[Solved] kidney stone lab

Assignment Prompt & Instructions

please read, on report i have the calculations. please read rubric

– ## kidneystonestodo.pdf

– ## Module2Pt2_PreLabPlan1.pdf

– ## ResearchConnectionAssignmentDetailsGC2-S25.pdf

– ## kidneystonereport.docx

– Book.pdf

**## kidneystonestodo.pdf**

To do

Post-Lab Research Connection Assignment

According to the ACE-Labs model (read Pages 3 and 4 of the laboratory manual for details),
this lab course also aims to create research connections for the students that will bring
them closer to understanding research as a social endeavor. We attempt to facilitate
students’ understanding of the relevance of scientific research in modern society. For
many, the very complex and rapid scientific and technological development of our society
can be a black box. We may perceive the advances in medicine and materials,
technological gadgets, etc. but do not really comprehend their origin and their connection
with scientific research.

Assignment Details

Read and follow the details below and in the rubric. Scroll this page all the way down so not
to miss any important information regarding this assignment. Refer to the following PDF
document to find the details of the rubric and some tips to complete this assignment
successfully. Your instructor will follow the rubric to grade your assignment. Turnitin will be
used to screen assignments for potential plagiarism. Refer to the links and resources
shared in the syllabus regarding how to avoid plagiarism.

Submit a fully typed Word document addressing each part of the rubric. Note that the
assignment should be completed individually and not as a group. Include your name,
the date, and the title of the project at the top of the page. Your typed report must
include:

1) Research Connection Article Section: Each student must search for a journal article,
published in an accredited scientific peer-reviewed journal, that is related to the
experiment you performed in this Module. The article must have been published within the
last 7 years.

2) Experimental Results Section: Organize (in labeled tables) and present the results
obtained for Week 1 and Week 2 of the project: "Kidney Stones" in this Module.

1) General Instructions for the Research Connection Article Section

• The article must discuss any of the techniques that were performed in the lab OR
discuss the topic of the experiment.

• The article must have been published within the last 7 years.

• You need to read the article and answer ALL the questions in the rubric. Make sure
to answer each question separately and with details, not just with a simply yes or
no.

• Your assignment must be a TYPED Word document.

• You must include proper citations. This includes in-text citations after every answer
and a regular citation at the end of the assignment.

• Follow the American Chemical Society, ACS-style citations. You can find details
about ACS citations under the "Supporting Documents" Module.

2) General Instructions for the Experimental Results Section

• Separate your results into Week 1 and Week 2.

• For Week 1, organize the results obtained for the synthesis of the kidney stone.
Make sure to include a descriptive title of the kidney stone type that was
synthesized. Provide calculations for theoretical and percent yields for your
synthetic kidney stone.

• For Week 2, provide a step-by-step sample calculation for determining the solubility
product constant (Ksp) for one of your kidney stones.

**## Module2Pt2_PreLabPlan1.pdf**

Project 2: Kidney Stones

Synthesis of Kidney Stones

CHM2046L, Section 011, Group 2
October 16th, 2025

Lab Partners:
Kayce Boucher,
Emily Morales,
Ashley Nguyen,

and Sixto Sanchez.

Aim (Sixto Sanchez):

This experiment aims to determine whether various home medicines in dissolving the artificial

kidney stones are synthesized during the first week. The efficacy of each therapy, the stones'

solubility constant (Ksp) will be computed to compare their relative solubility. This will assist in

assessing the chemical elements that affect the dissolving of stones and provide an explanation

for the apparent or nonexistent effectiveness of each remedy.

Materials (Sixto Sanchez):

• Analytical balance

• Spatula or stirring rod

• Beaker: 100 mL and 250 mL

• Erlenmeyer flask: 125 mL

• Graduated cylinder: 10 mL

• Pipettes

• Vacuum filtration

• Funnel

• Drying plate

Chemicals/Hazards (Ashley Nguyen):

Chemical Name Chemical

Formula

Chemical

Weight

(g/mol)

Physical

Appearance

Specific

Hazards &

Additional

Notes

Deionized Water 𝐻2𝑂

18.0 g/mol Form: clear,

liquid

N/A

Calcium Phosphate 𝐶a3(𝑃𝑂4)2

234.05 g/mol Color: white

Form: odorless

power

If skin contact:

rinse skin with

water/shower

If eye contact:

rise with

Appearance:

crystalline

water, call

doctor

Not

combustible

but ambient

fire may

liberate vapors

Apple Cider Vinegar (acidic acid)

𝐶𝐻3𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐻

~60.052

g/mol

Physical state

& appearance:

liquid

Odor:

Pungent,

vinegar-like

Color: clear to

yellowish

brown tint

Avoid

breathing

vapor, contact

with eyes,

skin, and

clothing.

