIInputIncluded.docx**
**Title of Paper**
Student Name
University
Nursing Practice
Faculty Name
Due Date
1
8
**Insert Title of Paper Here**
Tips for the Introduction: It is effective to open a paper with a statistic (supported with a citation) on the topic to grab the reader's attention. Then introduce the paper's topic and explain why it is important. End the introduction paragraph describing the purpose of the paper. Example: The purpose of this paper is to explore the identified practice problem of… (Include at least 2 main points/sections you will address in the body of your paper.) and describe the framework selected as the best fit to inform project design.
_One final note: this entire paper should be written in your authentic graduate-level voice and supported with full-text evidence._
**Practice Setting**
This section should describe the practice setting where you identified the problem. This could be your current or a prior practice setting, with sufficient detail to frame the problem's context (e.g., outpatient/inpatient, urban/rural, facility, unit type, population, staffing).
**Description of the Problem**
This section should be the most substantively developed in your paper, drawing on the broadest range of evidence.
**Describe the problem using local observations or data from your practice setting**(e.g., audits, metrics, incident reports, direct examples) and address its scope and significance, including who is affected and the clinical, safety, financial, or quality consequences if left unaddressed. Clearly state how current practice deviates from guidelines, evidence, or expected outcomes.
**Include evidence demonstrating that this problem has been identified in other practice settings, establishing it as a recognized issue in the literature rather than an isolated local concern.** Briefly note the contributing context (workflow, staffing, or training gaps) without fully analyzing causation, as that deeper analysis belongs in the Framework section. Clearly establish the gap between current practice and best practice or performance benchmarks, as this gap is what your Problem Statement will distill into a single sentence later. Aim to synthesize 4-6 scholarly sources here, supporting every claim about scope, prevalence, or consequence with a citation.
**Problem Statement**
This section should include a succinct problem statement, using the linked document “Constructing a Problem Statement” provided in the assignment instructions as a guide.
**Aim Statement**
This section should include your Aim statement relevant to the identified problem. Use IHI’s Aim Statement worksheet to guide your development of the elements of an adapted statement so that it is clear, measurable, and time-bound. Include a proposed intervention or change strategy. This section should be in narrative form, not a copy-and-paste of the worksheet.
**Framework Options Sourced from AI Engagement**
Use an ethical approach with AI to guide your construction of this section. You may use ChatGPT or any other AI platform you may be familiar with are already using. Numerous AI platforms offer free engagement which will be sufficient to complete this element of the assignment.
Below is the prompt you will utilize to generate your discussion for this section of the assignment:
I am a graduate nursing student in a Scholarship for Nursing Practice course completing an assignment that requires search, synthesis and selection of a suitable theory or conceptual model for providing a framework that informs the elements/actions of a graduate level scholarship improvement project where the identified practice problem is ***** [here you will input your identified practice problem,
**succinctly**]. I need help generating a list of three such frameworks for my review that I can later narrow to one. Do not include any frameworks in the output that inform only the implementation process, include only frameworks that inform the design of the improvement actions and activities.
**Note:** The purpose of generating three framework options is to help you critically evaluate potential conceptual foundations for your project.
**Here you will copy-and-paste your AI query prompt and the AI query output for faculty review.**
In the final paragraph in this section, you will
**identify the framework you have selected** from the AI outputs. After you have identified your selected framework,
**provide a rationale as to why you believe this is the best framework to inform your project design**. Hint, if it is the best framework, is the intervention you included in your Aim Statement encompassed in the AI output relative to this framework? If yes, congratulate yourself for discerning that in advance of the AI output generation. If no, perhaps you need to revisit the literature about potential, evidence-informed solutions that you can apply to address the problem.
**Framework**
This section should include a completed description – overview – of the key concepts encompassed in the framework you selected from the AI outputs. Next you will construct a discussion of how the selected framework aligns with the elements of the problem and how it informs your project design. The framework could be a relevant theory that explains why a problem exists, based on behaviors, motivation, or decision-making processes, and that predicts outcomes (e.g., Health Belief Model, Theory of Planned Behavior, Self-Determination Theory). Alternatively, it could be a conceptual (explanatory) model that illustrates relationships among the core concepts of your problem. The framework should be supported by evidence. NOTE: The AI output you generated may not provide reference to the original work for your selected framework. You are responsible to search for the originating work on the theory and cite that work – do not cite a secondary source for the theory. Do not use an implementation framework like the Iowa, KTA, PDSA, or any other QI framework.
Conclusion
Tips: Notice that the Conclusion is a Level 1 Header, centered and bolded. A conclusion section should be included in all scholarly papers to summarize the paper. It is normally one paragraph, succinct, and restates the main points of your paper. You should also restate or rephrase your purpose/thesis statement. In conclusion, do not add new ideas or new information with citations; instead, summarize the paper and reflect on key elements. If you need to add cited information, move it to a previous section of your paper. You can end the conclusion by clarifying the intent and importance of the paper. For additional APA font choices for scholarly papers, see
[https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/paper-format/font](https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/paper-format/font).
**References**
Field, B., Booth, A., Ilott, I., & Gerrish, K. (2014). Using the knowledge to action framework in practice: A citation analysis and systematic review.
_Implementation Science_,
_9_(1), 1.
