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  • [Solved] COACHSLP

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    – ## MODULE3SLPLED514TEMP.docx **## MODULE3SLPLED514TEMP.docx** **Setting Personal Leadership Goals** In Module 1, you began the process of developing a Leadership Growth Plan (LGP) with a thorough self-assessment. In Module 2, you established your vision, identified obstacles to achieving that visi…

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    Assignment Prompt & Instructions

    – ## MODULE3SLPLED514TEMP.docx

    **## MODULE3SLPLED514TEMP.docx**

    **Setting Personal Leadership Goals**

    In Module 1, you began the process of developing a Leadership Growth Plan (LGP) with a thorough self-assessment. In Module 2, you established your vision, identified obstacles to achieving that vision, and made plans to overcome the obstacles. In this module, you will continue to develop your LGP by setting goals and conducting an assessment of resources you will need to accomplish your goals. The outcome of this exercise is a 2- to 3-page plan that specifies 3 to 4 goals you would like to accomplish in the next year and sets clear objectives for what you will need to do to achieve them.

    **Keys to the Assignment**

    Perhaps the hardest part of setting goals is getting started. Begin by considering the following:

    1. Ask yourself: “What do I need to be doing in order to achieve my vision?” Think in terms of what you can accomplish by next year. These are the
    **_milestones_** that describe your goals. They define what you intend to do.

    2. Next, look at each goal separately and ask yourself:

    · “What do I need to do to reach this goal?”

    · “What skills do I need to acquire?”

    · “What new knowledge do I need?”

    The answers to these three questions constitute your objectives.

    Objectives are shorter term than goals and specify what you need, when you need it, and how you are going to get it. While goal statements are helpful in that they set a direction, objectives provide the “roadmap” that will get you to your vision. Objectives tell you exactly what you need to do, how you need to do it, and provide a timeline.

    Strong objectives meet the following criteria:

    · They are specific. When you write your objectives, use action words that have a tangible outcome such as identify, demonstrate, perform, or calculate. You will be able to assess when you have met these types of objectives.  Avoid words like understand, appreciate, know, or learn. These terms are too vague. How will you be able to assess whether or not you “understand”?

    · They are challenging. Difficult, but attainable objectives will help you cultivate a greater leadership capacity. If an objective is too easy, you will not grow. If it is too difficult, you may end up frustrated and the goal will be unfulfilled.

    Your goals and objectives form the outline of your development plan. To flesh it out, determine what actions are required to meet your objectives. These actions usually make up the greater part of the leadership development plan itself.

    **Putting it all together and writing up the plan**

    · Fortunately, there are a lot of templates on the internet to help you create an action plan. Begin by doing some research and select a template that will allow you to present your goals, objectives, and timeline. You will also need to identify the resources you will need.  Most of these templates are some type of table, and it is easy to follow what will need to be done, by when.

    · The critical component of this assignment is to be specific about what actions you will take to gather the resources you will need to meet your goals. The following list gives a number of specific actions you can include in your plan, but you should not stop with these. Use your own initiative and creativity to come up with additional formal, informal, directed, and self-directed actions you can take to meet your Leadership Growth Plan.

    ·
    **Reading**- This is the basic and most fundamental way to stay current in your area of expertise, gain new knowledge, and be inspired. Your plan should include regular reading of professional journals, trade publications, books, and reputable online resources.

    ·
    **Training programs and courses –** Formal courses and training seminars can be effective and efficient ways of learning new skills and expanding your leadership capacities. Many companies offer such training opportunities, but also check independent or consulting firms in specific areas such as motivation, performance appraisal, cross-cultural communication, or mentoring. Check out the internet, but also local colleges and universities. Certificates can offer cost- and time-effective ways to home in on developing specific skills such as human resources or project management.

    ·
    **On the job**– even if your current position does not involve leadership responsibilities, you can look for ways to learn leadership through practical experience by mentoring a younger or newer employee, chairing a task force, preparing a presentation, or simply working to develop your active listening skills on a daily basis.

    ·
    **Volunteering** – Join a civic group, charity, board of a non-profit, political campaign, fundraising effort, or other community service. Be the first to offer to take on a new project or supervise other volunteers.  Represent the group on radio, TV, or press as the spokesperson.

    ·
    **Find a mentor** – identify someone who has what you want and ask if they will show you the ropes.  Let them know that you want to develop specific skills, such as public speaking or organizing events and would be interested in being a helping hand to learn these skills. Ask for feedback from supervisors and let them know you would welcome leadership opportunities.

    ·
    **Journaling** – often overlooked, a habit of writing about problems, learnings, obstacles encountered and overcome, and even hopes and dreams of the future can help set direction and increase motivation.  A journal can document what you are learning and how it can apply to your leadership development.

    **SLP Assignment Expectations**

    · Include a cover page and reference page in addition to the 2-3 pages of analysis described above. Remember that when an assignment calls for 2 -3  pages, the assignment was created to result in a paper 3 pages in length; however, your professor may accept a paper that is at least 2 full pages.

    · Your paper must have an introduction and a conclusion.