Treat or

dispose of

waste material

as a weak acid

Methods and Procedures (Kayce Boucher):
• Weigh the artificial kidney stones using an analytical scale.
• Measure 25 mL of the ACV in a 25 mL graduated cylinder.
• Transfer this to a 50 mL beaker.
• Set the beaker up on a magnetic stirrer plate.
• Measure and record the pH of the solutions.
• Place the stone into the beaker.
• Allow the stone to react with the solution.
• When the reaction is completed, filter the solution through a filter lined funnel into a

waste beaker.
• Collect the remaining solid particles.
• Dry the remaining solid particles.

• When it is dried weigh it using an analytical balance.

Calculations (Emily Morales):

Formula to find the solubility constant:

“s” is the molar solubility of calcium phosphate, experimentally determined.

**## ResearchConnectionAssignmentDetailsGC2-S25.pdf**

Research Connection Assignment-Detailed Rubric

General

Report

Content

1. Choose a concept/topic or a technique from the experiment you performed in this Module and find a

recent peer-reviewed scientific article that relates to the concept chosen.

2. Organize the results and include the calculations related to this project: Kidney Stones

Finding the

Journal

Article

How to search for a scientific article with free access

Use a scientific search engine such as:

– Google Scholar

– Science Direct

– Web of Science

– USF Library E-Journals

The article chosen should be published within the past seven (7) years.

Tip: Within your Canvas course, under the “Supporting Documents” Module, there is a resource titled

“Searching the Literature for Sources” that provides additional information on how to search the

literature for appropriate research articles.

The following questions you must be answered for the Research Connection portion of the assignment:

Research

Connection

Assignment

Questions

1) Which specific topic or technique did you find in the article to be related to the experiment you

performed in this Module? Give a clear short explanation of the connection between the two.

(4 pts.)

/14

2) A. What procedure(s) did the researchers utilize to meet the objective(s) of the experiment in the

article? Don't list the procedural steps. (4 pts.)

B. What results did they collect? Give a brief summary of the key results. (3 pts.)

C. How did they analyze their work? Summarize the techniques or approaches used. (3 pts.)

Experimental
Results

The following details must be addressed in the experimental results portion of the assignment:

Week 1: Organize the results obtained for the synthesis of the kidney stone. Make sure to include a
descriptive title of the kidney stone type that was synthesized. Provide calculations for theoretical and
percent yields for your synthetic kidney stone. (10 pts.)

Week 2: Provide a step-by-step sample calculation for determining the solubility product constant (Ksp)
for one of your kidney stones. (10 pts.)

/20

References

➢ Any idea, concept, application

etc., that did not originate

personally from you must be

cited.

➢ As a reminder, directly quoting

an external source is

unacceptable.

➢ You are required to paraphrase,

in your own words, all cited

information that appears in this

assignment.

➢ Plagiarism is unacceptable!

Any form of plagiarism will

result in a “0” for this

assignment or other relevant

academic penalties, according

to the Academic Integrity

Policy.

Follow the ACS (American Chemical Society) format and have

both, in-text citation (3pts) as well as the full citation under

references (3pts).

In- Text Citations:

❖ Cite both answers. The questions cannot be answered without

the details in the article.

❖ All in-text citations should be cited with a superscript number

and should match the appropriate cited external reference in

the references section.

❖ Superscript numbers are issued and listed based on the order

they appear in the document. Not based on the alphabetical last

name of the author of the external source you are citing.

Full Citation:

❖ List the full details of the article based on the ACS format and

any other source used to prepare the report.

❖ The sources must be numbered based on the corresponding

number cited in the text.

❖ If you are only citing the one article, the number should be one

(1). Same number for the in-text citation no matter how many

times you cite the source in the text.

Tip: Within your Canvas course under the “Supporting Documents”

Module, there is a resource entitled “American Chemical Society

Citation Sources” that provides guidance to the ACS format. The third

link covers details on in-text citations, and the second link covers

details on how to format the full citation based on the type of source

used.

/6

**## kidneystonereport.docx**

**Results**

| | | | | | | | |
| — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| | Mass (g) | ML sample | EDTA initial | EDTA final | EDTA final end point | EDTA mol | ca 2+ Concentration |
| Flask #1 | 0.085 | 20 | 0 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 0.0003 | 0.02 |
| Flask #2 | 0.11 | 20 | 0 | 4.7 | 4.7 | 0.0002 | 0.01 |
| Flask #3 | 0.12 | 20 | 4.7 | 9 | 4.3 | 0.0002 | 0.01 |

**Given Data**

·
**Container Masses:**

· Empty container: 2.59 g

· Container with solid: 7.28 g

· Actual yield (solid mass): 7.28 g – 2.59 g = 4.69 g

· Theoretical Yield: 3.0 g

· Percent Yield:

· (4.69 / 3.0) × 100 = 156.33%

· EDTA Titration Data:

· EDTA concentration: 0.05 M

· Flask #1:

· Mass: 0.085 g

· Sample volume: 20 mL

· EDTA volume: 4.3 mL

· Flask #2:

· Mass: 0.11 g

· Sample volume: 20 mL

· EDTA volume: 4.7 mL

· Flask #3:

· Mass: 0.12 g

· Sample volume: 20 mL

· EDTA volume: 4.3 mL

· Assumptions:

· EDTA reacts with Ca²⁺ in a 1:1 molar ratio.