[https://doi.org/10.1186/s13012-014-0172-2](https://doi.org/10.1186/s13012-014-0172-2) (Journal Example for a template)
Knowles, M., Holton, E.F., & Swanson, R.A. (2005).
_The adult learner: The definitive class in adult education and human resource development_ (6th ed.). Elsevier. (Book Example)
National League for Nursing (2021).
_Coaching for excellence in nursing: A guide for educators._ NLN.
[https://ondemand.nln.org/product?catalog=Coaching-for-Excellence-in-Nursing](https://ondemand.nln.org/product?catalog=Coaching-for-Excellence-in-Nursing) (Web article Example; Use all 3 examples as templates)
\*\* Remember that ALL references should be accessible and cited in the body of the paper. The in-text citations for the above examples are as follows:
(Field et al., 2014)
(Knowles et al., 2005)
(National League for Nursing [NLN], 2021)- First citation.
(NLN, 2021)- Subsequent citation.
**## PaperTemplatewithAIInputIncluded.docx**
**Title of Paper**
Student Name
University
Nursing Practice
Faculty Name
Due Date
1
8
**Insert Title of Paper Here**
Tips for the Introduction: It is effective to open a paper with a statistic (supported with a citation) on the topic to grab the reader's attention. Then introduce the paper's topic and explain why it is important. End the introduction paragraph describing the purpose of the paper. Example: The purpose of this paper is to explore the identified practice problem of… (Include at least 2 main points/sections you will address in the body of your paper.) and describe the framework selected as the best fit to inform project design.
_One final note: this entire paper should be written in your authentic graduate-level voice and supported with full-text evidence._
**Practice Setting**
This section should describe the practice setting where you identified the problem. This could be your current or a prior practice setting, with sufficient detail to frame the problem's context (e.g., outpatient/inpatient, urban/rural, facility, unit type, population, staffing).
**Description of the Problem**
This section should be the most substantively developed in your paper, drawing on the broadest range of evidence.
**Describe the problem using local observations or data from your practice setting**(e.g., audits, metrics, incident reports, direct examples) and address its scope and significance, including who is affected and the clinical, safety, financial, or quality consequences if left unaddressed. Clearly state how current practice deviates from guidelines, evidence, or expected outcomes.
**Include evidence demonstrating that this problem has been identified in other practice settings, establishing it as a recognized issue in the literature rather than an isolated local concern.** Briefly note the contributing context (workflow, staffing, or training gaps) without fully analyzing causation, as that deeper analysis belongs in the Framework section. Clearly establish the gap between current practice and best practice or performance benchmarks, as this gap is what your Problem Statement will distill into a single sentence later. Aim to synthesize 4-6 scholarly sources here, supporting every claim about scope, prevalence, or consequence with a citation.
**Problem Statement**
This section should include a succinct problem statement, using the linked document “Constructing a Problem Statement” provided in the assignment instructions as a guide.
**Aim Statement**
This section should include your Aim statement relevant to the identified problem. Use IHI’s Aim Statement worksheet to guide your development of the elements of an adapted statement so that it is clear, measurable, and time-bound. Include a proposed intervention or change strategy. This section should be in narrative form, not a copy-and-paste of the worksheet.
**Framework Options Sourced from AI Engagement**
Use an ethical approach with AI to guide your construction of this section. You may use ChatGPT or any other AI platform you may be familiar with are already using. Numerous AI platforms offer free engagement which will be sufficient to complete this element of the assignment.
Below is the prompt you will utilize to generate your discussion for this section of the assignment:
I am a graduate nursing student in a Scholarship for Nursing Practice course completing an assignment that requires search, synthesis and selection of a suitable theory or conceptual model for providing a framework that informs the elements/actions of a graduate level scholarship improvement project where the identified practice problem is ***** [here you will input your identified practice problem,
**succinctly**]. I need help generating a list of three such frameworks for my review that I can later narrow to one. Do not include any frameworks in the output that inform only the implementation process, include only frameworks that inform the design of the improvement actions and activities.
**Note:** The purpose of generating three framework options is to help you critically evaluate potential conceptual foundations for your project.
**Here you will copy-and-paste your AI query prompt and the AI query output for faculty review.**
In the final paragraph in this section, you will
**identify the framework you have selected** from the AI outputs. After you have identified your selected framework,
**provide a rationale as to why you believe this is the best framework to inform your project design**. Hint, if it is the best framework, is the intervention you included in your Aim Statement encompassed in the AI output relative to this framework? If yes, congratulate yourself for discerning that in advance of the AI output generation. If no, perhaps you need to revisit the literature about potential, evidence-informed solutions that you can apply to address the problem.
**Framework**
This section should include a completed description – overview – of the key concepts encompassed in the framework you selected from the AI outputs. Next you will construct a discussion of how the selected framework aligns with the elements of the problem and how it informs your project design. The framework could be a relevant theory that explains why a problem exists, based on behaviors, motivation, or decision-making processes, and that predicts outcomes (e.g., Health Belief Model, Theory of Planned Behavior, Self-Determination Theory). Alternatively, it could be a conceptual (explanatory) model that illustrates relationships among the core concepts of your problem. The framework should be supported by evidence. NOTE: The AI output you generated may not provide reference to the original work for your selected framework. You are responsible to search for the originating work on the theory and cite that work – do not cite a secondary source for the theory. Do not use an implementation framework like the Iowa, KTA, PDSA, or any other QI framework.
