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    – ## WellElderGeriatricSyndromesWorksheet.pdf – ## WellElderProject.correct.docx **## WellElderGeriatricSyndromesWorksheet.pdf** Well Elder Geriatric Syndromes Worksheet Objectives: • Use the nursing process to develop a nursing care plan for the older adult. • Identify learning needs of the older a…

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    Assignment Prompt & Instructions

    – ## WellElderGeriatricSyndromesWorksheet.pdf

    – ## WellElderProject.correct.docx

    **## WellElderGeriatricSyndromesWorksheet.pdf**

    Well Elder Geriatric Syndromes Worksheet

    Objectives:

    • Use the nursing process to develop a nursing care plan for the older adult.
    • Identify learning needs of the older adult.
    • Utilize evidence-based tools to identify changes related to the aging process.

    Assess for the following Geriatric syndrome problems.

    Geriatric Syndrome Yes No

    S is for Sleep Disorders

    She feels she is sleeping but not
    feeling well rested

    P is for Problems with Eating or
    Feeding

    NO

    I is for Incontinence

    NO

    C is for Confusion

    NO

    E is for Evidence of Falls

    NO

    S is for Skin Breakdown

    NO

    For the Well Elder Project, review all assessments: IADL’s, SPICES, NEIS, MMSE and formulate a plan of care utilizing the nursing process. Identify 1
    problem, write a goal and list 3 interventions for the problem identified.

    NURSING PROBLEM (complete problem statement) Disturbed sleep pattern related to changes in normal sleep routine and possible stress as evidenced
    by reports of not feeling well rested in the morning and daytime fatigue.

    GOAL (Measurable goal) The patient will report feeling more rested and achieve at least 6-8 hours of uninterrupted sleep each night within two
    weeks.

    NURSING INTERVENTIONS

    1. Assess the patient's sleep habits, bedtime routine, and factors interfering with rest (e.g., caffeine intake, environment, medications, pain, or
    anxiety)

    2. Educate the patient on proper sleep hygiene, including maintaining a consistent sleep schedule, avoiding stimulants before bedtime, and creating
    a relaxing nighttime routine (e.g., reading, light stretching, or deep breathing).

    3. Encourage participation in regular daytime physical activity and exposure to natural sunlight to help regulate the sleep-wake cycle.

    Identify a community resource relevant to your elder based on your assessment. Copy and paste website link below and
    explain why this resource will be helpful to your elder, now or in the future.

    https://www.thensf.org

    This resource provides education on healthy sleep practices, common sleep disorders, and tips to improve sleep quality. It can help the elder
    understand the importance of sleep hygiene and identify when to seek medical advice for persistent sleep problems, promoting better overall health
    and restfulness.

    [https://www.thensf.org/](https://www.thensf.org/)

    The community resource may be one of your interventions in your care plan, if it is applicable to the nursing problem.

    **## WellElderProject.correct.docx**

    **Well Elder Project**

    Foundations

    Professor Brown & Dr. Nikki

    September 19, 2025

    **Short Reflection**

    Interviewing my grandmother for the Well Elder Project was a meaningful and insightful experience. Initially, I felt excited and curious, but also a bit nervous because I wanted to ensure I communicated respectfully and professionally while still maintaining our close relationship. After completing the assessment, my perception of older adults has deepened. I have gained a greater appreciation for their independence, adaptability, and emotional strength. My grandmother, a 65-year-old woman who owns her own daycare in Pahokee, Florida, continues to demonstrate remarkable energy, mental sharpness, and self-sufficiency. She performs all her activities of daily living (ADLs) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) independently and remains very family oriented. This experience reminded me that many older adults continue to live vibrant and productive lives.

    Throughout the interview, I used two therapeutic communication techniques: active listening and open-ended questioning. Active listening allowed me to fully engage with her responses, showing interest through eye contact, verbal affirmations, and nonverbal cues. Using open-ended questions such as “What do you enjoy most about running your daycare?” and “How do you stay motivated each day?” encouraged her to reflect and share her personal experiences more deeply. These strategies created a comfortable environment for conversation and helped strengthen the connection between us.

    I did not experience any significant communication challenges with my grandmother. She was alert, cooperative, and expressive throughout the assessment. However, I remained mindful not to assume I already knew her answers simply because she is family. This helped me maintain objectivity and professionalism.

    Moving forward in my nursing practice, I plan to approach communication with older adults by using patience, respect, and empathy. I will speak to them as I would any other adult while allowing extra time for them to respond or process information as needed. I understand that every older adult has different cognitive and physical abilities, so individualized communication is essential. Using evidence-based assessment tools such as the Lawton-Brody IADL, NEIS, SPICES, Mini-Mental State Exam, and 24-hour diet recall felt comfortable and enjoyable. These tools guided the interview process and allowed for meaningful dialogue about my grandmother’s health and lifestyle in a structured, evidence-based way.

    **24 Hour Diet Recall**

    Breakfast (7:30 AM)

        •    1 boiled egg

        •    1 slice of whole-wheat toast with a teaspoon of butter

        •    ½ cup of sliced strawberries

        •    1 cup of coffee with a splash of creamer and 1 teaspoon of sugar

    Notes: Grandma eats breakfast early before opening her daycare. She prefers something light but energizing.

    ⸻

    Morning Snack (10:00 AM)

        •    1 small banana

        •    1 bottle of water

    Notes: Keeps a snack handy while watching the kids.

    ⸻

    Lunch (12:30 PM)

        •    1 grilled chicken breast

        •    ½ cup of yellow rice

        •    ½ cup of sautéed green beans

        •    1 small dinner roll

        •    1 glass of unsweetened iced tea with lemon

    Notes: She likes cooking simple, home-style meals for herself and sometimes shares with the kids at the daycare.

    ⸻

    Afternoon Snack (3:30 PM)

        •    A small handful of mixed nuts (almonds and cashews)

        •    1 apple

    Notes: Keeps her energy up before the daycare closes.

    ⸻

    Dinner (6:30 PM)

        •    1 serving of baked salmon

        •    ½ cup of mashed sweet potatoes

        •    1 cup of steamed broccoli

        •    1 glass of water or light lemonade

    Notes: She prefers light, healthy dinners and usually eats with family.

    ⸻

    Evening Snack (8:30 PM)

        •    ½ cup of Greek yogurt with honey

    Notes: Enjoys this before bed while watching TV.

    ⸻

    Daily Summary:

        •    Estimated calorie intake: ~1,700–1,900 kcal

        •    Protein sources: Eggs, chicken, salmon, yogurt, nuts

        •    Fruits/vegetables: Strawberries, banana, apple, green beans, broccoli, sweet potato

        •    Fluids: Good hydration, moderate caffeine

        •    Diet pattern: Balanced with moderate portions and limited processed food

    **Nursing Care Plan**

    **NURSING PROBLEM** (complete problem statement) Disturbed sleep pattern related to changes in normal sleep routine and possible stress as evidenced

    by reports of not feeling well rested in the morning and daytime fatigue.

    **GOAL** (Measurable goal) The patient will report feeling more rested and achieve at least 6-8 hours of uninterrupted sleep each night within two

    weeks.

    **NURSING INTERVENTIONS**

    **1.** Assess the patient's sleep habits, bedtime routine, and factors interfering with rest (e.g., caffeine intake, environment, medications, pain, or

    anxiety)

    **2.** Educate the patient on proper sleep hygiene, including maintaining a consistent sleep schedule, avoiding stimulants before bedtime, and creating

    a relaxing nighttime routine (e.g., reading, light stretching, or deep breathing).

    **3.** Encourage participation in regular daytime physical activity and exposure to natural sunlight to help regulate the sleep-wake cycle.

    **Community Resource**

    Community Resource: Pahokee Senior Wellness Program (City of Pahokee Community Center)

    The Pahokee Senior Wellness Program is a local community resource designed to promote physical activity, mental wellness, and social engagement among older adults. The program takes place at the Pahokee Community Center and offers structured daily activities such as group exercise, arts and crafts, social events, and educational health sessions.

    This resource would benefit my older adult, who has been having trouble feeling well rested. Participating in regular daytime activities through the wellness program can help her maintain a consistent daily routine and reduce long naps throughout the day, which often interfere with nighttime sleep. Staying physically active increases natural tiredness by bedtime, helping her fall asleep more easily and achieve deeper rest. In addition, being socially involved with peers her age can reduce stress, anxiety, or loneliness, which are common factors that affect sleep quality in older adults.

    In the future, this resource can continue to support her overall well-being by helping her stay connected to her community, maintain independence, and engage in activities that promote healthy aging. If her sleep difficulties persist or change over time, the program also provides connections to other supportive services, such as health screenings and referrals for medical or behavioral assistance. By participating in this program, my elder can enhance both her sleep quality and her long-term physical and emotional health.

    How it relates to my nursing problem:

    This community resource supports the nursing problem of
    _Disturbed sleep pattern related to changes in rest routine as evidenced by reports of not feeling well rested._ The Pahokee Senior Wellness Program promotes regular activity, socialization, and mental stimulation—all of which help regulate sleep patterns and improve overall rest and wellness.

    **## WellElderProject.correct.docx**

    **Well Elder Project**

    Foundations

    Professor Brown & Dr. Nikki

    September 19, 2025

    **Short Reflection**

    Interviewing my grandmother for the Well Elder Project was a meaningful and insightful experience. Initially, I felt excited and curious, but also a bit nervous because I wanted to ensure I communicated respectfully and professionally while still maintaining our close relationship. After completing the assessment, my perception of older adults has deepened. I have gained a greater appreciation for their independence, adaptability, and emotional strength. My grandmother, a 65-year-old woman who owns her own daycare in Pahokee, Florida, continues to demonstrate remarkable energy, mental sharpness, and self-sufficiency. She performs all her activities of daily living (ADLs) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) independently and remains very family oriented. This experience reminded me that many older adults continue to live vibrant and productive lives.

    Throughout the interview, I used two therapeutic communication techniques: active listening and open-ended questioning. Active listening allowed me to fully engage with her responses, showing interest through eye contact, verbal affirmations, and nonverbal cues. Using open-ended questions such as “What do you enjoy most about running your daycare?” and “How do you stay motivated each day?” encouraged her to reflect and share her personal experiences more deeply. These strategies created a comfortable environment for conversation and helped strengthen the connection between us.

    I did not experience any significant communication challenges with my grandmother. She was alert, cooperative, and expressive throughout the assessment. However, I remained mindful not to assume I already knew her answers simply because she is family. This helped me maintain objectivity and professionalism.

    Moving forward in my nursing practice, I plan to approach communication with older adults by using patience, respect, and empathy. I will speak to them as I would any other adult while allowing extra time for them to respond or process information as needed. I understand that every older adult has different cognitive and physical abilities, so individualized communication is essential. Using evidence-based assessment tools such as the Lawton-Brody IADL, NEIS, SPICES, Mini-Mental State Exam, and 24-hour diet recall felt comfortable and enjoyable. These tools guided the interview process and allowed for meaningful dialogue about my grandmother’s health and lifestyle in a structured, evidence-based way.

    **24 Hour Diet Recall**

    Breakfast (7:30 AM)

        •    1 boiled egg

        •    1 slice of whole-wheat toast with a teaspoon of butter

        •    ½ cup of sliced strawberries

        •    1 cup of coffee with a splash of creamer and 1 teaspoon of sugar

    Notes: Grandma eats breakfast early before opening her daycare. She prefers something light but energizing.

    ⸻

    Morning Snack (10:00 AM)

        •    1 small banana

        •    1 bottle of water

    Notes: Keeps a snack handy while watching the kids.

    ⸻

    Lunch (12:30 PM)

        •    1 grilled chicken breast

        •    ½ cup of yellow rice

        •    ½ cup of sautéed green beans

        •    1 small dinner roll

        •    1 glass of unsweetened iced tea with lemon

    Notes: She likes cooking simple, home-style meals for herself and sometimes shares with the kids at the daycare.

    ⸻

    Afternoon Snack (3:30 PM)

        •    A small handful of mixed nuts (almonds and cashews)

        •    1 apple

    Notes: Keeps her energy up before the daycare closes.

    ⸻

    Dinner (6:30 PM)

        •    1 serving of baked salmon

        •    ½ cup of mashed sweet potatoes

        •    1 cup of steamed broccoli

        •    1 glass of water or light lemonade

    Notes: She prefers light, healthy dinners and usually eats with family.

    ⸻

    Evening Snack (8:30 PM)

        •    ½ cup of Greek yogurt with honey

    Notes: Enjoys this before bed while watching TV.

    ⸻

    Daily Summary:

        •    Estimated calorie intake: ~1,700–1,900 kcal

        •    Protein sources: Eggs, chicken, salmon, yogurt, nuts

        •    Fruits/vegetables: Strawberries, banana, apple, green beans, broccoli, sweet potato

        •    Fluids: Good hydration, moderate caffeine

        •    Diet pattern: Balanced with moderate portions and limited processed food

    **Nursing Care Plan**

    **NURSING PROBLEM** (complete problem statement) Disturbed sleep pattern related to changes in normal sleep routine and possible stress as evidenced

    by reports of not feeling well rested in the morning and daytime fatigue.

    **GOAL** (Measurable goal) The patient will report feeling more rested and achieve at least 6-8 hours of uninterrupted sleep each night within two

    weeks.

    **NURSING INTERVENTIONS**

    **1.** Assess the patient's sleep habits, bedtime routine, and factors interfering with rest (e.g., caffeine intake, environment, medications, pain, or

    anxiety)

    **2.** Educate the patient on proper sleep hygiene, including maintaining a consistent sleep schedule, avoiding stimulants before bedtime, and creating

    a relaxing nighttime routine (e.g., reading, light stretching, or deep breathing).

    **3.** Encourage participation in regular daytime physical activity and exposure to natural sunlight to help regulate the sleep-wake cycle.

    **Community Resource**

    Community Resource: Pahokee Senior Wellness Program (City of Pahokee Community Center)

    The Pahokee Senior Wellness Program is a local community resource designed to promote physical activity, mental wellness, and social engagement among older adults. The program takes place at the Pahokee Community Center and offers structured daily activities such as group exercise, arts and crafts, social events, and educational health sessions.

    This resource would benefit my older adult, who has been having trouble feeling well rested. Participating in regular daytime activities through the wellness program can help her maintain a consistent daily routine and reduce long naps throughout the day, which often interfere with nighttime sleep. Staying physically active increases natural tiredness by bedtime, helping her fall asleep more easily and achieve deeper rest. In addition, being socially involved with peers her age can reduce stress, anxiety, or loneliness, which are common factors that affect sleep quality in older adults.

    In the future, this resource can continue to support her overall well-being by helping her stay connected to her community, maintain independence, and engage in activities that promote healthy aging. If her sleep difficulties persist or change over time, the program also provides connections to other supportive services, such as health screenings and referrals for medical or behavioral assistance. By participating in this program, my elder can enhance both her sleep quality and her long-term physical and emotional health.

    How it relates to my nursing problem:

    This community resource supports the nursing problem of
    _Disturbed sleep pattern related to changes in rest routine as evidenced by reports of not feeling well rested._ The Pahokee Senior Wellness Program promotes regular activity, socialization, and mental stimulation—all of which help regulate sleep patterns and improve overall rest and wellness.

    **## WellElderGeriatricSyndromesWorksheet.pdf**

    Well Elder Geriatric Syndromes Worksheet

    Objectives:

    • Use the nursing process to develop a nursing care plan for the older adult.
    • Identify learning needs of the older adult.
    • Utilize evidence-based tools to identify changes related to the aging process.

    Assess for the following Geriatric syndrome problems.

    Geriatric Syndrome Yes No

    S is for Sleep Disorders

    She feels she is sleeping but not
    feeling well rested

    P is for Problems with Eating or
    Feeding

    NO

    I is for Incontinence

    NO

    C is for Confusion

    NO

    E is for Evidence of Falls

    NO

    S is for Skin Breakdown

    NO

    For the Well Elder Project, review all assessments: IADL’s, SPICES, NEIS, MMSE and formulate a plan of care utilizing the nursing process. Identify 1
    problem, write a goal and list 3 interventions for the problem identified.