· The 4.69 g solid is likely CaCO₃ (molar mass 100 g/mol), dissolved in ~436.3 mL, with 20 mL aliquots titrated.

· Flask masses (0.085 g, 0.11 g, 0.12 g) are subsamples of the 4.69 g solid.

Calculations

Flask #1

· EDTA Moles:

· EDTA volume: 4.3 mL = 0.0043 L

· EDTA concentration: 0.05 M

· EDTA moles: 0.05 × 0.0043 = 0.000215 mol

· Ca²⁺ Concentration:

· Ca²⁺ moles = EDTA moles = 0.000215 mol

· Sample volume: 20 mL = 0.02 L

· Ca²⁺ concentration: 0.000215 / 0.02 = 0.01075 M

Flask #2

· EDTA Moles:

· EDTA volume: 4.7 mL = 0.0047 L

· EDTA concentration: 0.05 M

· EDTA moles: 0.05 × 0.0047 = 0.000235 mol

· Ca²⁺ Concentration:

· Ca²⁺ moles = 0.000235 mol

· Sample volume: 20 mL = 0.02 L

· Ca²⁺ concentration: 0.000235 / 0.02 = 0.01175 M

Flask #3

· EDTA Moles:

· EDTA volume: 4.3 mL = 0.0043 L

· EDTA concentration: 0.05 M

· EDTA moles: 0.05 × 0.0043 = 0.000215 mol

· Ca²⁺ Concentration:

· Ca²⁺ moles = 0.000215 mol

· Sample volume: 20 mL = 0.02 L

· Ca²⁺ concentration: 0.000215 / 0.02 = 0.01075 M

Connection to 4.69 g Solid

· Solid Composition:

· Assume 4.69 g is CaCO₃

· Moles CaCO₃: 4.69 / 100 = 0.0469 mol

· Ca²⁺ moles: 0.0469 mol

· Dissolution Volume (using Flask #1):

· Ca²⁺ moles in 20 mL: 0.000215 mol

· If dissolved in volume V (L):

· 0.0469 × (0.02 / V) = 0.000215

· V = (0.0469 × 0.02) / 0.000215 ≈ 0.4363 L (436.3 mL)

· Ca²⁺ concentration in 436.3 mL: 0.0469 / 0.4363 ≈ 0.1075 M

· In 20 mL: 0.1075 × (0.02 / 0.4363) ≈ 0.00493 M (lower than 0.01075 M, suggesting impurities)

· Theoretical Yield (3.0 g CaCO₃):

· Moles CaCO₃: 3.0 / 100 = 0.03 mol

· In 436.3 mL: 0.03 / 0.4363 ≈ 0.0687 M

· In 20 mL: 0.0687 × (0.02 / 0.4363) ≈ 0.00315 M (lower than flask concentrations)

Final Answer

· Flask #1:

· EDTA moles: 0.000215 mol

· Ca²⁺ concentration: 0.01075 M

· Flask #2:

· EDTA moles: 0.000235 mol

· Ca²⁺ concentration: 0.01175 M

· Flask #3:

· EDTA moles: 0.000215 mol

· Ca²⁺ concentration: 0.01075 M

**Book.pdf**

This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/book-pdf-10431755)

**Book.pdf**

This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/book-pdf-10431755)

**## kidneystonestodo.pdf**

To do

Post-Lab Research Connection Assignment

According to the ACE-Labs model (read Pages 3 and 4 of the laboratory manual for details),
this lab course also aims to create research connections for the students that will bring
them closer to understanding research as a social endeavor. We attempt to facilitate
students’ understanding of the relevance of scientific research in modern society. For
many, the very complex and rapid scientific and technological development of our society
can be a black box. We may perceive the advances in medicine and materials,
technological gadgets, etc. but do not really comprehend their origin and their connection
with scientific research.

Assignment Details

Read and follow the details below and in the rubric. Scroll this page all the way down so not
to miss any important information regarding this assignment. Refer to the following PDF
document to find the details of the rubric and some tips to complete this assignment
successfully. Your instructor will follow the rubric to grade your assignment. Turnitin will be
used to screen assignments for potential plagiarism. Refer to the links and resources
shared in the syllabus regarding how to avoid plagiarism.

Submit a fully typed Word document addressing each part of the rubric. Note that the
assignment should be completed individually and not as a group. Include your name,
the date, and the title of the project at the top of the page. Your typed report must
include:

1) Research Connection Article Section: Each student must search for a journal article,
published in an accredited scientific peer-reviewed journal, that is related to the
experiment you performed in this Module. The article must have been published within the
last 7 years.