Conclusion
Tips: Notice that the Conclusion is a Level 1 Header, centered and bolded. A conclusion section should be included in all scholarly papers to summarize the paper. It is normally one paragraph, succinct, and restates the main points of your paper. You should also restate or rephrase your purpose/thesis statement. In conclusion, do not add new ideas or new information with citations; instead, summarize the paper and reflect on key elements. If you need to add cited information, move it to a previous section of your paper. You can end the conclusion by clarifying the intent and importance of the paper. For additional APA font choices for scholarly papers, see
[https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/paper-format/font](https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/paper-format/font).
**References**
Field, B., Booth, A., Ilott, I., & Gerrish, K. (2014). Using the knowledge to action framework in practice: A citation analysis and systematic review.
_Implementation Science_,
_9_(1), 1.
[https://doi.org/10.1186/s13012-014-0172-2](https://doi.org/10.1186/s13012-014-0172-2) (Journal Example for a template)
Knowles, M., Holton, E.F., & Swanson, R.A. (2005).
_The adult learner: The definitive class in adult education and human resource development_ (6th ed.). Elsevier. (Book Example)
National League for Nursing (2021).
_Coaching for excellence in nursing: A guide for educators._ NLN.
[https://ondemand.nln.org/product?catalog=Coaching-for-Excellence-in-Nursing](https://ondemand.nln.org/product?catalog=Coaching-for-Excellence-in-Nursing) (Web article Example; Use all 3 examples as templates)
\*\* Remember that ALL references should be accessible and cited in the body of the paper. The in-text citations for the above examples are as follows:
(Field et al., 2014)
(Knowles et al., 2005)
(National League for Nursing [NLN], 2021)- First citation.
(NLN, 2021)- Subsequent citation.
**## IHITool_Aim-Statement-Worksheetforunit10.pdf**
IHI TOOL
Aim Statement Worksheet
Copyright © 2019 Institute for Healthcare Improvement. All rights reserved. Individuals may photocopy these materials for educational, not-for-profit uses,
provided that the contents are not altered in any way and that proper attribution is given to IHI as the source of the content. These materials may not be reproduced
for commercial, for-profit use in any form or by any means, or republished under any circumstances, without the written permission of the Institute for Healthcare
Improvement.
What? What’s the problem or opportunity? Make sure it relates to a fundamental customer need.
How much? By how much will you improve? Or “how good” do you want to get?
By when? What is the date by which you will achieve the level of improvement you’ve set out to accomplish?
For whom? Who is the customer or population who will benefit from the improvement?
Where? What are the boundaries of the process or system you’re trying to improve? Where does it begin and end?
Complete aim statement:
Ask a colleague to double-check your work and recommend improvements:
q Is the problem or opportunity clearly stated?
q Do you know what the team is going to do about the problem?
q Has the team set a numerical goal to quantify the amount of improvement they’d like achieve?
q Do you know the calendar date by which the team plans to achieve the goal?
q Is it clear who will benefit from the improvement?
q Is the scope of the project clear?
q Do you know why this improvement effort is important?
Aim Statement Worksheet
An aim statement is the answer to the first question in the Model for Improvement, “What are we trying to accomplish?”
Effective aim statements delineate clear, specific plans for the work ahead.
Use the prompts below to write an effective aim statement. Then use the checklist to double-check your work.
IHI TOOL: Aim Statement Worksheet
Institute for Healthcare Improvement • ihi.org 2
01. Text1: E.g. Increase the percent of children who receive a Health Needs Assessment
02. Text2: E.g. 95% of children who should receive a Health Needs Assessment will receive one
03. Text3: E.g. January 31, 2020
04. Text4: E.g. Children under the age of 12 who have an initial referral to Child Protective Services
05. Text5: E.g. In Middlesex County
06. Text6: E.g. By January 31, 2020, of children under the age of 12 for whom a Health Needs Assessment is recommended, 95% will receive the assessment in Middlesex County.
07. Check Box15: Off
08. Check Box16: Off
09. Check Box17: Off
10. Check Box18: Off
11. Check Box19: Off
12. Check Box20: Off
13. Check Box21: Off
**## Aiminstructions.docx**
Due Sept.27th :The assignment is an
**academic paper formatted according to APA guidelines, including a title page, headings for each main section, proper in-text citations, and a references page. complete the assignment using the Template provided below. Must be less than 10% AI and similarity detection and I need the report!!!!**
In the last assignment you completed a Gap Analysis, selected a single Gap to examine deeper, examined root causes of that selected Gap, and formulated a Problem Statement.(Mine was Consistency of fall-risk assessment and reassessment in hospital or acute care setting).
For this assignment you will draft an adapted Aim Statement and identify a Theoretical/Explanatory Framework to guide the design of an improvement project to address the identified problem.
The assignment template includes the following sections:
·
**Introduction:** Begin with a relevant, cited statistic to draw the reader in, then introduce your topic and explain its importance. Write in third person; do not use first person in this paper. End the introduction with a purpose/thesis statement that identifies at least the two main points/sections your paper will address (e.g., "The purpose of this paper is to explore my practice problem of…"). The entire paper should be written in your authentic graduate-level voice and supported by full-text evidence throughout.