    · Use headings to indicate major sections of the report (this is the “organization” part of the grading rubric).

    · Cite and reference all sources used to complete this assignment. Your reference list must contain at least 3 high quality peer-reviewed references from the Trident Online Library.

    · Use APA formatting according to the 7th edition.

    · Proofread and edit your papers carefully. The expectation is zero errors.The best tool to do this is the Editor tool found in MS Word toolbar at the top of the page.

    CHECKLIST FOR SECTIONS

    | | | |
    | — | — | — |
    | **LED514 Module 3 Session Long Project Checklist (Rev.12-14-22)** |
    | **INSTRUCTIONS FOR STUDENT:** After you complete your references section in your assignment, copy and paste this grading rubric to your Word document and use it as a checklist to help make sure you covered all the required content, structure, and mechanical expectations. |
    | **_Content (Student should structure the paper into sections below.)_**<br>**_Student should use mark the box below as a checklist._** | **Student Notes** |
    | **Section 1- Introduction** ( Use this header): describes what the memo is going to be about; it mentions the upcoming sections. | | |
    | Section 2- Goal 1 of 3( Use this header): Answer these questions:<br>· What is the goal?<br>· Why is it important?<br>· How does the goal connect to your personal values?<br>· How do you measure you achieved it?<br>· What is the timeline for this goal?<br>· How will you hold yourself accountable for finishing the goal?<br>· What resources do you need?<br>· What specific steps/actions do you need to take to complete the goal? | | |
    | Section 3- Goal 3 of 3 ( Use this header): Answer these questions:<br>· What is the goal?<br>· Why is it important?<br>· How does the goal connect to your personal values?<br>· How do you measure you achieved it?<br>· What is the timeline for this goal?<br>· How will you hold yourself accountable for finishing the goal?<br>· What resources do you need?<br>· What specific steps/actions do you need to take to complete the goal? | | |
    | Section 4- Goal 3 of 3 ( Use this header): Answer these questions:<br>· What is the goal?<br>· Why is it important?<br>· How does the goal connect to your personal values?<br>· How do you measure you achieved it?<br>· What is the timeline for this goal?<br>· How will you hold yourself accountable for finishing the goal?<br>· What resources do you need?<br>· What specific steps/actions do you need to take to complete the goal? | | |
    | **Section 5- References** ( Use this header): has 3 peer-reviewed/scholarly references from the databases within the CyberLibrary. The references are also integrated within the paper. | | |
    | **Section 6- Grading Rubric** ( Use this header): contains this grading rubric. | | |
    | **_Organization / Development_**<br>**_Student should use mark the box below as a checklist._** | **Student Notes** |
    | The 6 required sections are organized separately in sequence as listed in the Content section. | | |
    | The memo is at least 2 full pages in length (excluding references and headers) size 12 Times New Roman font with double spacing text. | | |
    | Each section is labelled with the header prescribed above. | | |
    | **_Mechanics_**<br>**_Student should use mark the box below as a checklist._** | **Student Notes** |
    | Formatting or layout and graphics are pleasing to the eye (font, colors, spacing). | | |
    | Rules of grammar, word usage, punctuation, capitalization, and spelling are followed. | | |
    | Sentences are complete, clear, varied, and concise with proper syntax. | | |
    | Used size 12 Times New Roman font for main body text and References. | | |
    | Used double spacing between sentences and in References section. | | |

    **## MODULE3SLPLED514TEMP.docx**

    **Setting Personal Leadership Goals**

    In Module 1, you began the process of developing a Leadership Growth Plan (LGP) with a thorough self-assessment. In Module 2, you established your vision, identified obstacles to achieving that vision, and made plans to overcome the obstacles. In this module, you will continue to develop your LGP by setting goals and conducting an assessment of resources you will need to accomplish your goals. The outcome of this exercise is a 2- to 3-page plan that specifies 3 to 4 goals you would like to accomplish in the next year and sets clear objectives for what you will need to do to achieve them.

    **Keys to the Assignment**

    Perhaps the hardest part of setting goals is getting started. Begin by considering the following:

    1. Ask yourself: “What do I need to be doing in order to achieve my vision?” Think in terms of what you can accomplish by next year. These are the
    **_milestones_** that describe your goals. They define what you intend to do.

    2. Next, look at each goal separately and ask yourself:

    · “What do I need to do to reach this goal?”

    · “What skills do I need to acquire?”

    · “What new knowledge do I need?”

    The answers to these three questions constitute your objectives.

    Objectives are shorter term than goals and specify what you need, when you need it, and how you are going to get it. While goal statements are helpful in that they set a direction, objectives provide the “roadmap” that will get you to your vision. Objectives tell you exactly what you need to do, how you need to do it, and provide a timeline.

    Strong objectives meet the following criteria:

    · They are specific. When you write your objectives, use action words that have a tangible outcome such as identify, demonstrate, perform, or calculate. You will be able to assess when you have met these types of objectives.  Avoid words like understand, appreciate, know, or learn. These terms are too vague. How will you be able to assess whether or not you “understand”?