2) Experimental Results Section: Organize (in labeled tables) and present the results
obtained for Week 1 and Week 2 of the project: "Kidney Stones" in this Module.

1) General Instructions for the Research Connection Article Section

• The article must discuss any of the techniques that were performed in the lab OR
discuss the topic of the experiment.

• The article must have been published within the last 7 years.

• You need to read the article and answer ALL the questions in the rubric. Make sure
to answer each question separately and with details, not just with a simply yes or
no.

• Your assignment must be a TYPED Word document.

• You must include proper citations. This includes in-text citations after every answer
and a regular citation at the end of the assignment.

• Follow the American Chemical Society, ACS-style citations. You can find details
about ACS citations under the "Supporting Documents" Module.

2) General Instructions for the Experimental Results Section

• Separate your results into Week 1 and Week 2.

• For Week 1, organize the results obtained for the synthesis of the kidney stone.
Make sure to include a descriptive title of the kidney stone type that was
synthesized. Provide calculations for theoretical and percent yields for your
synthetic kidney stone.

• For Week 2, provide a step-by-step sample calculation for determining the solubility
product constant (Ksp) for one of your kidney stones.

**## Module2Pt2_PreLabPlan1.pdf**

Project 2: Kidney Stones

Synthesis of Kidney Stones

CHM2046L, Section 011, Group 2
October 16th, 2025

Lab Partners:
Kayce Boucher,
Emily Morales,
Ashley Nguyen,

and Sixto Sanchez.

Aim (Sixto Sanchez):

This experiment aims to determine whether various home medicines in dissolving the artificial

kidney stones are synthesized during the first week. The efficacy of each therapy, the stones'

solubility constant (Ksp) will be computed to compare their relative solubility. This will assist in

assessing the chemical elements that affect the dissolving of stones and provide an explanation

for the apparent or nonexistent effectiveness of each remedy.

Materials (Sixto Sanchez):

• Analytical balance

• Spatula or stirring rod

• Beaker: 100 mL and 250 mL

• Erlenmeyer flask: 125 mL

• Graduated cylinder: 10 mL

• Pipettes

• Vacuum filtration

• Funnel

• Drying plate

Chemicals/Hazards (Ashley Nguyen):

Chemical Name Chemical

Formula

Chemical

Weight

(g/mol)

Physical

Appearance

Specific

Hazards &

Additional

Notes

Deionized Water 𝐻2𝑂

18.0 g/mol Form: clear,

liquid

N/A

Calcium Phosphate 𝐶a3(𝑃𝑂4)2

234.05 g/mol Color: white

Form: odorless

power

If skin contact:

rinse skin with

water/shower

If eye contact:

rise with

Appearance:

crystalline

water, call

doctor

Not

combustible

but ambient

fire may

liberate vapors

Apple Cider Vinegar (acidic acid)

𝐶𝐻3𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐻

~60.052

g/mol

Physical state

& appearance:

liquid

Odor:

Pungent,

vinegar-like

Color: clear to

yellowish

brown tint

Avoid

breathing

vapor, contact

with eyes,

skin, and

clothing.

Treat or

dispose of

waste material

as a weak acid

Methods and Procedures (Kayce Boucher):
• Weigh the artificial kidney stones using an analytical scale.
• Measure 25 mL of the ACV in a 25 mL graduated cylinder.
• Transfer this to a 50 mL beaker.
• Set the beaker up on a magnetic stirrer plate.
• Measure and record the pH of the solutions.
• Place the stone into the beaker.
• Allow the stone to react with the solution.
• When the reaction is completed, filter the solution through a filter lined funnel into a

waste beaker.
• Collect the remaining solid particles.
• Dry the remaining solid particles.

• When it is dried weigh it using an analytical balance.

Calculations (Emily Morales):

Formula to find the solubility constant:

“s” is the molar solubility of calcium phosphate, experimentally determined.

**## ResearchConnectionAssignmentDetailsGC2-S25.pdf**

Research Connection Assignment-Detailed Rubric

General

Report

Content

1. Choose a concept/topic or a technique from the experiment you performed in this Module and find a

recent peer-reviewed scientific article that relates to the concept chosen.

2. Organize the results and include the calculations related to this project: Kidney Stones

Finding the

Journal

Article

How to search for a scientific article with free access

Use a scientific search engine such as:

– Google Scholar

– Science Direct

– Web of Science

– USF Library E-Journals

The article chosen should be published within the past seven (7) years.

Tip: Within your Canvas course, under the “Supporting Documents” Module, there is a resource titled

“Searching the Literature for Sources” that provides additional information on how to search the

literature for appropriate research articles.

The following questions you must be answered for the Research Connection portion of the assignment:

Research

Connection

Assignment

Questions

1) Which specific topic or technique did you find in the article to be related to the experiment you

performed in this Module? Give a clear short explanation of the connection between the two.

(4 pts.)

/14

2) A. What procedure(s) did the researchers utilize to meet the objective(s) of the experiment in the

article? Don't list the procedural steps. (4 pts.)