·
**Practice Setting:** Describe the practice setting where you identified the problem (current or prior). Include enough detail to frame the problem's context (e.g., outpatient or inpatient, urban or rural, facility and unit type, population served, staffing).
·
**Description of the Problem:** This section should be the most substantively developed in your paper and draw on the broadest range of evidence. Describe the problem using local observations or data from your practice setting (e.g., audits, metrics, incident reports, direct examples), and address its scope and significance, who is affected, and the clinical, safety, financial, or quality consequences if left unaddressed. Clearly state how current practice deviates from guidelines, evidence, or expected outcomes. Include evidence that this problem has also been identified in other practice settings, establishing it as a recognized issue in the literature rather than an isolated local concern. Briefly note the contributing context (e.g., workflow, staffing, or training gaps) without fully analyzing causation, as that deeper analysis belongs in the Framework section. Clearly establish the gap between current practice and best practice or performance benchmarks, since this gap is what your Problem Statement will later distill into a single sentence. Aim to synthesize at least
**4–6 scholarly sources from the last 5 years** (nursing and medical journals are great!) here, supporting every claim about scope, prevalence, or consequence with a citation.
·
**Problem Statement:** Write a succinct, single problem statement. Use the "Constructing a Problem Statement" document linked in the assignment instructions as a guide.
·
**Aim Statement:** Draft an Aim Statement that addresses only the one intervention you have selected — do not present or compare multiple intervention options in this section; that comparative work should already be resolved before you write this statement. Use IHI's Aim Statement worksheet (found in your assignment resources below) to guide your development of a clear, measurable, time-bound statement, but write this section in narrative form. Do not copy and paste the worksheet directly. Include:
· A timeframe for the improvement project process
· A description of your single, selected proposed intervention or change strategy
· A descriptor of the practice setting where the improvement project will occur
· The specific Aim and desired outcome of implementing that intervention
·
**Framework:** This section requires you to identify and apply frameworks to understand why your problem exists and what factors are driving it. The purpose here is not to describe how to implement or evaluate change, but to analyze the underlying behavioral, motivational, environmental, organizational, and system-level factors contributing to the problem.
· You will work with two related yet distinct types of frameworks:
·
**Explanatory Framework:** Identifies and organizes the specific variables or factors that cause or sustain the problem (e.g., workflow gaps, knowledge deficits, staffing patterns, communication breakdowns, or resource constraints). An explanatory framework answers the question, "What factors contribute to this problem, and how do they interact?"
·
**Theoretical Framework:** Provides the broader conceptual or disciplinary lens that explains why the problem exists at a more fundamental level, based on behaviors, motivation, or decision-making processes, and can help predict outcomes (e.g., Health Belief Model, Theory of Planned Behavior, Self-Determination Theory). It may also take the form of a conceptual model that illustrates relationships among core concepts in your topic (e.g., Technology Acceptance Model, Roy Adaptation Model). If no clear existing framework or model fits your problem, you may instead provide an in-depth framing of the concept grounded in the literature. Whichever form it takes, the framework must be supported by evidence.
_Note: Frameworks focused primarily on implementation or evaluation (e.g., PDSA, Lean, Six Sigma, Knowledge-to-Action, RE-AIM) or EBP models (e.g., Iowa Model) are not appropriate for this section because they describe how to implement or evaluate change, not why the problem exists._
·
**Conclusion:** Include a Conclusion section (Level 1 header, centered and bolded), typically one paragraph. Summarize the paper and restate its main points, including a restated or rephrased version of your purpose/thesis statement. Do not introduce new ideas or new cited information here — if you find yourself wanting to add cited information, move it to the appropriate earlier section instead. You may close by clarifying the paper’s intent and importance.
·
**References:** All references must be accessible and cited in the body of the paper, formatted in APA style.
· All references and supporting evidence must be independently verified, appropriately cited, and drawn from current scholarly literature with accessible full-text sources. Validate your opinions and ideas with proper APA citations throughout.
**Must download the pdf file of each reference source/ website you get information from and add it to the end of the paper!!!!!**
Assignment Resources
**Use the following resources to assist with this assignment (see other 2 files):**
·
[Problem Statement Instruction Sheet](https://herzing.instructure.com/courses/57058/files/15022292?wrap=1) [Download Problem Statement Instruction Sheet](https://herzing.instructure.com/courses/57058/files/15022292/download?download_frd=1)
·
[IHITool Aim-Statement Worksheet](https://herzing.instructure.com/courses/57058/files/15022513?wrap=1) [Download IHITool Aim-Statement Worksheet](https://herzing.instructure.com/courses/57058/files/15022513/download?download_frd=1) [PDF]
**Put information into the attached template format!!!**
Ethical Artificial Intelligence Use
You are expected to use AI ethically as a tool for idea generation and exploration:
1. Survey the literature using AI to identify a minimum of three potential explanatory and/or theoretical frameworks, models, or literature-based concepts that could help explain your problem.
2. Review the AI-generated output and select one primary framework (explanatory, theoretical, or a combined approach if justified) that best aligns with your identified practice problem and your selected intervention.
3. Synthesize what you learned into your own scholarly discussion, describing the framework you selected and discussing how it aligns with the elements of the problem and informs your project design. Write in your authentic graduate-level voice.