    NURSING PROBLEM (complete problem statement) Disturbed sleep pattern related to changes in normal sleep routine and possible stress as evidenced
    by reports of not feeling well rested in the morning and daytime fatigue.

    GOAL (Measurable goal) The patient will report feeling more rested and achieve at least 6-8 hours of uninterrupted sleep each night within two
    weeks.

    NURSING INTERVENTIONS

    1. Assess the patient's sleep habits, bedtime routine, and factors interfering with rest (e.g., caffeine intake, environment, medications, pain, or
    anxiety)

    2. Educate the patient on proper sleep hygiene, including maintaining a consistent sleep schedule, avoiding stimulants before bedtime, and creating
    a relaxing nighttime routine (e.g., reading, light stretching, or deep breathing).

    3. Encourage participation in regular daytime physical activity and exposure to natural sunlight to help regulate the sleep-wake cycle.

    Identify a community resource relevant to your elder based on your assessment. Copy and paste website link below and
    explain why this resource will be helpful to your elder, now or in the future.

    https://www.thensf.org

    This resource provides education on healthy sleep practices, common sleep disorders, and tips to improve sleep quality. It can help the elder
    understand the importance of sleep hygiene and identify when to seek medical advice for persistent sleep problems, promoting better overall health
    and restfulness.

    [https://www.thensf.org/](https://www.thensf.org/)

    The community resource may be one of your interventions in your care plan, if it is applicable to the nursing problem.

    **## WellElderProject.correct.docx**

    **Well Elder Project**

    Foundations

    Professor Brown & Dr. Nikki

    September 19, 2025

    **Short Reflection**

    Interviewing my grandmother for the Well Elder Project was a meaningful and insightful experience. Initially, I felt excited and curious, but also a bit nervous because I wanted to ensure I communicated respectfully and professionally while still maintaining our close relationship. After completing the assessment, my perception of older adults has deepened. I have gained a greater appreciation for their independence, adaptability, and emotional strength. My grandmother, a 65-year-old woman who owns her own daycare in Pahokee, Florida, continues to demonstrate remarkable energy, mental sharpness, and self-sufficiency. She performs all her activities of daily living (ADLs) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) independently and remains very family oriented. This experience reminded me that many older adults continue to live vibrant and productive lives.

    Throughout the interview, I used two therapeutic communication techniques: active listening and open-ended questioning. Active listening allowed me to fully engage with her responses, showing interest through eye contact, verbal affirmations, and nonverbal cues. Using open-ended questions such as “What do you enjoy most about running your daycare?” and “How do you stay motivated each day?” encouraged her to reflect and share her personal experiences more deeply. These strategies created a comfortable environment for conversation and helped strengthen the connection between us.

    I did not experience any significant communication challenges with my grandmother. She was alert, cooperative, and expressive throughout the assessment. However, I remained mindful not to assume I already knew her answers simply because she is family. This helped me maintain objectivity and professionalism.

    Moving forward in my nursing practice, I plan to approach communication with older adults by using patience, respect, and empathy. I will speak to them as I would any other adult while allowing extra time for them to respond or process information as needed. I understand that every older adult has different cognitive and physical abilities, so individualized communication is essential. Using evidence-based assessment tools such as the Lawton-Brody IADL, NEIS, SPICES, Mini-Mental State Exam, and 24-hour diet recall felt comfortable and enjoyable. These tools guided the interview process and allowed for meaningful dialogue about my grandmother’s health and lifestyle in a structured, evidence-based way.

    **24 Hour Diet Recall**

    Breakfast (7:30 AM)

        •    1 boiled egg

        •    1 slice of whole-wheat toast with a teaspoon of butter

        •    ½ cup of sliced strawberries

        •    1 cup of coffee with a splash of creamer and 1 teaspoon of sugar

    Notes: Grandma eats breakfast early before opening her daycare. She prefers something light but energizing.

    ⸻

    Morning Snack (10:00 AM)

        •    1 small banana

        •    1 bottle of water

    Notes: Keeps a snack handy while watching the kids.

    ⸻

    Lunch (12:30 PM)

        •    1 grilled chicken breast

        •    ½ cup of yellow rice

        •    ½ cup of sautéed green beans

        •    1 small dinner roll

        •    1 glass of unsweetened iced tea with lemon

    Notes: She likes cooking simple, home-style meals for herself and sometimes shares with the kids at the daycare.

    ⸻

    Afternoon Snack (3:30 PM)

        •    A small handful of mixed nuts (almonds and cashews)

        •    1 apple

    Notes: Keeps her energy up before the daycare closes.

    ⸻

    Dinner (6:30 PM)

        •    1 serving of baked salmon

        •    ½ cup of mashed sweet potatoes

        •    1 cup of steamed broccoli

        •    1 glass of water or light lemonade

    Notes: She prefers light, healthy dinners and usually eats with family.

    ⸻

    Evening Snack (8:30 PM)

        •    ½ cup of Greek yogurt with honey

    Notes: Enjoys this before bed while watching TV.

    ⸻

    Daily Summary:

        •    Estimated calorie intake: ~1,700–1,900 kcal

        •    Protein sources: Eggs, chicken, salmon, yogurt, nuts

        •    Fruits/vegetables: Strawberries, banana, apple, green beans, broccoli, sweet potato

        •    Fluids: Good hydration, moderate caffeine

        •    Diet pattern: Balanced with moderate portions and limited processed food

    **Nursing Care Plan**

    **NURSING PROBLEM** (complete problem statement) Disturbed sleep pattern related to changes in normal sleep routine and possible stress as evidenced

    by reports of not feeling well rested in the morning and daytime fatigue.

    **GOAL** (Measurable goal) The patient will report feeling more rested and achieve at least 6-8 hours of uninterrupted sleep each night within two

    weeks.

    **NURSING INTERVENTIONS**

    **1.** Assess the patient's sleep habits, bedtime routine, and factors interfering with rest (e.g., caffeine intake, environment, medications, pain, or

    anxiety)

    **2.** Educate the patient on proper sleep hygiene, including maintaining a consistent sleep schedule, avoiding stimulants before bedtime, and creating

    a relaxing nighttime routine (e.g., reading, light stretching, or deep breathing).

    **3.** Encourage participation in regular daytime physical activity and exposure to natural sunlight to help regulate the sleep-wake cycle.

    **Community Resource**

    Community Resource: Pahokee Senior Wellness Program (City of Pahokee Community Center)

    The Pahokee Senior Wellness Program is a local community resource designed to promote physical activity, mental wellness, and social engagement among older adults. The program takes place at the Pahokee Community Center and offers structured daily activities such as group exercise, arts and crafts, social events, and educational health sessions.

    This resource would benefit my older adult, who has been having trouble feeling well rested. Participating in regular daytime activities through the wellness program can help her maintain a consistent daily routine and reduce long naps throughout the day, which often interfere with nighttime sleep. Staying physically active increases natural tiredness by bedtime, helping her fall asleep more easily and achieve deeper rest. In addition, being socially involved with peers her age can reduce stress, anxiety, or loneliness, which are common factors that affect sleep quality in older adults.

    In the future, this resource can continue to support her overall well-being by helping her stay connected to her community, maintain independence, and engage in activities that promote healthy aging. If her sleep difficulties persist or change over time, the program also provides connections to other supportive services, such as health screenings and referrals for medical or behavioral assistance. By participating in this program, my elder can enhance both her sleep quality and her long-term physical and emotional health.

    How it relates to my nursing problem:

    This community resource supports the nursing problem of
    _Disturbed sleep pattern related to changes in rest routine as evidenced by reports of not feeling well rested._ The Pahokee Senior Wellness Program promotes regular activity, socialization, and mental stimulation—all of which help regulate sleep patterns and improve overall rest and wellness.

    **## WellElderGeriatricSyndromesWorksheet.pdf**

    Well Elder Geriatric Syndromes Worksheet

    Objectives:

    • Use the nursing process to develop a nursing care plan for the older adult.
    • Identify learning needs of the older adult.
    • Utilize evidence-based tools to identify changes related to the aging process.

    Assess for the following Geriatric syndrome problems.

    Geriatric Syndrome Yes No

    S is for Sleep Disorders

    She feels she is sleeping but not
    feeling well rested

    P is for Problems with Eating or
    Feeding

    NO

    I is for Incontinence

    NO

    C is for Confusion

    NO

    E is for Evidence of Falls

    NO

    S is for Skin Breakdown

    NO

    For the Well Elder Project, review all assessments: IADL’s, SPICES, NEIS, MMSE and formulate a plan of care utilizing the nursing process. Identify 1
    problem, write a goal and list 3 interventions for the problem identified.

    NURSING PROBLEM (complete problem statement) Disturbed sleep pattern related to changes in normal sleep routine and possible stress as evidenced
    by reports of not feeling well rested in the morning and daytime fatigue.

    GOAL (Measurable goal) The patient will report feeling more rested and achieve at least 6-8 hours of uninterrupted sleep each night within two
    weeks.

    NURSING INTERVENTIONS

    1. Assess the patient's sleep habits, bedtime routine, and factors interfering with rest (e.g., caffeine intake, environment, medications, pain, or
    anxiety)

    2. Educate the patient on proper sleep hygiene, including maintaining a consistent sleep schedule, avoiding stimulants before bedtime, and creating
    a relaxing nighttime routine (e.g., reading, light stretching, or deep breathing).

    3. Encourage participation in regular daytime physical activity and exposure to natural sunlight to help regulate the sleep-wake cycle.

    Identify a community resource relevant to your elder based on your assessment. Copy and paste website link below and
    explain why this resource will be helpful to your elder, now or in the future.

    https://www.thensf.org

    This resource provides education on healthy sleep practices, common sleep disorders, and tips to improve sleep quality. It can help the elder
    understand the importance of sleep hygiene and identify when to seek medical advice for persistent sleep problems, promoting better overall health
    and restfulness.

    [https://www.thensf.org/](https://www.thensf.org/)

    The community resource may be one of your interventions in your care plan, if it is applicable to the nursing problem.

    **## WellElderProject.correct.docx**

    **Well Elder Project**

    Foundations

    Professor Brown & Dr. Nikki

    September 19, 2025

    **Short Reflection**

    Interviewing my grandmother for the Well Elder Project was a meaningful and insightful experience. Initially, I felt excited and curious, but also a bit nervous because I wanted to ensure I communicated respectfully and professionally while still maintaining our close relationship. After completing the assessment, my perception of older adults has deepened. I have gained a greater appreciation for their independence, adaptability, and emotional strength. My grandmother, a 65-year-old woman who owns her own daycare in Pahokee, Florida, continues to demonstrate remarkable energy, mental sharpness, and self-sufficiency. She performs all her activities of daily living (ADLs) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) independently and remains very family oriented. This experience reminded me that many older adults continue to live vibrant and productive lives.

    Throughout the interview, I used two therapeutic communication techniques: active listening and open-ended questioning. Active listening allowed me to fully engage with her responses, showing interest through eye contact, verbal affirmations, and nonverbal cues. Using open-ended questions such as “What do you enjoy most about running your daycare?” and “How do you stay motivated each day?” encouraged her to reflect and share her personal experiences more deeply. These strategies created a comfortable environment for conversation and helped strengthen the connection between us.

    I did not experience any significant communication challenges with my grandmother. She was alert, cooperative, and expressive throughout the assessment. However, I remained mindful not to assume I already knew her answers simply because she is family. This helped me maintain objectivity and professionalism.

    Moving forward in my nursing practice, I plan to approach communication with older adults by using patience, respect, and empathy. I will speak to them as I would any other adult while allowing extra time for them to respond or process information as needed. I understand that every older adult has different cognitive and physical abilities, so individualized communication is essential. Using evidence-based assessment tools such as the Lawton-Brody IADL, NEIS, SPICES, Mini-Mental State Exam, and 24-hour diet recall felt comfortable and enjoyable. These tools guided the interview process and allowed for meaningful dialogue about my grandmother’s health and lifestyle in a structured, evidence-based way.

    **24 Hour Diet Recall**

    Breakfast (7:30 AM)

        •    1 boiled egg

        •    1 slice of whole-wheat toast with a teaspoon of butter

        •    ½ cup of sliced strawberries

        •    1 cup of coffee with a splash of creamer and 1 teaspoon of sugar

    Notes: Grandma eats breakfast early before opening her daycare. She prefers something light but energizing.

    ⸻

    Morning Snack (10:00 AM)

        •    1 small banana

        •    1 bottle of water

    Notes: Keeps a snack handy while watching the kids.

    ⸻

    Lunch (12:30 PM)

        •    1 grilled chicken breast

        •    ½ cup of yellow rice

        •    ½ cup of sautéed green beans

        •    1 small dinner roll

        •    1 glass of unsweetened iced tea with lemon

    Notes: She likes cooking simple, home-style meals for herself and sometimes shares with the kids at the daycare.

    ⸻

    Afternoon Snack (3:30 PM)

        •    A small handful of mixed nuts (almonds and cashews)

        •    1 apple

    Notes: Keeps her energy up before the daycare closes.

    ⸻

    Dinner (6:30 PM)

        •    1 serving of baked salmon

        •    ½ cup of mashed sweet potatoes

        •    1 cup of steamed broccoli

        •    1 glass of water or light lemonade

    Notes: She prefers light, healthy dinners and usually eats with family.

    ⸻

    Evening Snack (8:30 PM)

        •    ½ cup of Greek yogurt with honey

    Notes: Enjoys this before bed while watching TV.

    ⸻

    Daily Summary:

        •    Estimated calorie intake: ~1,700–1,900 kcal

        •    Protein sources: Eggs, chicken, salmon, yogurt, nuts

        •    Fruits/vegetables: Strawberries, banana, apple, green beans, broccoli, sweet potato

        •    Fluids: Good hydration, moderate caffeine

        •    Diet pattern: Balanced with moderate portions and limited processed food

    **Nursing Care Plan**

    **NURSING PROBLEM** (complete problem statement) Disturbed sleep pattern related to changes in normal sleep routine and possible stress as evidenced

    by reports of not feeling well rested in the morning and daytime fatigue.

    **GOAL** (Measurable goal) The patient will report feeling more rested and achieve at least 6-8 hours of uninterrupted sleep each night within two

    weeks.

    **NURSING INTERVENTIONS**

    **1.** Assess the patient's sleep habits, bedtime routine, and factors interfering with rest (e.g., caffeine intake, environment, medications, pain, or

    anxiety)

    **2.** Educate the patient on proper sleep hygiene, including maintaining a consistent sleep schedule, avoiding stimulants before bedtime, and creating

    a relaxing nighttime routine (e.g., reading, light stretching, or deep breathing).

    **3.** Encourage participation in regular daytime physical activity and exposure to natural sunlight to help regulate the sleep-wake cycle.

    **Community Resource**

    Community Resource: Pahokee Senior Wellness Program (City of Pahokee Community Center)

    The Pahokee Senior Wellness Program is a local community resource designed to promote physical activity, mental wellness, and social engagement among older adults. The program takes place at the Pahokee Community Center and offers structured daily activities such as group exercise, arts and crafts, social events, and educational health sessions.

    This resource would benefit my older adult, who has been having trouble feeling well rested. Participating in regular daytime activities through the wellness program can help her maintain a consistent daily routine and reduce long naps throughout the day, which often interfere with nighttime sleep. Staying physically active increases natural tiredness by bedtime, helping her fall asleep more easily and achieve deeper rest. In addition, being socially involved with peers her age can reduce stress, anxiety, or loneliness, which are common factors that affect sleep quality in older adults.

    In the future, this resource can continue to support her overall well-being by helping her stay connected to her community, maintain independence, and engage in activities that promote healthy aging. If her sleep difficulties persist or change over time, the program also provides connections to other supportive services, such as health screenings and referrals for medical or behavioral assistance. By participating in this program, my elder can enhance both her sleep quality and her long-term physical and emotional health.