B. What results did they collect? Give a brief summary of the key results. (3 pts.)

C. How did they analyze their work? Summarize the techniques or approaches used. (3 pts.)

Experimental
Results

The following details must be addressed in the experimental results portion of the assignment:

Week 1: Organize the results obtained for the synthesis of the kidney stone. Make sure to include a
descriptive title of the kidney stone type that was synthesized. Provide calculations for theoretical and
percent yields for your synthetic kidney stone. (10 pts.)

Week 2: Provide a step-by-step sample calculation for determining the solubility product constant (Ksp)
for one of your kidney stones. (10 pts.)

/20

References

➢ Any idea, concept, application

etc., that did not originate

personally from you must be

cited.

➢ As a reminder, directly quoting

an external source is

unacceptable.

➢ You are required to paraphrase,

in your own words, all cited

information that appears in this

assignment.

➢ Plagiarism is unacceptable!

Any form of plagiarism will

result in a “0” for this

assignment or other relevant

academic penalties, according

to the Academic Integrity

Policy.

Follow the ACS (American Chemical Society) format and have

both, in-text citation (3pts) as well as the full citation under

references (3pts).

In- Text Citations:

❖ Cite both answers. The questions cannot be answered without

the details in the article.

❖ All in-text citations should be cited with a superscript number

and should match the appropriate cited external reference in

the references section.

❖ Superscript numbers are issued and listed based on the order

they appear in the document. Not based on the alphabetical last

name of the author of the external source you are citing.

Full Citation:

❖ List the full details of the article based on the ACS format and

any other source used to prepare the report.

❖ The sources must be numbered based on the corresponding

number cited in the text.

❖ If you are only citing the one article, the number should be one

(1). Same number for the in-text citation no matter how many

times you cite the source in the text.

Tip: Within your Canvas course under the “Supporting Documents”

Module, there is a resource entitled “American Chemical Society

Citation Sources” that provides guidance to the ACS format. The third

link covers details on in-text citations, and the second link covers

details on how to format the full citation based on the type of source

used.

/6

**## kidneystonereport.docx**

**Results**

| | | | | | | | |
| — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| | Mass (g) | ML sample | EDTA initial | EDTA final | EDTA final end point | EDTA mol | ca 2+ Concentration |
| Flask #1 | 0.085 | 20 | 0 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 0.0003 | 0.02 |
| Flask #2 | 0.11 | 20 | 0 | 4.7 | 4.7 | 0.0002 | 0.01 |
| Flask #3 | 0.12 | 20 | 4.7 | 9 | 4.3 | 0.0002 | 0.01 |

**Given Data**

·
**Container Masses:**

· Empty container: 2.59 g

· Container with solid: 7.28 g

· Actual yield (solid mass): 7.28 g – 2.59 g = 4.69 g

· Theoretical Yield: 3.0 g

· Percent Yield:

· (4.69 / 3.0) × 100 = 156.33%

· EDTA Titration Data:

· EDTA concentration: 0.05 M

· Flask #1:

· Mass: 0.085 g

· Sample volume: 20 mL

· EDTA volume: 4.3 mL

· Flask #2:

· Mass: 0.11 g

· Sample volume: 20 mL

· EDTA volume: 4.7 mL

· Flask #3:

· Mass: 0.12 g

· Sample volume: 20 mL

· EDTA volume: 4.3 mL

· Assumptions:

· EDTA reacts with Ca²⁺ in a 1:1 molar ratio.

· The 4.69 g solid is likely CaCO₃ (molar mass 100 g/mol), dissolved in ~436.3 mL, with 20 mL aliquots titrated.

· Flask masses (0.085 g, 0.11 g, 0.12 g) are subsamples of the 4.69 g solid.

Calculations

Flask #1

· EDTA Moles:

· EDTA volume: 4.3 mL = 0.0043 L

· EDTA concentration: 0.05 M

· EDTA moles: 0.05 × 0.0043 = 0.000215 mol

· Ca²⁺ Concentration:

· Ca²⁺ moles = EDTA moles = 0.000215 mol

· Sample volume: 20 mL = 0.02 L

· Ca²⁺ concentration: 0.000215 / 0.02 = 0.01075 M

Flask #2

· EDTA Moles:

· EDTA volume: 4.7 mL = 0.0047 L

· EDTA concentration: 0.05 M

· EDTA moles: 0.05 × 0.0047 = 0.000235 mol

· Ca²⁺ Concentration:

· Ca²⁺ moles = 0.000235 mol

· Sample volume: 20 mL = 0.02 L

· Ca²⁺ concentration: 0.000235 / 0.02 = 0.01175 M

Flask #3

· EDTA Moles:

· EDTA volume: 4.3 mL = 0.0043 L

· EDTA concentration: 0.05 M

· EDTA moles: 0.05 × 0.0043 = 0.000215 mol

· Ca²⁺ Concentration:

· Ca²⁺ moles = 0.000215 mol

· Sample volume: 20 mL = 0.02 L

· Ca²⁺ concentration: 0.000215 / 0.02 = 0.01075 M

Connection to 4.69 g Solid

· Solid Composition:

· Assume 4.69 g is CaCO₃

· Moles CaCO₃: 4.69 / 100 = 0.0469 mol

· Ca²⁺ moles: 0.0469 mol

· Dissolution Volume (using Flask #1):

· Ca²⁺ moles in 20 mL: 0.000215 mol

· If dissolved in volume V (L):

· 0.0469 × (0.02 / V) = 0.000215

· V = (0.0469 × 0.02) / 0.000215 ≈ 0.4363 L (436.3 mL)

· Ca²⁺ concentration in 436.3 mL: 0.0469 / 0.4363 ≈ 0.1075 M

· In 20 mL: 0.1075 × (0.02 / 0.4363) ≈ 0.00493 M (lower than 0.01075 M, suggesting impurities)

· Theoretical Yield (3.0 g CaCO₃):

· Moles CaCO₃: 3.0 / 100 = 0.03 mol

· In 436.3 mL: 0.03 / 0.4363 ≈ 0.0687 M

· In 20 mL: 0.0687 × (0.02 / 0.4363) ≈ 0.00315 M (lower than flask concentrations)

Final Answer

· Flask #1:

· EDTA moles: 0.000215 mol

· Ca²⁺ concentration: 0.01075 M

· Flask #2:

· EDTA moles: 0.000235 mol

· Ca²⁺ concentration: 0.01175 M

· Flask #3:

· EDTA moles: 0.000215 mol

· Ca²⁺ concentration: 0.01075 M

**Book.pdf**

This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/book-pdf-10431755)

**## kidneystonestodo.pdf**

To do

Post-Lab Research Connection Assignment

According to the ACE-Labs model (read Pages 3 and 4 of the laboratory manual for details),
this lab course also aims to create research connections for the students that will bring
them closer to understanding research as a social endeavor. We attempt to facilitate
students’ understanding of the relevance of scientific research in modern society. For
many, the very complex and rapid scientific and technological development of our society
can be a black box. We may perceive the advances in medicine and materials,
technological gadgets, etc. but do not really comprehend their origin and their connection
with scientific research.

Assignment Details

Read and follow the details below and in the rubric. Scroll this page all the way down so not
to miss any important information regarding this assignment. Refer to the following PDF
document to find the details of the rubric and some tips to complete this assignment
successfully. Your instructor will follow the rubric to grade your assignment. Turnitin will be
used to screen assignments for potential plagiarism. Refer to the links and resources
shared in the syllabus regarding how to avoid plagiarism.

Submit a fully typed Word document addressing each part of the rubric. Note that the
assignment should be completed individually and not as a group. Include your name,
the date, and the title of the project at the top of the page. Your typed report must
include:

1) Research Connection Article Section: Each student must search for a journal article,
published in an accredited scientific peer-reviewed journal, that is related to the
experiment you performed in this Module. The article must have been published within the
last 7 years.

2) Experimental Results Section: Organize (in labeled tables) and present the results
obtained for Week 1 and Week 2 of the project: "Kidney Stones" in this Module.

1) General Instructions for the Research Connection Article Section

• The article must discuss any of the techniques that were performed in the lab OR
discuss the topic of the experiment.

• The article must have been published within the last 7 years.

• You need to read the article and answer ALL the questions in the rubric. Make sure
to answer each question separately and with details, not just with a simply yes or
no.

• Your assignment must be a TYPED Word document.

• You must include proper citations. This includes in-text citations after every answer
and a regular citation at the end of the assignment.

• Follow the American Chemical Society, ACS-style citations. You can find details
about ACS citations under the "Supporting Documents" Module.

2) General Instructions for the Experimental Results Section

• Separate your results into Week 1 and Week 2.

• For Week 1, organize the results obtained for the synthesis of the kidney stone.
Make sure to include a descriptive title of the kidney stone type that was
synthesized. Provide calculations for theoretical and percent yields for your
synthetic kidney stone.

• For Week 2, provide a step-by-step sample calculation for determining the solubility
product constant (Ksp) for one of your kidney stones.

**## Module2Pt2_PreLabPlan1.pdf**

Project 2: Kidney Stones

Synthesis of Kidney Stones

CHM2046L, Section 011, Group 2
October 16th, 2025

Lab Partners:
Kayce Boucher,
Emily Morales,
Ashley Nguyen,

and Sixto Sanchez.

Aim (Sixto Sanchez):

This experiment aims to determine whether various home medicines in dissolving the artificial

kidney stones are synthesized during the first week. The efficacy of each therapy, the stones'

solubility constant (Ksp) will be computed to compare their relative solubility. This will assist in

assessing the chemical elements that affect the dissolving of stones and provide an explanation

for the apparent or nonexistent effectiveness of each remedy.