**## PaperTemplatewithAIInputIncluded.docx**
**Title of Paper**
Student Name
University
Nursing Practice
Faculty Name
Due Date
1
8
**Insert Title of Paper Here**
Tips for the Introduction: It is effective to open a paper with a statistic (supported with a citation) on the topic to grab the reader's attention. Then introduce the paper's topic and explain why it is important. End the introduction paragraph describing the purpose of the paper. Example: The purpose of this paper is to explore the identified practice problem of… (Include at least 2 main points/sections you will address in the body of your paper.) and describe the framework selected as the best fit to inform project design.
_One final note: this entire paper should be written in your authentic graduate-level voice and supported with full-text evidence._
**Practice Setting**
This section should describe the practice setting where you identified the problem. This could be your current or a prior practice setting, with sufficient detail to frame the problem's context (e.g., outpatient/inpatient, urban/rural, facility, unit type, population, staffing).
**Description of the Problem**
This section should be the most substantively developed in your paper, drawing on the broadest range of evidence.
**Describe the problem using local observations or data from your practice setting**(e.g., audits, metrics, incident reports, direct examples) and address its scope and significance, including who is affected and the clinical, safety, financial, or quality consequences if left unaddressed. Clearly state how current practice deviates from guidelines, evidence, or expected outcomes.
**Include evidence demonstrating that this problem has been identified in other practice settings, establishing it as a recognized issue in the literature rather than an isolated local concern.** Briefly note the contributing context (workflow, staffing, or training gaps) without fully analyzing causation, as that deeper analysis belongs in the Framework section. Clearly establish the gap between current practice and best practice or performance benchmarks, as this gap is what your Problem Statement will distill into a single sentence later. Aim to synthesize 4-6 scholarly sources here, supporting every claim about scope, prevalence, or consequence with a citation.
**Problem Statement**
This section should include a succinct problem statement, using the linked document “Constructing a Problem Statement” provided in the assignment instructions as a guide.
**Aim Statement**
This section should include your Aim statement relevant to the identified problem. Use IHI’s Aim Statement worksheet to guide your development of the elements of an adapted statement so that it is clear, measurable, and time-bound. Include a proposed intervention or change strategy. This section should be in narrative form, not a copy-and-paste of the worksheet.
**Framework Options Sourced from AI Engagement**
Use an ethical approach with AI to guide your construction of this section. You may use ChatGPT or any other AI platform you may be familiar with are already using. Numerous AI platforms offer free engagement which will be sufficient to complete this element of the assignment.
Below is the prompt you will utilize to generate your discussion for this section of the assignment:
I am a graduate nursing student in a Scholarship for Nursing Practice course completing an assignment that requires search, synthesis and selection of a suitable theory or conceptual model for providing a framework that informs the elements/actions of a graduate level scholarship improvement project where the identified practice problem is ***** [here you will input your identified practice problem,
**succinctly**]. I need help generating a list of three such frameworks for my review that I can later narrow to one. Do not include any frameworks in the output that inform only the implementation process, include only frameworks that inform the design of the improvement actions and activities.
**Note:** The purpose of generating three framework options is to help you critically evaluate potential conceptual foundations for your project.
**Here you will copy-and-paste your AI query prompt and the AI query output for faculty review.**
In the final paragraph in this section, you will
**identify the framework you have selected** from the AI outputs. After you have identified your selected framework,
**provide a rationale as to why you believe this is the best framework to inform your project design**. Hint, if it is the best framework, is the intervention you included in your Aim Statement encompassed in the AI output relative to this framework? If yes, congratulate yourself for discerning that in advance of the AI output generation. If no, perhaps you need to revisit the literature about potential, evidence-informed solutions that you can apply to address the problem.
**Framework**
This section should include a completed description – overview – of the key concepts encompassed in the framework you selected from the AI outputs. Next you will construct a discussion of how the selected framework aligns with the elements of the problem and how it informs your project design. The framework could be a relevant theory that explains why a problem exists, based on behaviors, motivation, or decision-making processes, and that predicts outcomes (e.g., Health Belief Model, Theory of Planned Behavior, Self-Determination Theory). Alternatively, it could be a conceptual (explanatory) model that illustrates relationships among the core concepts of your problem. The framework should be supported by evidence. NOTE: The AI output you generated may not provide reference to the original work for your selected framework. You are responsible to search for the originating work on the theory and cite that work – do not cite a secondary source for the theory. Do not use an implementation framework like the Iowa, KTA, PDSA, or any other QI framework.
Conclusion
Tips: Notice that the Conclusion is a Level 1 Header, centered and bolded. A conclusion section should be included in all scholarly papers to summarize the paper. It is normally one paragraph, succinct, and restates the main points of your paper. You should also restate or rephrase your purpose/thesis statement. In conclusion, do not add new ideas or new information with citations; instead, summarize the paper and reflect on key elements. If you need to add cited information, move it to a previous section of your paper. You can end the conclusion by clarifying the intent and importance of the paper. For additional APA font choices for scholarly papers, see
[https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/paper-format/font](https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/paper-format/font).
**References**
Field, B., Booth, A., Ilott, I., & Gerrish, K. (2014). Using the knowledge to action framework in practice: A citation analysis and systematic review.
_Implementation Science_,
_9_(1), 1.