    How it relates to my nursing problem:

    This community resource supports the nursing problem of
    _Disturbed sleep pattern related to changes in rest routine as evidenced by reports of not feeling well rested._ The Pahokee Senior Wellness Program promotes regular activity, socialization, and mental stimulation—all of which help regulate sleep patterns and improve overall rest and wellness.

    – 1
    – 2

  • [Solved] Chemistry – Organic chemistry Paper and Power point presentation (this is a two part assignment)

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    TOPIC IS: SEVERE DIARRHEA FOR PAPER AND POWERPOINT PRESENTATION; (PLEASE READ THE BELOW INSTRUCTION CAREFULLY FOR DETAILS. **pH and Nutrition: Paper and Presentation** "Let thy food be thy medicine and let thy medicine be thy food." – Hippocrates The notion of food as medicine is making its way from…

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    Assignment Prompt & Instructions

    TOPIC IS:  SEVERE DIARRHEA  FOR PAPER AND POWERPOINT PRESENTATION;  (PLEASE READ THE BELOW INSTRUCTION CAREFULLY FOR DETAILS.
    **pH and Nutrition: Paper and Presentation**
    "Let thy food be thy medicine and let thy medicine be thy food." – Hippocrates
    The notion of food as medicine is making its way from the fringes of medicinal practice to the forefront in the prevention and treatment of many conditions. While food cannot completely replace modern pharmaceuticals in the treatment of disease, it can play a significant role in either helping or hindering the healing process.
    The purpose of this project is to expose students to the connection between nutrition and disease recovery. For this project students will be asked to research and report on a disease or condition that can lead to alterations in bodily pH values and nutritional methods that can be employed to support recovery from these diseases or conditions. This assignment will consist of both a written paper and a recorded presentation.
    **Directions**:
    _**Paper**_
    Write a paper that is 1,250–1,500 words in length that includes:
    1.A title page
    2.An introduction that includes a thesis statement. A thesis statement addresses all aspects of the paper.
    3.A description of the selected disease or condition and how it can lead to alterations in blood pH values. ( SEVERE DIARRHEA)
    4.An explanation as to why this alteration in pH is detrimental to the individual.
    5.A recommended nutritional plan for the individual that would support recovery from that disease or condition.
    The role of food is very important in the Bible as well. There are several instances where food is mentioned in relation to the health of an individual. One of those cases involved the prophet Daniel, who essentially ate only vegetables and water for a short period of time (Daniel 1:12 and Daniel 10:3). As a result, Daniel's health surpassed the health of the other men.
    Considering these two verses, along with additional resources on the Ultimate Daniel Fast website, located in the topic Resources, include the following in your paper:
    6.A summary of the Daniel Fast (including what can and cannot be eaten).
    7.The benefits and potential pitfalls of the diet from a chemistry and nutritional perspective.
    8.The value of the diet for an individual from the perspective of the Christian worldview. Are there additional biblical principles that help to guide an individual as to what should and should not be eaten? Or to the extent that something should be eaten? Does the Bible discuss any rewards for following a healthy lifestyle or consequences for not?
    9.A conclusion
    10.A reference page
    2
    Include at least 3 references from reputable sources and demonstrate adequate support for the nutritional recommendations. For full points, at least two of the sources utilized must be peer-reviewed journal articles. Examples of reputable versus non-reputable sources:
    **Reputable:**
    • Journals by authors respected and well-known in their specific fields. These can be found though the GCU library. Click in the "peer-reviewed" box in the LopeSearch to find peer-reviewed journal articles.
    • Websites from credible institutions like the Mayo Clinic or the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, where there is a specific author(s), the purpose is informative not biased, and the content is regularly updated. Also look for websites ending in .edu and .gov.
    **Non-Reputable:**
    • Self-authored sites such as blogs or Facebook posts
    • Research articles without citations
    • Websites with information not from specified author(s) or governmental department. Information is not educational, but persuasive.
    Prepare the summative paper according to the guidelines found in the APA Guide located in the Student Success Center.
    You are required to submit the paper to LopesWrite. A link to the LopesWrite technical support
    articles is located in Class Resources if you need assistance.
    _**Presentation**_
    Additionally, develop and deliver a 5-minute presentation using Microsoft PowerPoint (6–10 slides) that communicates the highlights of the research and emphasizes the recommended diet plan and how it can support recovery, helping the individual to achieve optimum levels of health. Include visuals that enhance the verbal information shared in the presentation.
    The presentation should include the following slides with the following content:
    1.Title slide
    2.Introduce the selected disease or condition and how it can lead to alterations in blood pH values.
    3.The highlights of the research
    4.Recommended diet plan
    5.How the plan can support recovery and help the individual to achieve optimum levels of health
    6.References slide

  • [Solved] Brochure

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    ELEMENT CHOSEN IS : IRON "It is health that is the real wealth and not pieces of gold and silver." – Mahatma Gandhi While the elements of gold and silver are highly prized for their monetary value, there are certain other elements, known as essential elements, that are vital to the survival of livin…

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    Assignment Prompt & Instructions

    ELEMENT CHOSEN IS : IRON
    "It is health that is the real wealth and not pieces of gold and silver." – Mahatma Gandhi
    While the elements of gold and silver are highly prized for their monetary value, there are certain other elements, known as essential elements, that are vital to the survival of living organisms. Humans must obtain all these elements through diet or respiration in order to survive and thrive. The 25 essential elements are as follows: boron, carbon, calcium, chlorine, chromium, cobalt, copper, fluorine, hydrogen, iodine, iron, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, potassium, selenium, silicon, sodium, sulfur, tin, vanadium, and zinc.
    The purpose of this project is to explore these building blocks of life and how they fit into nutrition.
    Select an element from the list above and submit it to your instructor for approval. Once approved, research information regarding nutritional sources and the required daily amount for a specific population (e.g., child, youth/adolescent, adult, senior). Using Microsoft Word, create an educational pamphlet/brochure intended for a parent or caregiver on the chosen essential element and its role in nutrition. You may use a free template provided by "Microsoft Brochure Templates," located in the topic Resources, or design one from scratch. Care and consideration should be taken for the professional presentation of the content, including the visual appeal and aesthetic quality.
    The pamphlet/brochure content should include the following subsections:
    **1. Element's Role(s) in the Human Body**
    The element may be important for one specific organ in the body, or it may be utilized in multiple organs or throughout the body. Discuss the most important or impactful role(s) that the element plays in the human body.
    **2. Nutritional, Dietary Sources of the Element**
    Avoid presenting a long list of foods that contain the chosen element but do give specific examples. When possible, include food groups that the element is found in as well.
    **3. Recommended Daily Intake and Current Average Population Intake Rates**
    Provide values for daily intake of your chosen element as provided by the National Institute of Health or other governmental agencies. Reported values may be the Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA), Adequate Intake (AI), Estimated Average Requirement (EAR), or Daily Value (DV).
    **4. Symptoms or Diseases Related to Deficiency or Toxicity of the Element**
    Discuss the symptoms or complications an individual would experience if their diet were deficient in the chosen element or if too much is ingested (toxicity). Include any differences in symptoms or disease due to short-term deficiency and/or toxicity or long-term deficiency and/or toxicity, and if the complications are permanent or can be corrected.
    **5. Morbidity and/or Mortality Rates Associated with Deficiency or Toxicity**
    Provide the associated morbidity and/or mortality rates and address what portion of the overall population suffers due to a deficiency or toxicity of the chosen essential element.
    **6. High-Risk Groups**
    This section should also address any high-risk groups within other populations based on gender, age, race, or socioeconomic status.
    In addition to the content of the pamphlet, a clear title page and references section should be included.
    Include at least three references from reputable sources that demonstrate adequate support for the nutritional recommendations. At least two of the sources utilized must be peer-reviewed journal articles. Refer to the "GCU Library's Guide for Nutrition and Dietetics" located in the topic Resources, as a starting place for research sources. References should be cited within the text of the pamphlet/brochure, following APA format.
    While APA style is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected, and documentation of sources should be presented using APA formatting guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.
    This assignment uses a rubric. Review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.
    You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. A link to the LopesWrite technical support articles is located in Class Resources if you need assistance.

  • [Solved] labreport25

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    read document – ## Laboratory_Report_Guidelines_Original_Text.pdf – ## Todo1_IMG_0389_merged.pdf – pag2.jpg – pag1.jpg – IMG_0412.png – IMG_0410.png **## Laboratory_Report_Guidelines_Original_Text.pdf** Laboratory Report Guidelines TO DO Laboratory Report Guidelines These reports should…

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    read document

    – ## Laboratory_Report_Guidelines_Original_Text.pdf

    – ## Todo1_IMG_0389_merged.pdf

    – pag2.jpg
    – pag1.jpg
    – IMG_0412.png
    – IMG_0410.png

    **## Laboratory_Report_Guidelines_Original_Text.pdf**

    Laboratory Report Guidelines

    TO DO

    Laboratory Report Guidelines

    These reports should follow general scientific guidelines. Herein we provide some fundamentals of
    writing reports. There is also a sample laboratory report with comments that you are strongly
    encouraged to check. Finally, the assessment rubrics, which your instructor or TA will use, should
    provide you with a clear idea of what is expected of you and your written reports. Make sure you review
    the lab report rubric before turning in your report. There are also a lot of other resources available to
    you at USF (e.g. Writing Studio) that can provide you with a clear idea of how to format and write
    laboratory reports. Also, check with your instructor or TA to see if they have any specific requirements
    for the written reports that you might want to consider.

    General Format

    Laboratory reports, much like scientific articles, contain the following sections: title page, introduction,
    methods (experimental section), results, discussion, conclusion, and references. In your reports, you
    will also be asked to include a Research Connection section. Most scientific articles also contain an
    abstract, but this will not be necessary for your reports.

    Title Page: This should be the first page of your report. Include the title of your report, your name, the
    course and section number, your instructor's name, and the date the paper is due. There are many
    online sources that could help you in creating informative titles for your report. Do not simply copy the
    name of the project from the laboratory manual.

    Introduction: In this section, you should introduce the reader to what you are trying to explain, and why
    it is important. Explicitly detail your project objectives and why the proposed experimental procedure
    will be effective in addressing those objectives. Include citations to valid and credible resources and
    references beyond the laboratory manual and your TA. Remember to clearly describe the source of the
    information and include it in the Reference section at the end of your report. The introduction section
    should be quite extensive and as comprehensive as possible in order to provide the reader with a good
    understanding of your project and the chemistry behind it.

    Methods (or Experimental Section): In this section you explain to the reader how you went about your
    work, and why you did it in that manner. This should be detailed; others should be able to replicate your
    work!

    Results: Use this section to include the data that helps you answer the project objectives. You will often
    need to present your results in tables, graphs and figures. However, keep in mind that you should not
    simply include tables and graphs without explaining the relevance of the data!

    Discussion: In this section you need to address how you interpret the results? Why are they relevant to
    include in your report? What are the particular strengths or weaknesses of your methods or analysis?
    These are all questions that readers are likely to want to know. By the time you have addressed these
    questions, you are ready to conclude your paper.

    Conclusions: In this section you need to provide a summary of the results and discussion. This is the
    outcome of your investigation and again should explicitly tie to what you said you were going to
    investigate in the introduction.

    The Results, Discussion and Conclusion sections are included as one in the laboratory report rubric.
    However, scientific articles have a separate subsection for each of them. Other reports may have a
    "Results and Discussion" section and a "Conclusion" section. Whereas other reports may have a
    "Results" section, and a "Discussion" section that also concludes the report. So, the decision of how to
    organize these sections will be up to you.

    References: Use this section to tell the reader where to find the sources of information you used in your
    report. In the body of the report, particularly in the Introduction and Discussion sections, you should
    have cited other sources. Refer to the Sample Laboratory Report for general examples!

    Also, you can check online for more detailed information on how to correctly cite a reference. The
    American Chemical Society (ACS) style should be followed in your lab report.

    Research Connection: This section is not a normal component of scientific reports. Sure, chemistry
    continually links their work to others through references, but they do not title a section Research
    Connection. For this section, if required, you are asked to consider your laboratory work, and how the
    work you have completed connects to current chemistry research. You may have to consult some
    outside resources for this.

    GUIDING IDEAS AND PLANNING QUESTIONS FOR THE PROJECT

    1. What safety precautions must be taken with the material you are working with?
    2. What common criteria for assessing water quality will you use?
    3. Bring a water sample from the community. At the end of this project, you will compile your data with
    all other groups in your lab. Therefore, it will be important to note the date, time, and location of your
    sample collection. Water samples should be obtained from unfiltered sources.
    4. Is there a criterion you can use to base your judgments on water hardness?
    5. Which physical and chemical properties of your water samples will you test?
    6. How can the water hardness be reduced? What is the material used in the water softener systems
    that reduces the hardness of water?
    7. What is an ion exchange resin (sodium or mixture type)?
    8. Is time a factor when using a filtration system? How long must the water be in contact with the
    filtration system?

    PROJECT SUMMARY

    1. What conclusions can you draw about the quality of the water you have tested? Are these
    conclusions in the range of accepted standards?
    2. What level of certainty do you have in your judgments? How will the number of trials you have tested
    play into your confidence?
    3. Another group analyzed the same sample as you; please find a way to share your findings and make
    a record of their findings. This will help you with your post-lab report.
    4. It would be a good idea to discuss your strategy for analyzing the compiled data. What analysis
    might be helpful? Are you using a criterion to judge the water hardness? Does your criterion provide
    you with any ideas about how you may want to analyze the compiled data?
    5. Is your water hardness data comparable with standard water samples from the city of Tampa?
    6. Compare your results with the data obtained from your peers in the lab, can you explain the
    similitudes or discrepancies?
    7. By how much did you soften your water sample?
    8. Compare the water hardness measurements obtained using the conductivity meter, pH meter, and
    water hardness strips. Are there any discrepancies? If so, why might they occur?
    9. How could this experiment be expanded or modified to investigate other aspects of water quality?

    THINGS YOU MAY WANT TO CONSIDER FOR YOUR REPORT

    1. What is your final assessment of the quality of drinking water for the water you analyzed?
    2. Does your experimental evidence support your claims?
    3. Are your claims consistent with your classmates' claims who analyzed the same water? If not, it may
    be helpful to attempt to justify the differences.
    4. What judgments would you make about the water hardness of the community's water?
    5. Remember to use the compiled data from your lab section for your report. Were there any patterns in
    the data that suggest the hardness of water across the community varies?
    6. How much hardness did you reduce using the filtration system?
    7. Remember that we want you to connect your experimental work to research. What kind of similarities
    do you find between your lab work and what you understand from research (refer to the research
    connection in this document and other resources you find for this)? What kind of differences do you
    see?
    8. Do not forget to get information about the water quality of the city of Tampa (hardness) and compare
    it with your results.

    **## Todo1_IMG_0389_merged.pdf**

    TO DO

    Laboratory Report Guidelines

    Your laboratory reports should follow standard scientific writing conventions. Below are the

    essential components and recommendations for creating clear, professional, and well-structured

    reports.

    You are strongly encouraged to review the sample laboratory report with comments

    provided, as well as the assessment rubric your instructor or TA will use to evaluate your work.

    Reviewing the rubric before submission will help ensure that your report meets all expectations.

    General Format

    Laboratory reports—similar to scientific journal articles—should include the following sections:

    Title Page, Introduction, Methods (Experimental Section), Results, Discussion, Conclusion,

    and References.

    In addition, you will include a Research Connection section. While most scientific papers

    include an abstract, it is not required for your lab reports.

    Title Page

    The title page should be the first page of your report and include:

    • The report title (create an informative and original title; do not simply copy from the lab

    manual)

    • Your name

    • Course and section number

    • Instructor’s name

    • Due date

    Introduction

    In this section, introduce the purpose and significance of your experiment. Clearly state your

    objectives and explain why the experimental procedure effectively addresses them.

    Include citations from credible sources beyond the lab manual or your TA, and properly

    reference all information in the References section. The introduction should be detailed enough

    to give the reader a solid understanding of your project and the chemistry concepts involved.

    Methods (Experimental Section)

    Describe how you conducted your experiment and why you chose those methods. This section

    should be detailed enough for another person to replicate your work based on your description.