Materials (Sixto Sanchez):

• Analytical balance

• Spatula or stirring rod

• Beaker: 100 mL and 250 mL

• Erlenmeyer flask: 125 mL

• Graduated cylinder: 10 mL

• Pipettes

• Vacuum filtration

• Funnel

• Drying plate

Chemicals/Hazards (Ashley Nguyen):

Chemical Name Chemical

Formula

Chemical

Weight

(g/mol)

Physical

Appearance

Specific

Hazards &

Additional

Notes

Deionized Water 𝐻2𝑂

18.0 g/mol Form: clear,

liquid

N/A

Calcium Phosphate 𝐶a3(𝑃𝑂4)2

234.05 g/mol Color: white

Form: odorless

power

If skin contact:

rinse skin with

water/shower

If eye contact:

rise with

Appearance:

crystalline

water, call

doctor

Not

combustible

but ambient

fire may

liberate vapors

Apple Cider Vinegar (acidic acid)

𝐶𝐻3𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐻

~60.052

g/mol

Physical state

& appearance:

liquid

Odor:

Pungent,

vinegar-like

Color: clear to

yellowish

brown tint

Avoid

breathing

vapor, contact

with eyes,

skin, and

clothing.

Treat or

dispose of

waste material

as a weak acid

Methods and Procedures (Kayce Boucher):
• Weigh the artificial kidney stones using an analytical scale.
• Measure 25 mL of the ACV in a 25 mL graduated cylinder.
• Transfer this to a 50 mL beaker.
• Set the beaker up on a magnetic stirrer plate.
• Measure and record the pH of the solutions.
• Place the stone into the beaker.
• Allow the stone to react with the solution.
• When the reaction is completed, filter the solution through a filter lined funnel into a

waste beaker.
• Collect the remaining solid particles.
• Dry the remaining solid particles.

• When it is dried weigh it using an analytical balance.

Calculations (Emily Morales):

Formula to find the solubility constant:

“s” is the molar solubility of calcium phosphate, experimentally determined.

**## ResearchConnectionAssignmentDetailsGC2-S25.pdf**

Research Connection Assignment-Detailed Rubric

General

Report

Content

1. Choose a concept/topic or a technique from the experiment you performed in this Module and find a

recent peer-reviewed scientific article that relates to the concept chosen.

2. Organize the results and include the calculations related to this project: Kidney Stones

Finding the

Journal

Article

How to search for a scientific article with free access

Use a scientific search engine such as:

– Google Scholar

– Science Direct

– Web of Science

– USF Library E-Journals

The article chosen should be published within the past seven (7) years.

Tip: Within your Canvas course, under the “Supporting Documents” Module, there is a resource titled

“Searching the Literature for Sources” that provides additional information on how to search the

literature for appropriate research articles.

The following questions you must be answered for the Research Connection portion of the assignment:

Research

Connection

Assignment

Questions

1) Which specific topic or technique did you find in the article to be related to the experiment you

performed in this Module? Give a clear short explanation of the connection between the two.

(4 pts.)

/14

2) A. What procedure(s) did the researchers utilize to meet the objective(s) of the experiment in the

article? Don't list the procedural steps. (4 pts.)

B. What results did they collect? Give a brief summary of the key results. (3 pts.)

C. How did they analyze their work? Summarize the techniques or approaches used. (3 pts.)

Experimental
Results

The following details must be addressed in the experimental results portion of the assignment:

Week 1: Organize the results obtained for the synthesis of the kidney stone. Make sure to include a
descriptive title of the kidney stone type that was synthesized. Provide calculations for theoretical and
percent yields for your synthetic kidney stone. (10 pts.)

Week 2: Provide a step-by-step sample calculation for determining the solubility product constant (Ksp)
for one of your kidney stones. (10 pts.)

/20

References

➢ Any idea, concept, application

etc., that did not originate

personally from you must be

cited.

➢ As a reminder, directly quoting

an external source is

unacceptable.

➢ You are required to paraphrase,

in your own words, all cited

information that appears in this

assignment.

➢ Plagiarism is unacceptable!

Any form of plagiarism will

result in a “0” for this

assignment or other relevant

academic penalties, according

to the Academic Integrity

Policy.

Follow the ACS (American Chemical Society) format and have

both, in-text citation (3pts) as well as the full citation under

references (3pts).

In- Text Citations:

❖ Cite both answers. The questions cannot be answered without

the details in the article.

❖ All in-text citations should be cited with a superscript number

and should match the appropriate cited external reference in

the references section.

❖ Superscript numbers are issued and listed based on the order

they appear in the document. Not based on the alphabetical last

name of the author of the external source you are citing.

Full Citation:

❖ List the full details of the article based on the ACS format and

any other source used to prepare the report.

❖ The sources must be numbered based on the corresponding

number cited in the text.

❖ If you are only citing the one article, the number should be one

(1). Same number for the in-text citation no matter how many

times you cite the source in the text.