[https://doi.org/10.1186/s13012-014-0172-2](https://doi.org/10.1186/s13012-014-0172-2) (Journal Example for a template)
Knowles, M., Holton, E.F., & Swanson, R.A. (2005).
_The adult learner: The definitive class in adult education and human resource development_ (6th ed.). Elsevier. (Book Example)
National League for Nursing (2021).
_Coaching for excellence in nursing: A guide for educators._ NLN.
[https://ondemand.nln.org/product?catalog=Coaching-for-Excellence-in-Nursing](https://ondemand.nln.org/product?catalog=Coaching-for-Excellence-in-Nursing) (Web article Example; Use all 3 examples as templates)
\*\* Remember that ALL references should be accessible and cited in the body of the paper. The in-text citations for the above examples are as follows:
(Field et al., 2014)
(Knowles et al., 2005)
(National League for Nursing [NLN], 2021)- First citation.
(NLN, 2021)- Subsequent citation.
**## IHITool_Aim-Statement-Worksheetforunit10.pdf**
IHI TOOL
Aim Statement Worksheet
Copyright © 2019 Institute for Healthcare Improvement. All rights reserved. Individuals may photocopy these materials for educational, not-for-profit uses,
provided that the contents are not altered in any way and that proper attribution is given to IHI as the source of the content. These materials may not be reproduced
for commercial, for-profit use in any form or by any means, or republished under any circumstances, without the written permission of the Institute for Healthcare
Improvement.
What? What’s the problem or opportunity? Make sure it relates to a fundamental customer need.
How much? By how much will you improve? Or “how good” do you want to get?
By when? What is the date by which you will achieve the level of improvement you’ve set out to accomplish?
For whom? Who is the customer or population who will benefit from the improvement?
Where? What are the boundaries of the process or system you’re trying to improve? Where does it begin and end?
Complete aim statement:
Ask a colleague to double-check your work and recommend improvements:
q Is the problem or opportunity clearly stated?
q Do you know what the team is going to do about the problem?
q Has the team set a numerical goal to quantify the amount of improvement they’d like achieve?
q Do you know the calendar date by which the team plans to achieve the goal?
q Is it clear who will benefit from the improvement?
q Is the scope of the project clear?
q Do you know why this improvement effort is important?
Aim Statement Worksheet
An aim statement is the answer to the first question in the Model for Improvement, “What are we trying to accomplish?”
Effective aim statements delineate clear, specific plans for the work ahead.
Use the prompts below to write an effective aim statement. Then use the checklist to double-check your work.
IHI TOOL: Aim Statement Worksheet
Institute for Healthcare Improvement • ihi.org 2
01. Text1: E.g. Increase the percent of children who receive a Health Needs Assessment
02. Text2: E.g. 95% of children who should receive a Health Needs Assessment will receive one
03. Text3: E.g. January 31, 2020
04. Text4: E.g. Children under the age of 12 who have an initial referral to Child Protective Services
05. Text5: E.g. In Middlesex County
06. Text6: E.g. By January 31, 2020, of children under the age of 12 for whom a Health Needs Assessment is recommended, 95% will receive the assessment in Middlesex County.
07. Check Box15: Off
08. Check Box16: Off
09. Check Box17: Off
10. Check Box18: Off
11. Check Box19: Off
12. Check Box20: Off
13. Check Box21: Off
**## Aiminstructions.docx**
Due Sept.27th :The assignment is an
**academic paper formatted according to APA guidelines, including a title page, headings for each main section, proper in-text citations, and a references page. complete the assignment using the Template provided below. Must be less than 10% AI and similarity detection and I need the report!!!!**
In the last assignment you completed a Gap Analysis, selected a single Gap to examine deeper, examined root causes of that selected Gap, and formulated a Problem Statement.(Mine was Consistency of fall-risk assessment and reassessment in hospital or acute care setting).
For this assignment you will draft an adapted Aim Statement and identify a Theoretical/Explanatory Framework to guide the design of an improvement project to address the identified problem.
The assignment template includes the following sections:
·
**Introduction:** Begin with a relevant, cited statistic to draw the reader in, then introduce your topic and explain its importance. Write in third person; do not use first person in this paper. End the introduction with a purpose/thesis statement that identifies at least the two main points/sections your paper will address (e.g., "The purpose of this paper is to explore my practice problem of…"). The entire paper should be written in your authentic graduate-level voice and supported by full-text evidence throughout.
·
**Practice Setting:** Describe the practice setting where you identified the problem (current or prior). Include enough detail to frame the problem's context (e.g., outpatient or inpatient, urban or rural, facility and unit type, population served, staffing).
·
**Description of the Problem:** This section should be the most substantively developed in your paper and draw on the broadest range of evidence. Describe the problem using local observations or data from your practice setting (e.g., audits, metrics, incident reports, direct examples), and address its scope and significance, who is affected, and the clinical, safety, financial, or quality consequences if left unaddressed. Clearly state how current practice deviates from guidelines, evidence, or expected outcomes. Include evidence that this problem has also been identified in other practice settings, establishing it as a recognized issue in the literature rather than an isolated local concern. Briefly note the contributing context (e.g., workflow, staffing, or training gaps) without fully analyzing causation, as that deeper analysis belongs in the Framework section. Clearly establish the gap between current practice and best practice or performance benchmarks, since this gap is what your Problem Statement will later distill into a single sentence. Aim to synthesize at least
**4–6 scholarly sources from the last 5 years** (nursing and medical journals are great!) here, supporting every claim about scope, prevalence, or consequence with a citation.