    Results

    Present the data that supports your objectives. Use tables, graphs, and figures where

    appropriate, but remember to explain their significance—do not simply include visuals without

    context or discussion.

    Discussion

    Interpret your results here. Explain:

    • What your results mean

    • Why they are relevant

    • The strengths and weaknesses of your methods and analysis

    Address any unexpected findings and compare them to your initial objectives or hypotheses.

    Conclusions

    Summarize your key findings and interpretations. Connect your conclusions directly to your

    stated objectives in the introduction.

    Note: In the lab report rubric, Results, Discussion, and Conclusion are combined. However, in

    formal scientific writing, they are often presented as separate sections. You may choose your

    preferred structure.

    References

    List all sources used in your report. Be sure that every source cited in your Introduction and

    Discussion is included here. Follow the American Chemical Society (ACS) citation style.

    Refer to the sample report or online resources for citation examples.

    Research Connection

    This section is unique to your lab report. Reflect on how your experimental work relates to

    current research in chemistry. You may need to consult outside sources to explore these

    connections.

    Guiding Ideas and Planning Questions for the Project

    1. What safety precautions must be taken with your materials?

    2. Which criteria will you use to assess water quality?

    3. Bring a community water sample and record the date, time, and location of collection.

    Samples should come from unfiltered sources.

    4. What standard or criterion can you use to evaluate water hardness?

    5. Which physical and chemical properties of your samples will you test?

    6. How can water hardness be reduced? What materials in water softeners achieve this?

    7. What is an ion exchange resin (sodium or mixed type)?

    8. Is time a factor when using filtration systems? How long should water remain in contact

    with the filter?

    Project Summary

    1. What conclusions can you draw about your water sample’s quality? Are your results

    within accepted standards?

    2. How confident are you in your results? How does the number of trials affect your

    confidence?

    3. Compare your findings with another group’s results from the same sample and record

    both sets of data.

    4. Develop a strategy for analyzing the compiled data. What criteria or methods will you

    use?

    5. Is your data comparable to Tampa’s standard water hardness levels?

    6. Compare your results with those of your peers. Can you explain any similarities or

    differences?

    7. By how much were you able to soften your water?

    8. Compare the hardness values obtained using conductivity meters, pH meters, and

    hardness strips. If discrepancies occur, explain possible reasons.

    9. How could this experiment be expanded or modified to study other aspects of water

    quality?

    Things to Consider for Your Report

    1. What is your final evaluation of the drinking water quality you analyzed?

    2. Does your experimental evidence support your claims?

    3. Are your claims consistent with your classmates’ who tested the same sample? If not,

    justify the differences.

    4. What conclusions can you make about your community’s water hardness?

    5. Review the compiled class data—does it show variation in water hardness across the

    community?

    6. How much hardness was reduced using your filtration system?

    7. Connect your experimental findings to current scientific research. What similarities

    and differences exist?

    8. Compare your results with official data on Tampa’s water quality and discuss your

    findings.

    Follow the rubric below and these formatting guidelines to create your report:

    1. Each section, following the rubric, should have a header (Introduction, Results….
    etc.). You can add sub-headers as well if needed. The font for the headers and sub-
    headers cannot be larger than a size 14.

    2. Use Times New Roman or Calibri as font styles for the body of the report with a
    font size 12.

    3. Number your pages but exclude the title page.

    4. Your report has to be double spaced.

    5. The introduction must be written in present or future tense. The rest of the report
    must be in the past tense using passive voice. This means avoid using "you", "I", or
    "our" in your report.

    6. All the sections should be in paragraph form with the exception of the results
    section.

    7. All the data collected in the lab must be in the results section in tables as the ones
    shown below. Create the tables in WORD and do not copy/paste the tables below to
    avoid any issues. The tables must be numbered and contain a short descriptive
    title.

    8. Use Microsoft Equation Editor for ALL the calculations in your report.

    9. Your references (you can use more than 3 if needed) must follow the ACS format. A
    page can be found under the "Supporting Documents" Module titled " ACS Citation
    Sources" where you can find links to help you with the citations. Look at both and
    use the one that is easier for you to follow. There is also a link above in this page.

    **pag2.jpg**

    This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/pag2-jpg)

    **pag1.jpg**

    This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/pag1-jpg)

    **IMG_0412.png**

    This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/img-0412-png-10420381)

    **IMG_0410.png**

    This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/img-0410-png-10420383)

    **IMG_0410.png**

    This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/img-0410-png-10420383)

    **## Laboratory_Report_Guidelines_Original_Text.pdf**

    Laboratory Report Guidelines

    TO DO

    Laboratory Report Guidelines

    These reports should follow general scientific guidelines. Herein we provide some fundamentals of
    writing reports. There is also a sample laboratory report with comments that you are strongly
    encouraged to check. Finally, the assessment rubrics, which your instructor or TA will use, should
    provide you with a clear idea of what is expected of you and your written reports. Make sure you review
    the lab report rubric before turning in your report. There are also a lot of other resources available to
    you at USF (e.g. Writing Studio) that can provide you with a clear idea of how to format and write
    laboratory reports. Also, check with your instructor or TA to see if they have any specific requirements
    for the written reports that you might want to consider.

    General Format

    Laboratory reports, much like scientific articles, contain the following sections: title page, introduction,
    methods (experimental section), results, discussion, conclusion, and references. In your reports, you
    will also be asked to include a Research Connection section. Most scientific articles also contain an
    abstract, but this will not be necessary for your reports.

    Title Page: This should be the first page of your report. Include the title of your report, your name, the
    course and section number, your instructor's name, and the date the paper is due. There are many
    online sources that could help you in creating informative titles for your report. Do not simply copy the
    name of the project from the laboratory manual.

    Introduction: In this section, you should introduce the reader to what you are trying to explain, and why
    it is important. Explicitly detail your project objectives and why the proposed experimental procedure
    will be effective in addressing those objectives. Include citations to valid and credible resources and
    references beyond the laboratory manual and your TA. Remember to clearly describe the source of the
    information and include it in the Reference section at the end of your report. The introduction section
    should be quite extensive and as comprehensive as possible in order to provide the reader with a good
    understanding of your project and the chemistry behind it.

    Methods (or Experimental Section): In this section you explain to the reader how you went about your
    work, and why you did it in that manner. This should be detailed; others should be able to replicate your
    work!

    Results: Use this section to include the data that helps you answer the project objectives. You will often
    need to present your results in tables, graphs and figures. However, keep in mind that you should not
    simply include tables and graphs without explaining the relevance of the data!

    Discussion: In this section you need to address how you interpret the results? Why are they relevant to
    include in your report? What are the particular strengths or weaknesses of your methods or analysis?
    These are all questions that readers are likely to want to know. By the time you have addressed these
    questions, you are ready to conclude your paper.

    Conclusions: In this section you need to provide a summary of the results and discussion. This is the
    outcome of your investigation and again should explicitly tie to what you said you were going to
    investigate in the introduction.

    The Results, Discussion and Conclusion sections are included as one in the laboratory report rubric.
    However, scientific articles have a separate subsection for each of them. Other reports may have a
    "Results and Discussion" section and a "Conclusion" section. Whereas other reports may have a
    "Results" section, and a "Discussion" section that also concludes the report. So, the decision of how to
    organize these sections will be up to you.

    References: Use this section to tell the reader where to find the sources of information you used in your
    report. In the body of the report, particularly in the Introduction and Discussion sections, you should
    have cited other sources. Refer to the Sample Laboratory Report for general examples!

    Also, you can check online for more detailed information on how to correctly cite a reference. The
    American Chemical Society (ACS) style should be followed in your lab report.

    Research Connection: This section is not a normal component of scientific reports. Sure, chemistry
    continually links their work to others through references, but they do not title a section Research
    Connection. For this section, if required, you are asked to consider your laboratory work, and how the
    work you have completed connects to current chemistry research. You may have to consult some
    outside resources for this.

    GUIDING IDEAS AND PLANNING QUESTIONS FOR THE PROJECT

    1. What safety precautions must be taken with the material you are working with?
    2. What common criteria for assessing water quality will you use?
    3. Bring a water sample from the community. At the end of this project, you will compile your data with
    all other groups in your lab. Therefore, it will be important to note the date, time, and location of your
    sample collection. Water samples should be obtained from unfiltered sources.
    4. Is there a criterion you can use to base your judgments on water hardness?
    5. Which physical and chemical properties of your water samples will you test?
    6. How can the water hardness be reduced? What is the material used in the water softener systems
    that reduces the hardness of water?
    7. What is an ion exchange resin (sodium or mixture type)?
    8. Is time a factor when using a filtration system? How long must the water be in contact with the
    filtration system?

    PROJECT SUMMARY

    1. What conclusions can you draw about the quality of the water you have tested? Are these
    conclusions in the range of accepted standards?
    2. What level of certainty do you have in your judgments? How will the number of trials you have tested
    play into your confidence?
    3. Another group analyzed the same sample as you; please find a way to share your findings and make
    a record of their findings. This will help you with your post-lab report.
    4. It would be a good idea to discuss your strategy for analyzing the compiled data. What analysis
    might be helpful? Are you using a criterion to judge the water hardness? Does your criterion provide
    you with any ideas about how you may want to analyze the compiled data?
    5. Is your water hardness data comparable with standard water samples from the city of Tampa?
    6. Compare your results with the data obtained from your peers in the lab, can you explain the
    similitudes or discrepancies?
    7. By how much did you soften your water sample?
    8. Compare the water hardness measurements obtained using the conductivity meter, pH meter, and
    water hardness strips. Are there any discrepancies? If so, why might they occur?
    9. How could this experiment be expanded or modified to investigate other aspects of water quality?

    THINGS YOU MAY WANT TO CONSIDER FOR YOUR REPORT

    1. What is your final assessment of the quality of drinking water for the water you analyzed?
    2. Does your experimental evidence support your claims?
    3. Are your claims consistent with your classmates' claims who analyzed the same water? If not, it may
    be helpful to attempt to justify the differences.
    4. What judgments would you make about the water hardness of the community's water?
    5. Remember to use the compiled data from your lab section for your report. Were there any patterns in
    the data that suggest the hardness of water across the community varies?
    6. How much hardness did you reduce using the filtration system?
    7. Remember that we want you to connect your experimental work to research. What kind of similarities
    do you find between your lab work and what you understand from research (refer to the research
    connection in this document and other resources you find for this)? What kind of differences do you
    see?
    8. Do not forget to get information about the water quality of the city of Tampa (hardness) and compare
    it with your results.

    **## Todo1_IMG_0389_merged.pdf**

    TO DO

    Laboratory Report Guidelines

    Your laboratory reports should follow standard scientific writing conventions. Below are the

    essential components and recommendations for creating clear, professional, and well-structured

    reports.

    You are strongly encouraged to review the sample laboratory report with comments

    provided, as well as the assessment rubric your instructor or TA will use to evaluate your work.

    Reviewing the rubric before submission will help ensure that your report meets all expectations.

    General Format

    Laboratory reports—similar to scientific journal articles—should include the following sections:

    Title Page, Introduction, Methods (Experimental Section), Results, Discussion, Conclusion,

    and References.

    In addition, you will include a Research Connection section. While most scientific papers

    include an abstract, it is not required for your lab reports.

    Title Page

    The title page should be the first page of your report and include:

    • The report title (create an informative and original title; do not simply copy from the lab

    manual)

    • Your name

    • Course and section number

    • Instructor’s name

    • Due date

    Introduction

    In this section, introduce the purpose and significance of your experiment. Clearly state your

    objectives and explain why the experimental procedure effectively addresses them.

    Include citations from credible sources beyond the lab manual or your TA, and properly

    reference all information in the References section. The introduction should be detailed enough

    to give the reader a solid understanding of your project and the chemistry concepts involved.

    Methods (Experimental Section)

    Describe how you conducted your experiment and why you chose those methods. This section

    should be detailed enough for another person to replicate your work based on your description.

    Results

    Present the data that supports your objectives. Use tables, graphs, and figures where

    appropriate, but remember to explain their significance—do not simply include visuals without

    context or discussion.

    Discussion

    Interpret your results here. Explain:

    • What your results mean

    • Why they are relevant

    • The strengths and weaknesses of your methods and analysis

    Address any unexpected findings and compare them to your initial objectives or hypotheses.

    Conclusions

    Summarize your key findings and interpretations. Connect your conclusions directly to your

    stated objectives in the introduction.

    Note: In the lab report rubric, Results, Discussion, and Conclusion are combined. However, in

    formal scientific writing, they are often presented as separate sections. You may choose your

    preferred structure.

    References

    List all sources used in your report. Be sure that every source cited in your Introduction and

    Discussion is included here. Follow the American Chemical Society (ACS) citation style.

    Refer to the sample report or online resources for citation examples.

    Research Connection

    This section is unique to your lab report. Reflect on how your experimental work relates to

    current research in chemistry. You may need to consult outside sources to explore these

    connections.

    Guiding Ideas and Planning Questions for the Project

    1. What safety precautions must be taken with your materials?

    2. Which criteria will you use to assess water quality?

    3. Bring a community water sample and record the date, time, and location of collection.

    Samples should come from unfiltered sources.

    4. What standard or criterion can you use to evaluate water hardness?

    5. Which physical and chemical properties of your samples will you test?

    6. How can water hardness be reduced? What materials in water softeners achieve this?

    7. What is an ion exchange resin (sodium or mixed type)?

    8. Is time a factor when using filtration systems? How long should water remain in contact

    with the filter?

    Project Summary

    1. What conclusions can you draw about your water sample’s quality? Are your results

    within accepted standards?

    2. How confident are you in your results? How does the number of trials affect your

    confidence?

    3. Compare your findings with another group’s results from the same sample and record

    both sets of data.

    4. Develop a strategy for analyzing the compiled data. What criteria or methods will you

    use?

    5. Is your data comparable to Tampa’s standard water hardness levels?

    6. Compare your results with those of your peers. Can you explain any similarities or

    differences?

    7. By how much were you able to soften your water?

    8. Compare the hardness values obtained using conductivity meters, pH meters, and

    hardness strips. If discrepancies occur, explain possible reasons.

    9. How could this experiment be expanded or modified to study other aspects of water

    quality?

    Things to Consider for Your Report

    1. What is your final evaluation of the drinking water quality you analyzed?

    2. Does your experimental evidence support your claims?

    3. Are your claims consistent with your classmates’ who tested the same sample? If not,

    justify the differences.

    4. What conclusions can you make about your community’s water hardness?

    5. Review the compiled class data—does it show variation in water hardness across the

    community?

    6. How much hardness was reduced using your filtration system?

    7. Connect your experimental findings to current scientific research. What similarities

    and differences exist?

    8. Compare your results with official data on Tampa’s water quality and discuss your

    findings.

    Follow the rubric below and these formatting guidelines to create your report:

    1. Each section, following the rubric, should have a header (Introduction, Results….
    etc.). You can add sub-headers as well if needed. The font for the headers and sub-
    headers cannot be larger than a size 14.

    2. Use Times New Roman or Calibri as font styles for the body of the report with a
    font size 12.

    3. Number your pages but exclude the title page.

    4. Your report has to be double spaced.

    5. The introduction must be written in present or future tense. The rest of the report
    must be in the past tense using passive voice. This means avoid using "you", "I", or
    "our" in your report.

    6. All the sections should be in paragraph form with the exception of the results
    section.

    7. All the data collected in the lab must be in the results section in tables as the ones
    shown below. Create the tables in WORD and do not copy/paste the tables below to
    avoid any issues. The tables must be numbered and contain a short descriptive
    title.

    8. Use Microsoft Equation Editor for ALL the calculations in your report.

    9. Your references (you can use more than 3 if needed) must follow the ACS format. A
    page can be found under the "Supporting Documents" Module titled " ACS Citation
    Sources" where you can find links to help you with the citations. Look at both and
    use the one that is easier for you to follow. There is also a link above in this page.