Tip: Within your Canvas course under the “Supporting Documents”

Module, there is a resource entitled “American Chemical Society

Citation Sources” that provides guidance to the ACS format. The third

link covers details on in-text citations, and the second link covers

details on how to format the full citation based on the type of source

used.

/6

**## kidneystonereport.docx**

**Results**

| | | | | | | | |
| — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| | Mass (g) | ML sample | EDTA initial | EDTA final | EDTA final end point | EDTA mol | ca 2+ Concentration |
| Flask #1 | 0.085 | 20 | 0 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 0.0003 | 0.02 |
| Flask #2 | 0.11 | 20 | 0 | 4.7 | 4.7 | 0.0002 | 0.01 |
| Flask #3 | 0.12 | 20 | 4.7 | 9 | 4.3 | 0.0002 | 0.01 |

**Given Data**

·
**Container Masses:**

· Empty container: 2.59 g

· Container with solid: 7.28 g

· Actual yield (solid mass): 7.28 g – 2.59 g = 4.69 g

· Theoretical Yield: 3.0 g

· Percent Yield:

· (4.69 / 3.0) × 100 = 156.33%

· EDTA Titration Data:

· EDTA concentration: 0.05 M

· Flask #1:

· Mass: 0.085 g

· Sample volume: 20 mL

· EDTA volume: 4.3 mL

· Flask #2:

· Mass: 0.11 g

· Sample volume: 20 mL

· EDTA volume: 4.7 mL

· Flask #3:

· Mass: 0.12 g

· Sample volume: 20 mL

· EDTA volume: 4.3 mL

· Assumptions:

· EDTA reacts with Ca²⁺ in a 1:1 molar ratio.

· The 4.69 g solid is likely CaCO₃ (molar mass 100 g/mol), dissolved in ~436.3 mL, with 20 mL aliquots titrated.

· Flask masses (0.085 g, 0.11 g, 0.12 g) are subsamples of the 4.69 g solid.

Calculations

Flask #1

· EDTA Moles:

· EDTA volume: 4.3 mL = 0.0043 L

· EDTA concentration: 0.05 M

· EDTA moles: 0.05 × 0.0043 = 0.000215 mol

· Ca²⁺ Concentration:

· Ca²⁺ moles = EDTA moles = 0.000215 mol

· Sample volume: 20 mL = 0.02 L

· Ca²⁺ concentration: 0.000215 / 0.02 = 0.01075 M

Flask #2

· EDTA Moles:

· EDTA volume: 4.7 mL = 0.0047 L

· EDTA concentration: 0.05 M

· EDTA moles: 0.05 × 0.0047 = 0.000235 mol

· Ca²⁺ Concentration:

· Ca²⁺ moles = 0.000235 mol

· Sample volume: 20 mL = 0.02 L

· Ca²⁺ concentration: 0.000235 / 0.02 = 0.01175 M

Flask #3

· EDTA Moles:

· EDTA volume: 4.3 mL = 0.0043 L

· EDTA concentration: 0.05 M

· EDTA moles: 0.05 × 0.0043 = 0.000215 mol

· Ca²⁺ Concentration:

· Ca²⁺ moles = 0.000215 mol

· Sample volume: 20 mL = 0.02 L

· Ca²⁺ concentration: 0.000215 / 0.02 = 0.01075 M

Connection to 4.69 g Solid

· Solid Composition:

· Assume 4.69 g is CaCO₃

· Moles CaCO₃: 4.69 / 100 = 0.0469 mol

· Ca²⁺ moles: 0.0469 mol

· Dissolution Volume (using Flask #1):

· Ca²⁺ moles in 20 mL: 0.000215 mol

· If dissolved in volume V (L):

· 0.0469 × (0.02 / V) = 0.000215

· V = (0.0469 × 0.02) / 0.000215 ≈ 0.4363 L (436.3 mL)

· Ca²⁺ concentration in 436.3 mL: 0.0469 / 0.4363 ≈ 0.1075 M

· In 20 mL: 0.1075 × (0.02 / 0.4363) ≈ 0.00493 M (lower than 0.01075 M, suggesting impurities)

· Theoretical Yield (3.0 g CaCO₃):

· Moles CaCO₃: 3.0 / 100 = 0.03 mol

· In 436.3 mL: 0.03 / 0.4363 ≈ 0.0687 M

· In 20 mL: 0.0687 × (0.02 / 0.4363) ≈ 0.00315 M (lower than flask concentrations)

Final Answer

· Flask #1:

· EDTA moles: 0.000215 mol

· Ca²⁺ concentration: 0.01075 M

· Flask #2:

· EDTA moles: 0.000235 mol

· Ca²⁺ concentration: 0.01175 M

· Flask #3:

· EDTA moles: 0.000215 mol

· Ca²⁺ concentration: 0.01075 M

**Book.pdf**

This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/book-pdf-10431755)

– 1
– 2
– 3
– 4
– 5