·
**Problem Statement:** Write a succinct, single problem statement. Use the "Constructing a Problem Statement" document linked in the assignment instructions as a guide.
·
**Aim Statement:** Draft an Aim Statement that addresses only the one intervention you have selected — do not present or compare multiple intervention options in this section; that comparative work should already be resolved before you write this statement. Use IHI's Aim Statement worksheet (found in your assignment resources below) to guide your development of a clear, measurable, time-bound statement, but write this section in narrative form. Do not copy and paste the worksheet directly. Include:
· A timeframe for the improvement project process
· A description of your single, selected proposed intervention or change strategy
· A descriptor of the practice setting where the improvement project will occur
· The specific Aim and desired outcome of implementing that intervention
·
**Framework:** This section requires you to identify and apply frameworks to understand why your problem exists and what factors are driving it. The purpose here is not to describe how to implement or evaluate change, but to analyze the underlying behavioral, motivational, environmental, organizational, and system-level factors contributing to the problem.
· You will work with two related yet distinct types of frameworks:
·
**Explanatory Framework:** Identifies and organizes the specific variables or factors that cause or sustain the problem (e.g., workflow gaps, knowledge deficits, staffing patterns, communication breakdowns, or resource constraints). An explanatory framework answers the question, "What factors contribute to this problem, and how do they interact?"
·
**Theoretical Framework:** Provides the broader conceptual or disciplinary lens that explains why the problem exists at a more fundamental level, based on behaviors, motivation, or decision-making processes, and can help predict outcomes (e.g., Health Belief Model, Theory of Planned Behavior, Self-Determination Theory). It may also take the form of a conceptual model that illustrates relationships among core concepts in your topic (e.g., Technology Acceptance Model, Roy Adaptation Model). If no clear existing framework or model fits your problem, you may instead provide an in-depth framing of the concept grounded in the literature. Whichever form it takes, the framework must be supported by evidence.
_Note: Frameworks focused primarily on implementation or evaluation (e.g., PDSA, Lean, Six Sigma, Knowledge-to-Action, RE-AIM) or EBP models (e.g., Iowa Model) are not appropriate for this section because they describe how to implement or evaluate change, not why the problem exists._
·
**Conclusion:** Include a Conclusion section (Level 1 header, centered and bolded), typically one paragraph. Summarize the paper and restate its main points, including a restated or rephrased version of your purpose/thesis statement. Do not introduce new ideas or new cited information here — if you find yourself wanting to add cited information, move it to the appropriate earlier section instead. You may close by clarifying the paper’s intent and importance.
·
**References:** All references must be accessible and cited in the body of the paper, formatted in APA style.
· All references and supporting evidence must be independently verified, appropriately cited, and drawn from current scholarly literature with accessible full-text sources. Validate your opinions and ideas with proper APA citations throughout.
**Must download the pdf file of each reference source/ website you get information from and add it to the end of the paper!!!!!**
Assignment Resources
**Use the following resources to assist with this assignment (see other 2 files):**
·
[Problem Statement Instruction Sheet](https://herzing.instructure.com/courses/57058/files/15022292?wrap=1) [Download Problem Statement Instruction Sheet](https://herzing.instructure.com/courses/57058/files/15022292/download?download_frd=1)
·
[IHITool Aim-Statement Worksheet](https://herzing.instructure.com/courses/57058/files/15022513?wrap=1) [Download IHITool Aim-Statement Worksheet](https://herzing.instructure.com/courses/57058/files/15022513/download?download_frd=1) [PDF]
**Put information into the attached template format!!!**
Ethical Artificial Intelligence Use
You are expected to use AI ethically as a tool for idea generation and exploration:
1. Survey the literature using AI to identify a minimum of three potential explanatory and/or theoretical frameworks, models, or literature-based concepts that could help explain your problem.
2. Review the AI-generated output and select one primary framework (explanatory, theoretical, or a combined approach if justified) that best aligns with your identified practice problem and your selected intervention.
3. Synthesize what you learned into your own scholarly discussion, describing the framework you selected and discussing how it aligns with the elements of the problem and informs your project design. Write in your authentic graduate-level voice.
**## PaperTemplatewithAIInputIncluded.docx**
**Title of Paper**
Student Name
University
Nursing Practice
Faculty Name
Due Date
1
8
**Insert Title of Paper Here**
Tips for the Introduction: It is effective to open a paper with a statistic (supported with a citation) on the topic to grab the reader's attention. Then introduce the paper's topic and explain why it is important. End the introduction paragraph describing the purpose of the paper. Example: The purpose of this paper is to explore the identified practice problem of… (Include at least 2 main points/sections you will address in the body of your paper.) and describe the framework selected as the best fit to inform project design.
_One final note: this entire paper should be written in your authentic graduate-level voice and supported with full-text evidence._
**Practice Setting**
This section should describe the practice setting where you identified the problem. This could be your current or a prior practice setting, with sufficient detail to frame the problem's context (e.g., outpatient/inpatient, urban/rural, facility, unit type, population, staffing).