    **pag2.jpg**

    This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/pag2-jpg)

    **pag1.jpg**

    This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/pag1-jpg)

    **IMG_0412.png**

    This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/img-0412-png-10420381)

    **IMG_0410.png**

    This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/img-0410-png-10420383)

    **## Laboratory_Report_Guidelines_Original_Text.pdf**

    Laboratory Report Guidelines

    TO DO

    Laboratory Report Guidelines

    These reports should follow general scientific guidelines. Herein we provide some fundamentals of
    writing reports. There is also a sample laboratory report with comments that you are strongly
    encouraged to check. Finally, the assessment rubrics, which your instructor or TA will use, should
    provide you with a clear idea of what is expected of you and your written reports. Make sure you review
    the lab report rubric before turning in your report. There are also a lot of other resources available to
    you at USF (e.g. Writing Studio) that can provide you with a clear idea of how to format and write
    laboratory reports. Also, check with your instructor or TA to see if they have any specific requirements
    for the written reports that you might want to consider.

    General Format

    Laboratory reports, much like scientific articles, contain the following sections: title page, introduction,
    methods (experimental section), results, discussion, conclusion, and references. In your reports, you
    will also be asked to include a Research Connection section. Most scientific articles also contain an
    abstract, but this will not be necessary for your reports.

    Title Page: This should be the first page of your report. Include the title of your report, your name, the
    course and section number, your instructor's name, and the date the paper is due. There are many
    online sources that could help you in creating informative titles for your report. Do not simply copy the
    name of the project from the laboratory manual.

    Introduction: In this section, you should introduce the reader to what you are trying to explain, and why
    it is important. Explicitly detail your project objectives and why the proposed experimental procedure
    will be effective in addressing those objectives. Include citations to valid and credible resources and
    references beyond the laboratory manual and your TA. Remember to clearly describe the source of the
    information and include it in the Reference section at the end of your report. The introduction section
    should be quite extensive and as comprehensive as possible in order to provide the reader with a good
    understanding of your project and the chemistry behind it.

    Methods (or Experimental Section): In this section you explain to the reader how you went about your
    work, and why you did it in that manner. This should be detailed; others should be able to replicate your
    work!

    Results: Use this section to include the data that helps you answer the project objectives. You will often
    need to present your results in tables, graphs and figures. However, keep in mind that you should not
    simply include tables and graphs without explaining the relevance of the data!

    Discussion: In this section you need to address how you interpret the results? Why are they relevant to
    include in your report? What are the particular strengths or weaknesses of your methods or analysis?
    These are all questions that readers are likely to want to know. By the time you have addressed these
    questions, you are ready to conclude your paper.

    Conclusions: In this section you need to provide a summary of the results and discussion. This is the
    outcome of your investigation and again should explicitly tie to what you said you were going to
    investigate in the introduction.

    The Results, Discussion and Conclusion sections are included as one in the laboratory report rubric.
    However, scientific articles have a separate subsection for each of them. Other reports may have a
    "Results and Discussion" section and a "Conclusion" section. Whereas other reports may have a
    "Results" section, and a "Discussion" section that also concludes the report. So, the decision of how to
    organize these sections will be up to you.

    References: Use this section to tell the reader where to find the sources of information you used in your
    report. In the body of the report, particularly in the Introduction and Discussion sections, you should
    have cited other sources. Refer to the Sample Laboratory Report for general examples!

    Also, you can check online for more detailed information on how to correctly cite a reference. The
    American Chemical Society (ACS) style should be followed in your lab report.

    Research Connection: This section is not a normal component of scientific reports. Sure, chemistry
    continually links their work to others through references, but they do not title a section Research
    Connection. For this section, if required, you are asked to consider your laboratory work, and how the
    work you have completed connects to current chemistry research. You may have to consult some
    outside resources for this.

    GUIDING IDEAS AND PLANNING QUESTIONS FOR THE PROJECT

    1. What safety precautions must be taken with the material you are working with?
    2. What common criteria for assessing water quality will you use?
    3. Bring a water sample from the community. At the end of this project, you will compile your data with
    all other groups in your lab. Therefore, it will be important to note the date, time, and location of your
    sample collection. Water samples should be obtained from unfiltered sources.
    4. Is there a criterion you can use to base your judgments on water hardness?
    5. Which physical and chemical properties of your water samples will you test?
    6. How can the water hardness be reduced? What is the material used in the water softener systems
    that reduces the hardness of water?
    7. What is an ion exchange resin (sodium or mixture type)?
    8. Is time a factor when using a filtration system? How long must the water be in contact with the
    filtration system?

    PROJECT SUMMARY

    1. What conclusions can you draw about the quality of the water you have tested? Are these
    conclusions in the range of accepted standards?
    2. What level of certainty do you have in your judgments? How will the number of trials you have tested
    play into your confidence?
    3. Another group analyzed the same sample as you; please find a way to share your findings and make
    a record of their findings. This will help you with your post-lab report.
    4. It would be a good idea to discuss your strategy for analyzing the compiled data. What analysis
    might be helpful? Are you using a criterion to judge the water hardness? Does your criterion provide
    you with any ideas about how you may want to analyze the compiled data?
    5. Is your water hardness data comparable with standard water samples from the city of Tampa?
    6. Compare your results with the data obtained from your peers in the lab, can you explain the
    similitudes or discrepancies?
    7. By how much did you soften your water sample?
    8. Compare the water hardness measurements obtained using the conductivity meter, pH meter, and
    water hardness strips. Are there any discrepancies? If so, why might they occur?
    9. How could this experiment be expanded or modified to investigate other aspects of water quality?

    THINGS YOU MAY WANT TO CONSIDER FOR YOUR REPORT

    1. What is your final assessment of the quality of drinking water for the water you analyzed?
    2. Does your experimental evidence support your claims?
    3. Are your claims consistent with your classmates' claims who analyzed the same water? If not, it may
    be helpful to attempt to justify the differences.
    4. What judgments would you make about the water hardness of the community's water?
    5. Remember to use the compiled data from your lab section for your report. Were there any patterns in
    the data that suggest the hardness of water across the community varies?
    6. How much hardness did you reduce using the filtration system?
    7. Remember that we want you to connect your experimental work to research. What kind of similarities
    do you find between your lab work and what you understand from research (refer to the research
    connection in this document and other resources you find for this)? What kind of differences do you
    see?
    8. Do not forget to get information about the water quality of the city of Tampa (hardness) and compare
    it with your results.

    **## Todo1_IMG_0389_merged.pdf**

    TO DO

    Laboratory Report Guidelines

    Your laboratory reports should follow standard scientific writing conventions. Below are the

    essential components and recommendations for creating clear, professional, and well-structured

    reports.

    You are strongly encouraged to review the sample laboratory report with comments

    provided, as well as the assessment rubric your instructor or TA will use to evaluate your work.

    Reviewing the rubric before submission will help ensure that your report meets all expectations.

    General Format

    Laboratory reports—similar to scientific journal articles—should include the following sections:

    Title Page, Introduction, Methods (Experimental Section), Results, Discussion, Conclusion,

    and References.

    In addition, you will include a Research Connection section. While most scientific papers

    include an abstract, it is not required for your lab reports.

    Title Page

    The title page should be the first page of your report and include:

    • The report title (create an informative and original title; do not simply copy from the lab

    manual)

    • Your name

    • Course and section number

    • Instructor’s name

    • Due date

    Introduction

    In this section, introduce the purpose and significance of your experiment. Clearly state your

    objectives and explain why the experimental procedure effectively addresses them.

    Include citations from credible sources beyond the lab manual or your TA, and properly

    reference all information in the References section. The introduction should be detailed enough

    to give the reader a solid understanding of your project and the chemistry concepts involved.

    Methods (Experimental Section)

    Describe how you conducted your experiment and why you chose those methods. This section

    should be detailed enough for another person to replicate your work based on your description.

    Results

    Present the data that supports your objectives. Use tables, graphs, and figures where

    appropriate, but remember to explain their significance—do not simply include visuals without

    context or discussion.

    Discussion

    Interpret your results here. Explain:

    • What your results mean

    • Why they are relevant

    • The strengths and weaknesses of your methods and analysis

    Address any unexpected findings and compare them to your initial objectives or hypotheses.

    Conclusions

    Summarize your key findings and interpretations. Connect your conclusions directly to your

    stated objectives in the introduction.

    Note: In the lab report rubric, Results, Discussion, and Conclusion are combined. However, in

    formal scientific writing, they are often presented as separate sections. You may choose your

    preferred structure.

    References

    List all sources used in your report. Be sure that every source cited in your Introduction and

    Discussion is included here. Follow the American Chemical Society (ACS) citation style.

    Refer to the sample report or online resources for citation examples.

    Research Connection

    This section is unique to your lab report. Reflect on how your experimental work relates to

    current research in chemistry. You may need to consult outside sources to explore these

    connections.

    Guiding Ideas and Planning Questions for the Project

    1. What safety precautions must be taken with your materials?

    2. Which criteria will you use to assess water quality?

    3. Bring a community water sample and record the date, time, and location of collection.

    Samples should come from unfiltered sources.

    4. What standard or criterion can you use to evaluate water hardness?

    5. Which physical and chemical properties of your samples will you test?

    6. How can water hardness be reduced? What materials in water softeners achieve this?

    7. What is an ion exchange resin (sodium or mixed type)?

    8. Is time a factor when using filtration systems? How long should water remain in contact

    with the filter?

    Project Summary

    1. What conclusions can you draw about your water sample’s quality? Are your results

    within accepted standards?

    2. How confident are you in your results? How does the number of trials affect your

    confidence?

    3. Compare your findings with another group’s results from the same sample and record

    both sets of data.

    4. Develop a strategy for analyzing the compiled data. What criteria or methods will you

    use?

    5. Is your data comparable to Tampa’s standard water hardness levels?

    6. Compare your results with those of your peers. Can you explain any similarities or

    differences?

    7. By how much were you able to soften your water?

    8. Compare the hardness values obtained using conductivity meters, pH meters, and

    hardness strips. If discrepancies occur, explain possible reasons.

    9. How could this experiment be expanded or modified to study other aspects of water

    quality?

    Things to Consider for Your Report

    1. What is your final evaluation of the drinking water quality you analyzed?

    2. Does your experimental evidence support your claims?

    3. Are your claims consistent with your classmates’ who tested the same sample? If not,

    justify the differences.

    4. What conclusions can you make about your community’s water hardness?

    5. Review the compiled class data—does it show variation in water hardness across the

    community?

    6. How much hardness was reduced using your filtration system?

    7. Connect your experimental findings to current scientific research. What similarities

    and differences exist?

    8. Compare your results with official data on Tampa’s water quality and discuss your

    findings.

    Follow the rubric below and these formatting guidelines to create your report:

    1. Each section, following the rubric, should have a header (Introduction, Results….
    etc.). You can add sub-headers as well if needed. The font for the headers and sub-
    headers cannot be larger than a size 14.

    2. Use Times New Roman or Calibri as font styles for the body of the report with a
    font size 12.

    3. Number your pages but exclude the title page.

    4. Your report has to be double spaced.

    5. The introduction must be written in present or future tense. The rest of the report
    must be in the past tense using passive voice. This means avoid using "you", "I", or
    "our" in your report.

    6. All the sections should be in paragraph form with the exception of the results
    section.

    7. All the data collected in the lab must be in the results section in tables as the ones
    shown below. Create the tables in WORD and do not copy/paste the tables below to
    avoid any issues. The tables must be numbered and contain a short descriptive
    title.

    8. Use Microsoft Equation Editor for ALL the calculations in your report.

    9. Your references (you can use more than 3 if needed) must follow the ACS format. A
    page can be found under the "Supporting Documents" Module titled " ACS Citation
    Sources" where you can find links to help you with the citations. Look at both and
    use the one that is easier for you to follow. There is also a link above in this page.

    **pag2.jpg**

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    **IMG_0412.png**

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  • [Solved] kidney stone lab

    ✓ Verified Academic Solution Available

    Executive Solution Overview

    please read, on report i have the calculations. please read rubric – ## kidneystonestodo.pdf – ## Module2Pt2_PreLabPlan1.pdf – ## ResearchConnectionAssignmentDetailsGC2-S25.pdf – ## kidneystonereport.docx – Book.pdf **## kidneystonestodo.pdf** To do Post-Lab Research Connection Assignment According…

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    Assignment Prompt & Instructions

    please read, on report i have the calculations. please read rubric

    – ## kidneystonestodo.pdf

    – ## Module2Pt2_PreLabPlan1.pdf

    – ## ResearchConnectionAssignmentDetailsGC2-S25.pdf

    – ## kidneystonereport.docx

    – Book.pdf

    **## kidneystonestodo.pdf**

    To do

    Post-Lab Research Connection Assignment

    According to the ACE-Labs model (read Pages 3 and 4 of the laboratory manual for details),
    this lab course also aims to create research connections for the students that will bring
    them closer to understanding research as a social endeavor. We attempt to facilitate
    students’ understanding of the relevance of scientific research in modern society. For
    many, the very complex and rapid scientific and technological development of our society
    can be a black box. We may perceive the advances in medicine and materials,
    technological gadgets, etc. but do not really comprehend their origin and their connection
    with scientific research.

    Assignment Details

    Read and follow the details below and in the rubric. Scroll this page all the way down so not
    to miss any important information regarding this assignment. Refer to the following PDF
    document to find the details of the rubric and some tips to complete this assignment
    successfully. Your instructor will follow the rubric to grade your assignment. Turnitin will be
    used to screen assignments for potential plagiarism. Refer to the links and resources
    shared in the syllabus regarding how to avoid plagiarism.

    Submit a fully typed Word document addressing each part of the rubric. Note that the
    assignment should be completed individually and not as a group. Include your name,
    the date, and the title of the project at the top of the page. Your typed report must
    include:

    1) Research Connection Article Section: Each student must search for a journal article,
    published in an accredited scientific peer-reviewed journal, that is related to the
    experiment you performed in this Module. The article must have been published within the
    last 7 years.

    2) Experimental Results Section: Organize (in labeled tables) and present the results
    obtained for Week 1 and Week 2 of the project: "Kidney Stones" in this Module.

    1) General Instructions for the Research Connection Article Section

    • The article must discuss any of the techniques that were performed in the lab OR
    discuss the topic of the experiment.

    • The article must have been published within the last 7 years.

    • You need to read the article and answer ALL the questions in the rubric. Make sure
    to answer each question separately and with details, not just with a simply yes or
    no.

    • Your assignment must be a TYPED Word document.

    • You must include proper citations. This includes in-text citations after every answer
    and a regular citation at the end of the assignment.

    • Follow the American Chemical Society, ACS-style citations. You can find details
    about ACS citations under the "Supporting Documents" Module.

    2) General Instructions for the Experimental Results Section

    • Separate your results into Week 1 and Week 2.

    • For Week 1, organize the results obtained for the synthesis of the kidney stone.
    Make sure to include a descriptive title of the kidney stone type that was
    synthesized. Provide calculations for theoretical and percent yields for your
    synthetic kidney stone.

    • For Week 2, provide a step-by-step sample calculation for determining the solubility
    product constant (Ksp) for one of your kidney stones.

    **## Module2Pt2_PreLabPlan1.pdf**

    Project 2: Kidney Stones

    Synthesis of Kidney Stones

    CHM2046L, Section 011, Group 2
    October 16th, 2025

    Lab Partners:
    Kayce Boucher,
    Emily Morales,
    Ashley Nguyen,

    and Sixto Sanchez.

    Aim (Sixto Sanchez):

    This experiment aims to determine whether various home medicines in dissolving the artificial

    kidney stones are synthesized during the first week. The efficacy of each therapy, the stones'

    solubility constant (Ksp) will be computed to compare their relative solubility. This will assist in

    assessing the chemical elements that affect the dissolving of stones and provide an explanation

    for the apparent or nonexistent effectiveness of each remedy.

    Materials (Sixto Sanchez):

    • Analytical balance

    • Spatula or stirring rod

    • Beaker: 100 mL and 250 mL

    • Erlenmeyer flask: 125 mL

    • Graduated cylinder: 10 mL

    • Pipettes

    • Vacuum filtration

    • Funnel

    • Drying plate

    Chemicals/Hazards (Ashley Nguyen):

    Chemical Name Chemical

    Formula

    Chemical

    Weight

    (g/mol)

    Physical

    Appearance

    Specific

    Hazards &

    Additional

    Notes

    Deionized Water 𝐻2𝑂

    18.0 g/mol Form: clear,

    liquid

    N/A

    Calcium Phosphate 𝐶a3(𝑃𝑂4)2

    234.05 g/mol Color: white

    Form: odorless

    power

    If skin contact:

    rinse skin with

    water/shower

    If eye contact:

    rise with

    Appearance:

    crystalline

    water, call

    doctor

    Not

    combustible

    but ambient

    fire may

    liberate vapors

    Apple Cider Vinegar (acidic acid)

    𝐶𝐻3𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐻

    ~60.052

    g/mol

    Physical state

    & appearance:

    liquid

    Odor:

    Pungent,

    vinegar-like

    Color: clear to

    yellowish

    brown tint

    Avoid

    breathing

    vapor, contact

    with eyes,

    skin, and

    clothing.

    Treat or

    dispose of

    waste material

    as a weak acid

    Methods and Procedures (Kayce Boucher):
    • Weigh the artificial kidney stones using an analytical scale.
    • Measure 25 mL of the ACV in a 25 mL graduated cylinder.
    • Transfer this to a 50 mL beaker.
    • Set the beaker up on a magnetic stirrer plate.
    • Measure and record the pH of the solutions.
    • Place the stone into the beaker.
    • Allow the stone to react with the solution.
    • When the reaction is completed, filter the solution through a filter lined funnel into a

    waste beaker.
    • Collect the remaining solid particles.
    • Dry the remaining solid particles.

    • When it is dried weigh it using an analytical balance.

    Calculations (Emily Morales):

    Formula to find the solubility constant:

    “s” is the molar solubility of calcium phosphate, experimentally determined.

    **## ResearchConnectionAssignmentDetailsGC2-S25.pdf**

    Research Connection Assignment-Detailed Rubric

    General

    Report

    Content

    1. Choose a concept/topic or a technique from the experiment you performed in this Module and find a

    recent peer-reviewed scientific article that relates to the concept chosen.

    2. Organize the results and include the calculations related to this project: Kidney Stones

    Finding the

    Journal

    Article

    How to search for a scientific article with free access

    Use a scientific search engine such as:

    – Google Scholar

    – Science Direct

    – Web of Science

    – USF Library E-Journals

    The article chosen should be published within the past seven (7) years.

    Tip: Within your Canvas course, under the “Supporting Documents” Module, there is a resource titled

    “Searching the Literature for Sources” that provides additional information on how to search the

    literature for appropriate research articles.

    The following questions you must be answered for the Research Connection portion of the assignment:

    Research

    Connection

    Assignment

    Questions

    1) Which specific topic or technique did you find in the article to be related to the experiment you

    performed in this Module? Give a clear short explanation of the connection between the two.

    (4 pts.)

    /14

    2) A. What procedure(s) did the researchers utilize to meet the objective(s) of the experiment in the

    article? Don't list the procedural steps. (4 pts.)

    B. What results did they collect? Give a brief summary of the key results. (3 pts.)

    C. How did they analyze their work? Summarize the techniques or approaches used. (3 pts.)

    Experimental
    Results

    The following details must be addressed in the experimental results portion of the assignment:

    Week 1: Organize the results obtained for the synthesis of the kidney stone. Make sure to include a
    descriptive title of the kidney stone type that was synthesized. Provide calculations for theoretical and
    percent yields for your synthetic kidney stone. (10 pts.)

    Week 2: Provide a step-by-step sample calculation for determining the solubility product constant (Ksp)
    for one of your kidney stones. (10 pts.)

    /20

    References

    ➢ Any idea, concept, application

    etc., that did not originate

    personally from you must be

    cited.

    ➢ As a reminder, directly quoting

    an external source is

    unacceptable.

    ➢ You are required to paraphrase,

    in your own words, all cited

    information that appears in this

    assignment.

    ➢ Plagiarism is unacceptable!

    Any form of plagiarism will

    result in a “0” for this

    assignment or other relevant

    academic penalties, according

    to the Academic Integrity

    Policy.

    Follow the ACS (American Chemical Society) format and have

    both, in-text citation (3pts) as well as the full citation under

    references (3pts).

    In- Text Citations:

    ❖ Cite both answers. The questions cannot be answered without

    the details in the article.

    ❖ All in-text citations should be cited with a superscript number

    and should match the appropriate cited external reference in

    the references section.

    ❖ Superscript numbers are issued and listed based on the order

    they appear in the document. Not based on the alphabetical last

    name of the author of the external source you are citing.

    Full Citation:

    ❖ List the full details of the article based on the ACS format and

    any other source used to prepare the report.

    ❖ The sources must be numbered based on the corresponding

    number cited in the text.

    ❖ If you are only citing the one article, the number should be one

    (1). Same number for the in-text citation no matter how many

    times you cite the source in the text.

    Tip: Within your Canvas course under the “Supporting Documents”

    Module, there is a resource entitled “American Chemical Society

    Citation Sources” that provides guidance to the ACS format. The third

    link covers details on in-text citations, and the second link covers

    details on how to format the full citation based on the type of source

    used.

    /6

    **## kidneystonereport.docx**

    **Results**

    | | | | | | | | |
    | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
    | | Mass (g) | ML sample | EDTA initial | EDTA final | EDTA final end point | EDTA mol | ca 2+ Concentration |
    | Flask #1 | 0.085 | 20 | 0 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 0.0003 | 0.02 |
    | Flask #2 | 0.11 | 20 | 0 | 4.7 | 4.7 | 0.0002 | 0.01 |
    | Flask #3 | 0.12 | 20 | 4.7 | 9 | 4.3 | 0.0002 | 0.01 |

    **Given Data**

    ·
    **Container Masses:**

    · Empty container: 2.59 g

    · Container with solid: 7.28 g

    · Actual yield (solid mass): 7.28 g – 2.59 g = 4.69 g

    · Theoretical Yield: 3.0 g

    · Percent Yield:

    · (4.69 / 3.0) × 100 = 156.33%

    · EDTA Titration Data:

    · EDTA concentration: 0.05 M

    · Flask #1:

    · Mass: 0.085 g

    · Sample volume: 20 mL

    · EDTA volume: 4.3 mL

    · Flask #2:

    · Mass: 0.11 g

    · Sample volume: 20 mL

    · EDTA volume: 4.7 mL

    · Flask #3:

    · Mass: 0.12 g

    · Sample volume: 20 mL

    · EDTA volume: 4.3 mL

    · Assumptions:

    · EDTA reacts with Ca²⁺ in a 1:1 molar ratio.

    · The 4.69 g solid is likely CaCO₃ (molar mass 100 g/mol), dissolved in ~436.3 mL, with 20 mL aliquots titrated.

    · Flask masses (0.085 g, 0.11 g, 0.12 g) are subsamples of the 4.69 g solid.

    Calculations

    Flask #1

    · EDTA Moles:

    · EDTA volume: 4.3 mL = 0.0043 L

    · EDTA concentration: 0.05 M

    · EDTA moles: 0.05 × 0.0043 = 0.000215 mol

    · Ca²⁺ Concentration:

    · Ca²⁺ moles = EDTA moles = 0.000215 mol

    · Sample volume: 20 mL = 0.02 L

    · Ca²⁺ concentration: 0.000215 / 0.02 = 0.01075 M

    Flask #2

    · EDTA Moles:

    · EDTA volume: 4.7 mL = 0.0047 L

    · EDTA concentration: 0.05 M

    · EDTA moles: 0.05 × 0.0047 = 0.000235 mol

    · Ca²⁺ Concentration:

    · Ca²⁺ moles = 0.000235 mol

    · Sample volume: 20 mL = 0.02 L

    · Ca²⁺ concentration: 0.000235 / 0.02 = 0.01175 M

    Flask #3

    · EDTA Moles:

    · EDTA volume: 4.3 mL = 0.0043 L

    · EDTA concentration: 0.05 M

    · EDTA moles: 0.05 × 0.0043 = 0.000215 mol

    · Ca²⁺ Concentration:

    · Ca²⁺ moles = 0.000215 mol

    · Sample volume: 20 mL = 0.02 L

    · Ca²⁺ concentration: 0.000215 / 0.02 = 0.01075 M

    Connection to 4.69 g Solid

    · Solid Composition:

    · Assume 4.69 g is CaCO₃

    · Moles CaCO₃: 4.69 / 100 = 0.0469 mol

    · Ca²⁺ moles: 0.0469 mol

    · Dissolution Volume (using Flask #1):

    · Ca²⁺ moles in 20 mL: 0.000215 mol

    · If dissolved in volume V (L):

    · 0.0469 × (0.02 / V) = 0.000215

    · V = (0.0469 × 0.02) / 0.000215 ≈ 0.4363 L (436.3 mL)

    · Ca²⁺ concentration in 436.3 mL: 0.0469 / 0.4363 ≈ 0.1075 M

    · In 20 mL: 0.1075 × (0.02 / 0.4363) ≈ 0.00493 M (lower than 0.01075 M, suggesting impurities)

    · Theoretical Yield (3.0 g CaCO₃):

    · Moles CaCO₃: 3.0 / 100 = 0.03 mol

    · In 436.3 mL: 0.03 / 0.4363 ≈ 0.0687 M

    · In 20 mL: 0.0687 × (0.02 / 0.4363) ≈ 0.00315 M (lower than flask concentrations)

    Final Answer

    · Flask #1:

    · EDTA moles: 0.000215 mol

    · Ca²⁺ concentration: 0.01075 M

    · Flask #2:

    · EDTA moles: 0.000235 mol

    · Ca²⁺ concentration: 0.01175 M

    · Flask #3:

    · EDTA moles: 0.000215 mol

    · Ca²⁺ concentration: 0.01075 M

    **Book.pdf**

    This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/book-pdf-10431755)

    **Book.pdf**

    This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/book-pdf-10431755)

    **## kidneystonestodo.pdf**

    To do

    Post-Lab Research Connection Assignment

    According to the ACE-Labs model (read Pages 3 and 4 of the laboratory manual for details),
    this lab course also aims to create research connections for the students that will bring
    them closer to understanding research as a social endeavor. We attempt to facilitate
    students’ understanding of the relevance of scientific research in modern society. For
    many, the very complex and rapid scientific and technological development of our society
    can be a black box. We may perceive the advances in medicine and materials,
    technological gadgets, etc. but do not really comprehend their origin and their connection
    with scientific research.

    Assignment Details

    Read and follow the details below and in the rubric. Scroll this page all the way down so not
    to miss any important information regarding this assignment. Refer to the following PDF
    document to find the details of the rubric and some tips to complete this assignment
    successfully. Your instructor will follow the rubric to grade your assignment. Turnitin will be
    used to screen assignments for potential plagiarism. Refer to the links and resources
    shared in the syllabus regarding how to avoid plagiarism.

    Submit a fully typed Word document addressing each part of the rubric. Note that the
    assignment should be completed individually and not as a group. Include your name,
    the date, and the title of the project at the top of the page. Your typed report must
    include:

    1) Research Connection Article Section: Each student must search for a journal article,
    published in an accredited scientific peer-reviewed journal, that is related to the
    experiment you performed in this Module. The article must have been published within the
    last 7 years.

    2) Experimental Results Section: Organize (in labeled tables) and present the results
    obtained for Week 1 and Week 2 of the project: "Kidney Stones" in this Module.

    1) General Instructions for the Research Connection Article Section

    • The article must discuss any of the techniques that were performed in the lab OR
    discuss the topic of the experiment.

    • The article must have been published within the last 7 years.

    • You need to read the article and answer ALL the questions in the rubric. Make sure
    to answer each question separately and with details, not just with a simply yes or
    no.

    • Your assignment must be a TYPED Word document.

    • You must include proper citations. This includes in-text citations after every answer
    and a regular citation at the end of the assignment.

    • Follow the American Chemical Society, ACS-style citations. You can find details
    about ACS citations under the "Supporting Documents" Module.

    2) General Instructions for the Experimental Results Section

    • Separate your results into Week 1 and Week 2.

    • For Week 1, organize the results obtained for the synthesis of the kidney stone.
    Make sure to include a descriptive title of the kidney stone type that was
    synthesized. Provide calculations for theoretical and percent yields for your
    synthetic kidney stone.

    • For Week 2, provide a step-by-step sample calculation for determining the solubility
    product constant (Ksp) for one of your kidney stones.

    **## Module2Pt2_PreLabPlan1.pdf**

    Project 2: Kidney Stones

    Synthesis of Kidney Stones

    CHM2046L, Section 011, Group 2
    October 16th, 2025

    Lab Partners:
    Kayce Boucher,
    Emily Morales,
    Ashley Nguyen,

    and Sixto Sanchez.

    Aim (Sixto Sanchez):

    This experiment aims to determine whether various home medicines in dissolving the artificial

    kidney stones are synthesized during the first week. The efficacy of each therapy, the stones'

    solubility constant (Ksp) will be computed to compare their relative solubility. This will assist in

    assessing the chemical elements that affect the dissolving of stones and provide an explanation

    for the apparent or nonexistent effectiveness of each remedy.

    Materials (Sixto Sanchez):

    • Analytical balance

    • Spatula or stirring rod

    • Beaker: 100 mL and 250 mL

    • Erlenmeyer flask: 125 mL

    • Graduated cylinder: 10 mL

    • Pipettes

    • Vacuum filtration

    • Funnel

    • Drying plate

    Chemicals/Hazards (Ashley Nguyen):

    Chemical Name Chemical

    Formula

    Chemical

    Weight

    (g/mol)

    Physical

    Appearance

    Specific

    Hazards &

    Additional

    Notes

    Deionized Water 𝐻2𝑂

    18.0 g/mol Form: clear,

    liquid

    N/A

    Calcium Phosphate 𝐶a3(𝑃𝑂4)2

    234.05 g/mol Color: white

    Form: odorless

    power

    If skin contact:

    rinse skin with

    water/shower

    If eye contact:

    rise with

    Appearance:

    crystalline

    water, call

    doctor

    Not

    combustible

    but ambient

    fire may

    liberate vapors

    Apple Cider Vinegar (acidic acid)

    𝐶𝐻3𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐻

    ~60.052

    g/mol

    Physical state

    & appearance:

    liquid

    Odor:

    Pungent,

    vinegar-like

    Color: clear to

    yellowish

    brown tint

    Avoid

    breathing

    vapor, contact

    with eyes,

    skin, and

    clothing.

    Treat or

    dispose of

    waste material

    as a weak acid

    Methods and Procedures (Kayce Boucher):
    • Weigh the artificial kidney stones using an analytical scale.
    • Measure 25 mL of the ACV in a 25 mL graduated cylinder.
    • Transfer this to a 50 mL beaker.
    • Set the beaker up on a magnetic stirrer plate.
    • Measure and record the pH of the solutions.
    • Place the stone into the beaker.
    • Allow the stone to react with the solution.
    • When the reaction is completed, filter the solution through a filter lined funnel into a

    waste beaker.
    • Collect the remaining solid particles.
    • Dry the remaining solid particles.

    • When it is dried weigh it using an analytical balance.

    Calculations (Emily Morales):

    Formula to find the solubility constant:

    “s” is the molar solubility of calcium phosphate, experimentally determined.

    **## ResearchConnectionAssignmentDetailsGC2-S25.pdf**

    Research Connection Assignment-Detailed Rubric

    General

    Report

    Content

    1. Choose a concept/topic or a technique from the experiment you performed in this Module and find a

    recent peer-reviewed scientific article that relates to the concept chosen.

    2. Organize the results and include the calculations related to this project: Kidney Stones

    Finding the

    Journal

    Article

    How to search for a scientific article with free access

    Use a scientific search engine such as:

    – Google Scholar

    – Science Direct

    – Web of Science

    – USF Library E-Journals

    The article chosen should be published within the past seven (7) years.

    Tip: Within your Canvas course, under the “Supporting Documents” Module, there is a resource titled

    “Searching the Literature for Sources” that provides additional information on how to search the

    literature for appropriate research articles.