**Description of the Problem**
This section should be the most substantively developed in your paper, drawing on the broadest range of evidence.
**Describe the problem using local observations or data from your practice setting**(e.g., audits, metrics, incident reports, direct examples) and address its scope and significance, including who is affected and the clinical, safety, financial, or quality consequences if left unaddressed. Clearly state how current practice deviates from guidelines, evidence, or expected outcomes.
**Include evidence demonstrating that this problem has been identified in other practice settings, establishing it as a recognized issue in the literature rather than an isolated local concern.** Briefly note the contributing context (workflow, staffing, or training gaps) without fully analyzing causation, as that deeper analysis belongs in the Framework section. Clearly establish the gap between current practice and best practice or performance benchmarks, as this gap is what your Problem Statement will distill into a single sentence later. Aim to synthesize 4-6 scholarly sources here, supporting every claim about scope, prevalence, or consequence with a citation.
**Problem Statement**
This section should include a succinct problem statement, using the linked document “Constructing a Problem Statement” provided in the assignment instructions as a guide.
**Aim Statement**
This section should include your Aim statement relevant to the identified problem. Use IHI’s Aim Statement worksheet to guide your development of the elements of an adapted statement so that it is clear, measurable, and time-bound. Include a proposed intervention or change strategy. This section should be in narrative form, not a copy-and-paste of the worksheet.
**Framework Options Sourced from AI Engagement**
Use an ethical approach with AI to guide your construction of this section. You may use ChatGPT or any other AI platform you may be familiar with are already using. Numerous AI platforms offer free engagement which will be sufficient to complete this element of the assignment.
Below is the prompt you will utilize to generate your discussion for this section of the assignment:
I am a graduate nursing student in a Scholarship for Nursing Practice course completing an assignment that requires search, synthesis and selection of a suitable theory or conceptual model for providing a framework that informs the elements/actions of a graduate level scholarship improvement project where the identified practice problem is ***** [here you will input your identified practice problem,
**succinctly**]. I need help generating a list of three such frameworks for my review that I can later narrow to one. Do not include any frameworks in the output that inform only the implementation process, include only frameworks that inform the design of the improvement actions and activities.
**Note:** The purpose of generating three framework options is to help you critically evaluate potential conceptual foundations for your project.
**Here you will copy-and-paste your AI query prompt and the AI query output for faculty review.**
In the final paragraph in this section, you will
**identify the framework you have selected** from the AI outputs. After you have identified your selected framework,
**provide a rationale as to why you believe this is the best framework to inform your project design**. Hint, if it is the best framework, is the intervention you included in your Aim Statement encompassed in the AI output relative to this framework? If yes, congratulate yourself for discerning that in advance of the AI output generation. If no, perhaps you need to revisit the literature about potential, evidence-informed solutions that you can apply to address the problem.
**Framework**
This section should include a completed description – overview – of the key concepts encompassed in the framework you selected from the AI outputs. Next you will construct a discussion of how the selected framework aligns with the elements of the problem and how it informs your project design. The framework could be a relevant theory that explains why a problem exists, based on behaviors, motivation, or decision-making processes, and that predicts outcomes (e.g., Health Belief Model, Theory of Planned Behavior, Self-Determination Theory). Alternatively, it could be a conceptual (explanatory) model that illustrates relationships among the core concepts of your problem. The framework should be supported by evidence. NOTE: The AI output you generated may not provide reference to the original work for your selected framework. You are responsible to search for the originating work on the theory and cite that work – do not cite a secondary source for the theory. Do not use an implementation framework like the Iowa, KTA, PDSA, or any other QI framework.
Conclusion
Tips: Notice that the Conclusion is a Level 1 Header, centered and bolded. A conclusion section should be included in all scholarly papers to summarize the paper. It is normally one paragraph, succinct, and restates the main points of your paper. You should also restate or rephrase your purpose/thesis statement. In conclusion, do not add new ideas or new information with citations; instead, summarize the paper and reflect on key elements. If you need to add cited information, move it to a previous section of your paper. You can end the conclusion by clarifying the intent and importance of the paper. For additional APA font choices for scholarly papers, see
[https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/paper-format/font](https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/paper-format/font).
**References**
Field, B., Booth, A., Ilott, I., & Gerrish, K. (2014). Using the knowledge to action framework in practice: A citation analysis and systematic review.
_Implementation Science_,
_9_(1), 1.
[https://doi.org/10.1186/s13012-014-0172-2](https://doi.org/10.1186/s13012-014-0172-2) (Journal Example for a template)
Knowles, M., Holton, E.F., & Swanson, R.A. (2005).
_The adult learner: The definitive class in adult education and human resource development_ (6th ed.). Elsevier. (Book Example)
National League for Nursing (2021).
_Coaching for excellence in nursing: A guide for educators._ NLN.
[https://ondemand.nln.org/product?catalog=Coaching-for-Excellence-in-Nursing](https://ondemand.nln.org/product?catalog=Coaching-for-Excellence-in-Nursing) (Web article Example; Use all 3 examples as templates)
\*\* Remember that ALL references should be accessible and cited in the body of the paper. The in-text citations for the above examples are as follows:
(Field et al., 2014)
(Knowles et al., 2005)
(National League for Nursing [NLN], 2021)- First citation.
(NLN, 2021)- Subsequent citation.