    The following questions you must be answered for the Research Connection portion of the assignment:

    Research

    Connection

    Assignment

    Questions

    1) Which specific topic or technique did you find in the article to be related to the experiment you

    performed in this Module? Give a clear short explanation of the connection between the two.

    (4 pts.)

    /14

    2) A. What procedure(s) did the researchers utilize to meet the objective(s) of the experiment in the

    article? Don't list the procedural steps. (4 pts.)

    B. What results did they collect? Give a brief summary of the key results. (3 pts.)

    C. How did they analyze their work? Summarize the techniques or approaches used. (3 pts.)

    Experimental
    Results

    The following details must be addressed in the experimental results portion of the assignment:

    Week 1: Organize the results obtained for the synthesis of the kidney stone. Make sure to include a
    descriptive title of the kidney stone type that was synthesized. Provide calculations for theoretical and
    percent yields for your synthetic kidney stone. (10 pts.)

    Week 2: Provide a step-by-step sample calculation for determining the solubility product constant (Ksp)
    for one of your kidney stones. (10 pts.)

    /20

    References

    ➢ Any idea, concept, application

    etc., that did not originate

    personally from you must be

    cited.

    ➢ As a reminder, directly quoting

    an external source is

    unacceptable.

    ➢ You are required to paraphrase,

    in your own words, all cited

    information that appears in this

    assignment.

    ➢ Plagiarism is unacceptable!

    Any form of plagiarism will

    result in a “0” for this

    assignment or other relevant

    academic penalties, according

    to the Academic Integrity

    Policy.

    Follow the ACS (American Chemical Society) format and have

    both, in-text citation (3pts) as well as the full citation under

    references (3pts).

    In- Text Citations:

    ❖ Cite both answers. The questions cannot be answered without

    the details in the article.

    ❖ All in-text citations should be cited with a superscript number

    and should match the appropriate cited external reference in

    the references section.

    ❖ Superscript numbers are issued and listed based on the order

    they appear in the document. Not based on the alphabetical last

    name of the author of the external source you are citing.

    Full Citation:

    ❖ List the full details of the article based on the ACS format and

    any other source used to prepare the report.

    ❖ The sources must be numbered based on the corresponding

    number cited in the text.

    ❖ If you are only citing the one article, the number should be one

    (1). Same number for the in-text citation no matter how many

    times you cite the source in the text.

    Tip: Within your Canvas course under the “Supporting Documents”

    Module, there is a resource entitled “American Chemical Society

    Citation Sources” that provides guidance to the ACS format. The third

    link covers details on in-text citations, and the second link covers

    details on how to format the full citation based on the type of source

    used.

    /6

    **## kidneystonereport.docx**

    **Results**

    | | | | | | | | |
    | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
    | | Mass (g) | ML sample | EDTA initial | EDTA final | EDTA final end point | EDTA mol | ca 2+ Concentration |
    | Flask #1 | 0.085 | 20 | 0 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 0.0003 | 0.02 |
    | Flask #2 | 0.11 | 20 | 0 | 4.7 | 4.7 | 0.0002 | 0.01 |
    | Flask #3 | 0.12 | 20 | 4.7 | 9 | 4.3 | 0.0002 | 0.01 |

    **Given Data**

    ·
    **Container Masses:**

    · Empty container: 2.59 g

    · Container with solid: 7.28 g

    · Actual yield (solid mass): 7.28 g – 2.59 g = 4.69 g

    · Theoretical Yield: 3.0 g

    · Percent Yield:

    · (4.69 / 3.0) × 100 = 156.33%

    · EDTA Titration Data:

    · EDTA concentration: 0.05 M

    · Flask #1:

    · Mass: 0.085 g

    · Sample volume: 20 mL

    · EDTA volume: 4.3 mL

    · Flask #2:

    · Mass: 0.11 g

    · Sample volume: 20 mL

    · EDTA volume: 4.7 mL

    · Flask #3:

    · Mass: 0.12 g

    · Sample volume: 20 mL

    · EDTA volume: 4.3 mL

    · Assumptions:

    · EDTA reacts with Ca²⁺ in a 1:1 molar ratio.

    · The 4.69 g solid is likely CaCO₃ (molar mass 100 g/mol), dissolved in ~436.3 mL, with 20 mL aliquots titrated.

    · Flask masses (0.085 g, 0.11 g, 0.12 g) are subsamples of the 4.69 g solid.

    Calculations

    Flask #1

    · EDTA Moles:

    · EDTA volume: 4.3 mL = 0.0043 L

    · EDTA concentration: 0.05 M

    · EDTA moles: 0.05 × 0.0043 = 0.000215 mol

    · Ca²⁺ Concentration:

    · Ca²⁺ moles = EDTA moles = 0.000215 mol

    · Sample volume: 20 mL = 0.02 L

    · Ca²⁺ concentration: 0.000215 / 0.02 = 0.01075 M

    Flask #2

    · EDTA Moles:

    · EDTA volume: 4.7 mL = 0.0047 L

    · EDTA concentration: 0.05 M

    · EDTA moles: 0.05 × 0.0047 = 0.000235 mol

    · Ca²⁺ Concentration:

    · Ca²⁺ moles = 0.000235 mol

    · Sample volume: 20 mL = 0.02 L

    · Ca²⁺ concentration: 0.000235 / 0.02 = 0.01175 M

    Flask #3

    · EDTA Moles:

    · EDTA volume: 4.3 mL = 0.0043 L

    · EDTA concentration: 0.05 M

    · EDTA moles: 0.05 × 0.0043 = 0.000215 mol

    · Ca²⁺ Concentration:

    · Ca²⁺ moles = 0.000215 mol

    · Sample volume: 20 mL = 0.02 L

    · Ca²⁺ concentration: 0.000215 / 0.02 = 0.01075 M

    Connection to 4.69 g Solid

    · Solid Composition:

    · Assume 4.69 g is CaCO₃

    · Moles CaCO₃: 4.69 / 100 = 0.0469 mol

    · Ca²⁺ moles: 0.0469 mol

    · Dissolution Volume (using Flask #1):

    · Ca²⁺ moles in 20 mL: 0.000215 mol

    · If dissolved in volume V (L):

    · 0.0469 × (0.02 / V) = 0.000215

    · V = (0.0469 × 0.02) / 0.000215 ≈ 0.4363 L (436.3 mL)

    · Ca²⁺ concentration in 436.3 mL: 0.0469 / 0.4363 ≈ 0.1075 M

    · In 20 mL: 0.1075 × (0.02 / 0.4363) ≈ 0.00493 M (lower than 0.01075 M, suggesting impurities)

    · Theoretical Yield (3.0 g CaCO₃):

    · Moles CaCO₃: 3.0 / 100 = 0.03 mol

    · In 436.3 mL: 0.03 / 0.4363 ≈ 0.0687 M

    · In 20 mL: 0.0687 × (0.02 / 0.4363) ≈ 0.00315 M (lower than flask concentrations)

    Final Answer

    · Flask #1:

    · EDTA moles: 0.000215 mol

    · Ca²⁺ concentration: 0.01075 M

    · Flask #2:

    · EDTA moles: 0.000235 mol

    · Ca²⁺ concentration: 0.01175 M

    · Flask #3:

    · EDTA moles: 0.000215 mol

    · Ca²⁺ concentration: 0.01075 M

    **Book.pdf**

    This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/book-pdf-10431755)

    **## kidneystonestodo.pdf**

    To do

    Post-Lab Research Connection Assignment

    According to the ACE-Labs model (read Pages 3 and 4 of the laboratory manual for details),
    this lab course also aims to create research connections for the students that will bring
    them closer to understanding research as a social endeavor. We attempt to facilitate
    students’ understanding of the relevance of scientific research in modern society. For
    many, the very complex and rapid scientific and technological development of our society
    can be a black box. We may perceive the advances in medicine and materials,
    technological gadgets, etc. but do not really comprehend their origin and their connection
    with scientific research.

    Assignment Details

    Read and follow the details below and in the rubric. Scroll this page all the way down so not
    to miss any important information regarding this assignment. Refer to the following PDF
    document to find the details of the rubric and some tips to complete this assignment
    successfully. Your instructor will follow the rubric to grade your assignment. Turnitin will be
    used to screen assignments for potential plagiarism. Refer to the links and resources
    shared in the syllabus regarding how to avoid plagiarism.

    Submit a fully typed Word document addressing each part of the rubric. Note that the
    assignment should be completed individually and not as a group. Include your name,
    the date, and the title of the project at the top of the page. Your typed report must
    include:

    1) Research Connection Article Section: Each student must search for a journal article,
    published in an accredited scientific peer-reviewed journal, that is related to the
    experiment you performed in this Module. The article must have been published within the
    last 7 years.

    2) Experimental Results Section: Organize (in labeled tables) and present the results
    obtained for Week 1 and Week 2 of the project: "Kidney Stones" in this Module.

    1) General Instructions for the Research Connection Article Section

    • The article must discuss any of the techniques that were performed in the lab OR
    discuss the topic of the experiment.

    • The article must have been published within the last 7 years.

    • You need to read the article and answer ALL the questions in the rubric. Make sure
    to answer each question separately and with details, not just with a simply yes or
    no.

    • Your assignment must be a TYPED Word document.

    • You must include proper citations. This includes in-text citations after every answer
    and a regular citation at the end of the assignment.

    • Follow the American Chemical Society, ACS-style citations. You can find details
    about ACS citations under the "Supporting Documents" Module.

    2) General Instructions for the Experimental Results Section

    • Separate your results into Week 1 and Week 2.

    • For Week 1, organize the results obtained for the synthesis of the kidney stone.
    Make sure to include a descriptive title of the kidney stone type that was
    synthesized. Provide calculations for theoretical and percent yields for your
    synthetic kidney stone.

    • For Week 2, provide a step-by-step sample calculation for determining the solubility
    product constant (Ksp) for one of your kidney stones.

    **## Module2Pt2_PreLabPlan1.pdf**

    Project 2: Kidney Stones

    Synthesis of Kidney Stones

    CHM2046L, Section 011, Group 2
    October 16th, 2025

    Lab Partners:
    Kayce Boucher,
    Emily Morales,
    Ashley Nguyen,

    and Sixto Sanchez.

    Aim (Sixto Sanchez):

    This experiment aims to determine whether various home medicines in dissolving the artificial

    kidney stones are synthesized during the first week. The efficacy of each therapy, the stones'

    solubility constant (Ksp) will be computed to compare their relative solubility. This will assist in

    assessing the chemical elements that affect the dissolving of stones and provide an explanation

    for the apparent or nonexistent effectiveness of each remedy.

    Materials (Sixto Sanchez):

    • Analytical balance

    • Spatula or stirring rod

    • Beaker: 100 mL and 250 mL

    • Erlenmeyer flask: 125 mL

    • Graduated cylinder: 10 mL

    • Pipettes

    • Vacuum filtration

    • Funnel

    • Drying plate

    Chemicals/Hazards (Ashley Nguyen):

    Chemical Name Chemical

    Formula

    Chemical

    Weight

    (g/mol)

    Physical

    Appearance

    Specific

    Hazards &

    Additional

    Notes

    Deionized Water 𝐻2𝑂

    18.0 g/mol Form: clear,

    liquid

    N/A

    Calcium Phosphate 𝐶a3(𝑃𝑂4)2

    234.05 g/mol Color: white

    Form: odorless

    power

    If skin contact:

    rinse skin with

    water/shower

    If eye contact:

    rise with

    Appearance:

    crystalline

    water, call

    doctor

    Not

    combustible

    but ambient

    fire may

    liberate vapors

    Apple Cider Vinegar (acidic acid)

    𝐶𝐻3𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐻

    ~60.052

    g/mol

    Physical state

    & appearance:

    liquid

    Odor:

    Pungent,

    vinegar-like

    Color: clear to

    yellowish

    brown tint

    Avoid

    breathing

    vapor, contact

    with eyes,

    skin, and

    clothing.

    Treat or

    dispose of

    waste material

    as a weak acid

    Methods and Procedures (Kayce Boucher):
    • Weigh the artificial kidney stones using an analytical scale.
    • Measure 25 mL of the ACV in a 25 mL graduated cylinder.
    • Transfer this to a 50 mL beaker.
    • Set the beaker up on a magnetic stirrer plate.
    • Measure and record the pH of the solutions.
    • Place the stone into the beaker.
    • Allow the stone to react with the solution.
    • When the reaction is completed, filter the solution through a filter lined funnel into a

    waste beaker.
    • Collect the remaining solid particles.
    • Dry the remaining solid particles.

    • When it is dried weigh it using an analytical balance.

    Calculations (Emily Morales):

    Formula to find the solubility constant:

    “s” is the molar solubility of calcium phosphate, experimentally determined.

    **## ResearchConnectionAssignmentDetailsGC2-S25.pdf**

    Research Connection Assignment-Detailed Rubric

    General

    Report

    Content

    1. Choose a concept/topic or a technique from the experiment you performed in this Module and find a

    recent peer-reviewed scientific article that relates to the concept chosen.

    2. Organize the results and include the calculations related to this project: Kidney Stones

    Finding the

    Journal

    Article

    How to search for a scientific article with free access

    Use a scientific search engine such as:

    – Google Scholar

    – Science Direct

    – Web of Science

    – USF Library E-Journals

    The article chosen should be published within the past seven (7) years.

    Tip: Within your Canvas course, under the “Supporting Documents” Module, there is a resource titled

    “Searching the Literature for Sources” that provides additional information on how to search the

    literature for appropriate research articles.

    The following questions you must be answered for the Research Connection portion of the assignment:

    Research

    Connection

    Assignment

    Questions

    1) Which specific topic or technique did you find in the article to be related to the experiment you

    performed in this Module? Give a clear short explanation of the connection between the two.

    (4 pts.)

    /14

    2) A. What procedure(s) did the researchers utilize to meet the objective(s) of the experiment in the

    article? Don't list the procedural steps. (4 pts.)

    B. What results did they collect? Give a brief summary of the key results. (3 pts.)

    C. How did they analyze their work? Summarize the techniques or approaches used. (3 pts.)

    Experimental
    Results

    The following details must be addressed in the experimental results portion of the assignment:

    Week 1: Organize the results obtained for the synthesis of the kidney stone. Make sure to include a
    descriptive title of the kidney stone type that was synthesized. Provide calculations for theoretical and
    percent yields for your synthetic kidney stone. (10 pts.)

    Week 2: Provide a step-by-step sample calculation for determining the solubility product constant (Ksp)
    for one of your kidney stones. (10 pts.)

    /20

    References

    ➢ Any idea, concept, application

    etc., that did not originate

    personally from you must be

    cited.

    ➢ As a reminder, directly quoting

    an external source is

    unacceptable.

    ➢ You are required to paraphrase,

    in your own words, all cited

    information that appears in this

    assignment.

    ➢ Plagiarism is unacceptable!

    Any form of plagiarism will

    result in a “0” for this

    assignment or other relevant

    academic penalties, according

    to the Academic Integrity

    Policy.

    Follow the ACS (American Chemical Society) format and have

    both, in-text citation (3pts) as well as the full citation under

    references (3pts).

    In- Text Citations:

    ❖ Cite both answers. The questions cannot be answered without

    the details in the article.

    ❖ All in-text citations should be cited with a superscript number

    and should match the appropriate cited external reference in

    the references section.

    ❖ Superscript numbers are issued and listed based on the order

    they appear in the document. Not based on the alphabetical last

    name of the author of the external source you are citing.

    Full Citation:

    ❖ List the full details of the article based on the ACS format and

    any other source used to prepare the report.

    ❖ The sources must be numbered based on the corresponding

    number cited in the text.

    ❖ If you are only citing the one article, the number should be one

    (1). Same number for the in-text citation no matter how many

    times you cite the source in the text.

    Tip: Within your Canvas course under the “Supporting Documents”

    Module, there is a resource entitled “American Chemical Society

    Citation Sources” that provides guidance to the ACS format. The third

    link covers details on in-text citations, and the second link covers

    details on how to format the full citation based on the type of source

    used.

    /6

    **## kidneystonereport.docx**

    **Results**

    | | | | | | | | |
    | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
    | | Mass (g) | ML sample | EDTA initial | EDTA final | EDTA final end point | EDTA mol | ca 2+ Concentration |
    | Flask #1 | 0.085 | 20 | 0 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 0.0003 | 0.02 |
    | Flask #2 | 0.11 | 20 | 0 | 4.7 | 4.7 | 0.0002 | 0.01 |
    | Flask #3 | 0.12 | 20 | 4.7 | 9 | 4.3 | 0.0002 | 0.01 |

    **Given Data**

    ·
    **Container Masses:**

    · Empty container: 2.59 g

    · Container with solid: 7.28 g

    · Actual yield (solid mass): 7.28 g – 2.59 g = 4.69 g

    · Theoretical Yield: 3.0 g

    · Percent Yield:

    · (4.69 / 3.0) × 100 = 156.33%

    · EDTA Titration Data:

    · EDTA concentration: 0.05 M

    · Flask #1:

    · Mass: 0.085 g

    · Sample volume: 20 mL

    · EDTA volume: 4.3 mL

    · Flask #2:

    · Mass: 0.11 g

    · Sample volume: 20 mL

    · EDTA volume: 4.7 mL

    · Flask #3:

    · Mass: 0.12 g

    · Sample volume: 20 mL

    · EDTA volume: 4.3 mL

    · Assumptions:

    · EDTA reacts with Ca²⁺ in a 1:1 molar ratio.

    · The 4.69 g solid is likely CaCO₃ (molar mass 100 g/mol), dissolved in ~436.3 mL, with 20 mL aliquots titrated.

    · Flask masses (0.085 g, 0.11 g, 0.12 g) are subsamples of the 4.69 g solid.

    Calculations

    Flask #1

    · EDTA Moles:

    · EDTA volume: 4.3 mL = 0.0043 L

    · EDTA concentration: 0.05 M

    · EDTA moles: 0.05 × 0.0043 = 0.000215 mol

    · Ca²⁺ Concentration:

    · Ca²⁺ moles = EDTA moles = 0.000215 mol

    · Sample volume: 20 mL = 0.02 L

    · Ca²⁺ concentration: 0.000215 / 0.02 = 0.01075 M

    Flask #2

    · EDTA Moles:

    · EDTA volume: 4.7 mL = 0.0047 L

    · EDTA concentration: 0.05 M

    · EDTA moles: 0.05 × 0.0047 = 0.000235 mol

    · Ca²⁺ Concentration:

    · Ca²⁺ moles = 0.000235 mol

    · Sample volume: 20 mL = 0.02 L

    · Ca²⁺ concentration: 0.000235 / 0.02 = 0.01175 M

    Flask #3

    · EDTA Moles:

    · EDTA volume: 4.3 mL = 0.0043 L

    · EDTA concentration: 0.05 M

    · EDTA moles: 0.05 × 0.0043 = 0.000215 mol

    · Ca²⁺ Concentration:

    · Ca²⁺ moles = 0.000215 mol

    · Sample volume: 20 mL = 0.02 L

    · Ca²⁺ concentration: 0.000215 / 0.02 = 0.01075 M

    Connection to 4.69 g Solid

    · Solid Composition:

    · Assume 4.69 g is CaCO₃

    · Moles CaCO₃: 4.69 / 100 = 0.0469 mol

    · Ca²⁺ moles: 0.0469 mol

    · Dissolution Volume (using Flask #1):

    · Ca²⁺ moles in 20 mL: 0.000215 mol

    · If dissolved in volume V (L):

    · 0.0469 × (0.02 / V) = 0.000215

    · V = (0.0469 × 0.02) / 0.000215 ≈ 0.4363 L (436.3 mL)

    · Ca²⁺ concentration in 436.3 mL: 0.0469 / 0.4363 ≈ 0.1075 M

    · In 20 mL: 0.1075 × (0.02 / 0.4363) ≈ 0.00493 M (lower than 0.01075 M, suggesting impurities)

    · Theoretical Yield (3.0 g CaCO₃):

    · Moles CaCO₃: 3.0 / 100 = 0.03 mol

    · In 436.3 mL: 0.03 / 0.4363 ≈ 0.0687 M

    · In 20 mL: 0.0687 × (0.02 / 0.4363) ≈ 0.00315 M (lower than flask concentrations)

    Final Answer

    · Flask #1:

    · EDTA moles: 0.000215 mol

    · Ca²⁺ concentration: 0.01075 M

    · Flask #2:

    · EDTA moles: 0.000235 mol

    · Ca²⁺ concentration: 0.01175 M

    · Flask #3:

    · EDTA moles: 0.000215 mol

    · Ca²⁺ concentration: 0.01075 M

    **Book.pdf**

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    – ## LibraryAssignmentRubric.pdf – Screenshot2025-10-11at7.27.12PM.jpeg.png **## LibraryAssignmentRubric.pdf** Title 5 3 0 The report includes a title that reflects the nature of the study using capital letters at the beginning of each word. The report includes a generic title or is missing capital …

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    – ## LibraryAssignmentRubric.pdf

    – Screenshot2025-10-11at7.27.12PM.jpeg.png

    **## LibraryAssignmentRubric.pdf**

    Title 5 3 0

    The report includes a title that reflects

    the nature of the study using capital
    letters at the beginning of each word.

    The report includes a generic
    title or is missing capital letters.

    No title is provided.

    Brief
    introduction

    10 9 – 5 4 – 0

    The introduction effectively provides
    background information. Effectively

    introduces the subject, creates
    interest, and states the thesis

    statement.

    It does not introduce the
    subject, create interest, and/or
    may not clearly state the thesis

    statement (may be implied).

    The introduction is missing 1 or
    2 relevant elements. The

    introduction given does not
    help the reader have a better

    grasp of the research.

    Literature
    review

    25 24 – 10 9 – 0

    A discussion of each element of the
    topic in question is presented in a

    clear and scientifically sound manner,
    providing enough scientific

    arguments. Different topics are
    separated using appropriate subtitles.

    A discussion of each element is
    presented, but it lacks clarity,
    arguments, scientific depth in
    the arguments, or subtitles.

    The discussion is missing the
    analyses of one or more
    elements. It lacks clarity,

    arguments, scientific depth in
    the arguments, or subtitles.

    Brief
    conclusions

    10 9 – 5 0

    Conclusions briefly summarize enough
    concluding ideas on the main points
    of the previous writing expressed in

    your own words.

    Conclusions do not provide
    enough concluding ideas on the

    main points of the previous
    writing expressed in your own

    words.

    No conclusions are provided.

    APA Style 25 24 – 10 9 – 0

    The research paper complies with all
    the guidelines for writing and

    documentation of research according
    to the APA Style format.

    The research paper complies
    with most of the guidelines for
    writing and documentation of
    research according to the APA

    Style format.

    The research paper complies
    with some of the guidelines for
    writing and documentation of
    research according to the APA

    Style format.

    Grammar and
    spelling

    10 9 – 5 4 – 0

    No grammar or spelling errors.
    1 – 10 grammar or spelling

    errors.
    More than 10 grammar or

    spelling errors.

    Sentence
    structure and

    paragraphs
    15 14 – 9 8 – 0

    All sentences and paragraphs are
    well structured and clearly related to

    each other and to the topic. An
    appropriate chemical vocabulary is

    used.

    Most sentences and
    paragraphs are well structured

    and clearly related to each
    other and to the topic. An

    appropriate chemical
    vocabulary is not used.

    Some sentences and
    paragraphs are well structured

    and clearly related to each
    other and to the topic. An

    appropriate chemical
    vocabulary is not used.

    **Screenshot2025-10-11at7.27.12PM.jpeg.png**

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    **## LibraryAssignmentRubric.pdf**

    Title 5 3 0

    The report includes a title that reflects

    the nature of the study using capital
    letters at the beginning of each word.

    The report includes a generic
    title or is missing capital letters.

    No title is provided.

    Brief
    introduction

    10 9 – 5 4 – 0

    The introduction effectively provides
    background information. Effectively

    introduces the subject, creates
    interest, and states the thesis

    statement.

    It does not introduce the
    subject, create interest, and/or
    may not clearly state the thesis

    statement (may be implied).

    The introduction is missing 1 or
    2 relevant elements. The

    introduction given does not
    help the reader have a better

    grasp of the research.

    Literature
    review

    25 24 – 10 9 – 0

    A discussion of each element of the
    topic in question is presented in a

    clear and scientifically sound manner,
    providing enough scientific

    arguments. Different topics are
    separated using appropriate subtitles.

    A discussion of each element is
    presented, but it lacks clarity,
    arguments, scientific depth in
    the arguments, or subtitles.

    The discussion is missing the
    analyses of one or more
    elements. It lacks clarity,

    arguments, scientific depth in
    the arguments, or subtitles.

    Brief
    conclusions

    10 9 – 5 0

    Conclusions briefly summarize enough
    concluding ideas on the main points
    of the previous writing expressed in

    your own words.

    Conclusions do not provide
    enough concluding ideas on the

    main points of the previous
    writing expressed in your own

    words.

    No conclusions are provided.

    APA Style 25 24 – 10 9 – 0

    The research paper complies with all
    the guidelines for writing and

    documentation of research according
    to the APA Style format.

    The research paper complies
    with most of the guidelines for
    writing and documentation of
    research according to the APA

    Style format.

    The research paper complies
    with some of the guidelines for
    writing and documentation of
    research according to the APA

    Style format.

    Grammar and
    spelling

    10 9 – 5 4 – 0

    No grammar or spelling errors.
    1 – 10 grammar or spelling

    errors.
    More than 10 grammar or

    spelling errors.

    Sentence
    structure and

    paragraphs
    15 14 – 9 8 – 0

    All sentences and paragraphs are
    well structured and clearly related to

    each other and to the topic. An
    appropriate chemical vocabulary is

    used.

    Most sentences and
    paragraphs are well structured

    and clearly related to each
    other and to the topic. An

    appropriate chemical
    vocabulary is not used.

    Some sentences and
    paragraphs are well structured

    and clearly related to each
    other and to the topic. An

    appropriate chemical
    vocabulary is not used.

    **Screenshot2025-10-11at7.27.12PM.jpeg.png**

    This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/screenshot2025-10-11at7-27-12pm-jpeg-png)

    **## LibraryAssignmentRubric.pdf**

    Title 5 3 0

    The report includes a title that reflects

    the nature of the study using capital
    letters at the beginning of each word.

    The report includes a generic
    title or is missing capital letters.

    No title is provided.

    Brief
    introduction

    10 9 – 5 4 – 0

    The introduction effectively provides
    background information. Effectively

    introduces the subject, creates
    interest, and states the thesis

    statement.

    It does not introduce the
    subject, create interest, and/or
    may not clearly state the thesis

    statement (may be implied).

    The introduction is missing 1 or
    2 relevant elements. The

    introduction given does not
    help the reader have a better

    grasp of the research.

    Literature
    review

    25 24 – 10 9 – 0

    A discussion of each element of the
    topic in question is presented in a

    clear and scientifically sound manner,
    providing enough scientific

    arguments. Different topics are
    separated using appropriate subtitles.

    A discussion of each element is
    presented, but it lacks clarity,
    arguments, scientific depth in
    the arguments, or subtitles.

    The discussion is missing the
    analyses of one or more
    elements. It lacks clarity,

    arguments, scientific depth in
    the arguments, or subtitles.

    Brief
    conclusions

    10 9 – 5 0

    Conclusions briefly summarize enough
    concluding ideas on the main points
    of the previous writing expressed in

    your own words.

    Conclusions do not provide
    enough concluding ideas on the

    main points of the previous
    writing expressed in your own

    words.

    No conclusions are provided.

    APA Style 25 24 – 10 9 – 0

    The research paper complies with all
    the guidelines for writing and

    documentation of research according
    to the APA Style format.

    The research paper complies
    with most of the guidelines for
    writing and documentation of
    research according to the APA

    Style format.

    The research paper complies
    with some of the guidelines for
    writing and documentation of
    research according to the APA

    Style format.

    Grammar and
    spelling

    10 9 – 5 4 – 0

    No grammar or spelling errors.
    1 – 10 grammar or spelling

    errors.
    More than 10 grammar or

    spelling errors.

    Sentence
    structure and

    paragraphs
    15 14 – 9 8 – 0

    All sentences and paragraphs are
    well structured and clearly related to

    each other and to the topic. An
    appropriate chemical vocabulary is

    used.

    Most sentences and
    paragraphs are well structured

    and clearly related to each
    other and to the topic. An

    appropriate chemical
    vocabulary is not used.

    Some sentences and
    paragraphs are well structured

    and clearly related to each
    other and to the topic. An

    appropriate chemical
    vocabulary is not used.

    **Screenshot2025-10-11at7.27.12PM.jpeg.png**

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  • [Solved] Chemistry

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    [>Organic chemistry homework help](https://www.sweetstudy.com/fields/chemistry-organic-chemistry) see doc – 2 years ago

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    [>Organic chemistry homework help](https://www.sweetstudy.com/fields/chemistry-organic-chemistry)

    see doc

    – 2 years ago

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    Explain why increasing the concentration of hydrochloric acid would affect the rate of reaction – 2 years ago

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    Explain why increasing the concentration of hydrochloric acid would affect the rate of reaction

    – 2 years ago

  • [Solved] Chemistry

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    Consider one alternative energy technology. The point is to gain a more in depth understanding of the technology considering its challenges, opportunities, scalability, applicability, and any other relevant nuanced considerations for your specific technology. **Requirements** – 700-1000 words long (…

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    Consider one alternative energy technology. The point is to gain a more in depth understanding of the technology considering its challenges, opportunities, scalability, applicability, and any other relevant nuanced considerations for your specific technology.

    **Requirements**

    – 700-1000 words long (excluding sources, citations, and quotes)
    – have at least 5 sources
    – use in text citations
    – Go beyond course material presented

    You will need to submit a document containing 5 annotated sources that you will use in your final paper

    in addition to a one paragraph summary on what your paper will be about. For each source you will

    need to include:

    • Source citation

    • One paragraph summary about the source (see below for example)

    • A brief description of how you plan to utilize the source

    After you have found five good sources you will need to write one paragraph describing what your paper

    will be about.

    Some good places to find sources include:

    1. Global Issues in Context

    2. Academic Search Complete

    3. Subject database in your subject area.

    4. ICC’s library

    5. I-Shares library system

    6. Your local library

    7. CQ Researcher

    8. Opposing Viewpoints

    9. SIRS Researcher.

    10. Newspapers: Access World News (Newsbank), Chicago Sun Times, and Peoria Journal Star.

    The Access World News source should be an international newspaper source.

    11. Advocacy websites: An advocacy website argues a specific opinion about an issue. For

    example, www.naral.org argues for the pro-choice abortion position and www.nrlc.org

    argues against abortion. Find two advocacy websites which are polar opposites on your

    issue to include in your bibliography. CQ Researcher really helps with this category.

    Example:

    1. Berry, Wendell. “Faustian Economics: Hell hath no limits.” Harper’s Magazine. May, 2008.

    https://harpers.org/archive/2008/05/faustian-economics/. Accessed 9 October 2017.

    In Wendell Berry’s article “Faustian Economics: Hell hath no limits,” he believes human greed and

    wastefulness are sustaining the illusion that we have no limits. Berry argues, however, that we must

    begin thinking of ourselves, our place in this world as humans, as limited. He compares Faust making a

    deal with the devil with our making a deal with nature. We exploit finite, limited resources such as oil,

    coal, and forests to satiate our immediate desires, but fail to consider the lasting impact our decisions

    have on future resources. In short, the oil is gone forever once it is used. Berry’s answer to being

    limited but acting unlimited is to look to the arts, not the sciences and technology, for our pathway

    toward limits in this world. He believes these limits actually open up our world, not “confine” it. Once

    we learn our limits, we as humans will be much better off.

    I plan to use this source to illustrate how the current economic models used generally ignore the idea

    that the world contains a finite amount of materials.

    – 2 years ago