    · They are challenging. Difficult, but attainable objectives will help you cultivate a greater leadership capacity. If an objective is too easy, you will not grow. If it is too difficult, you may end up frustrated and the goal will be unfulfilled.

    Your goals and objectives form the outline of your development plan. To flesh it out, determine what actions are required to meet your objectives. These actions usually make up the greater part of the leadership development plan itself.

    **Putting it all together and writing up the plan**

    · Fortunately, there are a lot of templates on the internet to help you create an action plan. Begin by doing some research and select a template that will allow you to present your goals, objectives, and timeline. You will also need to identify the resources you will need.  Most of these templates are some type of table, and it is easy to follow what will need to be done, by when.

    · The critical component of this assignment is to be specific about what actions you will take to gather the resources you will need to meet your goals. The following list gives a number of specific actions you can include in your plan, but you should not stop with these. Use your own initiative and creativity to come up with additional formal, informal, directed, and self-directed actions you can take to meet your Leadership Growth Plan.

    ·
    **Reading**- This is the basic and most fundamental way to stay current in your area of expertise, gain new knowledge, and be inspired. Your plan should include regular reading of professional journals, trade publications, books, and reputable online resources.

    ·
    **Training programs and courses –** Formal courses and training seminars can be effective and efficient ways of learning new skills and expanding your leadership capacities. Many companies offer such training opportunities, but also check independent or consulting firms in specific areas such as motivation, performance appraisal, cross-cultural communication, or mentoring. Check out the internet, but also local colleges and universities. Certificates can offer cost- and time-effective ways to home in on developing specific skills such as human resources or project management.

    ·
    **On the job**– even if your current position does not involve leadership responsibilities, you can look for ways to learn leadership through practical experience by mentoring a younger or newer employee, chairing a task force, preparing a presentation, or simply working to develop your active listening skills on a daily basis.

    ·
    **Volunteering** – Join a civic group, charity, board of a non-profit, political campaign, fundraising effort, or other community service. Be the first to offer to take on a new project or supervise other volunteers.  Represent the group on radio, TV, or press as the spokesperson.

    ·
    **Find a mentor** – identify someone who has what you want and ask if they will show you the ropes.  Let them know that you want to develop specific skills, such as public speaking or organizing events and would be interested in being a helping hand to learn these skills. Ask for feedback from supervisors and let them know you would welcome leadership opportunities.

    ·
    **Journaling** – often overlooked, a habit of writing about problems, learnings, obstacles encountered and overcome, and even hopes and dreams of the future can help set direction and increase motivation.  A journal can document what you are learning and how it can apply to your leadership development.

    **SLP Assignment Expectations**

    · Include a cover page and reference page in addition to the 2-3 pages of analysis described above. Remember that when an assignment calls for 2 -3  pages, the assignment was created to result in a paper 3 pages in length; however, your professor may accept a paper that is at least 2 full pages.

    · Your paper must have an introduction and a conclusion.

    · Use headings to indicate major sections of the report (this is the “organization” part of the grading rubric).

    · Cite and reference all sources used to complete this assignment. Your reference list must contain at least 3 high quality peer-reviewed references from the Trident Online Library.

    · Use APA formatting according to the 7th edition.

    · Proofread and edit your papers carefully. The expectation is zero errors.The best tool to do this is the Editor tool found in MS Word toolbar at the top of the page.

    CHECKLIST FOR SECTIONS

    | | | |
    | — | — | — |
    | **LED514 Module 3 Session Long Project Checklist (Rev.12-14-22)** |
    | **INSTRUCTIONS FOR STUDENT:** After you complete your references section in your assignment, copy and paste this grading rubric to your Word document and use it as a checklist to help make sure you covered all the required content, structure, and mechanical expectations. |
    | **_Content (Student should structure the paper into sections below.)_**<br>**_Student should use mark the box below as a checklist._** | **Student Notes** |
    | **Section 1- Introduction** ( Use this header): describes what the memo is going to be about; it mentions the upcoming sections. | | |
    | Section 2- Goal 1 of 3( Use this header): Answer these questions:<br>· What is the goal?<br>· Why is it important?<br>· How does the goal connect to your personal values?<br>· How do you measure you achieved it?<br>· What is the timeline for this goal?<br>· How will you hold yourself accountable for finishing the goal?<br>· What resources do you need?<br>· What specific steps/actions do you need to take to complete the goal? | | |
    | Section 3- Goal 3 of 3 ( Use this header): Answer these questions:<br>· What is the goal?<br>· Why is it important?<br>· How does the goal connect to your personal values?<br>· How do you measure you achieved it?<br>· What is the timeline for this goal?<br>· How will you hold yourself accountable for finishing the goal?<br>· What resources do you need?<br>· What specific steps/actions do you need to take to complete the goal? | | |
    | Section 4- Goal 3 of 3 ( Use this header): Answer these questions:<br>· What is the goal?<br>· Why is it important?<br>· How does the goal connect to your personal values?<br>· How do you measure you achieved it?<br>· What is the timeline for this goal?<br>· How will you hold yourself accountable for finishing the goal?<br>· What resources do you need?<br>· What specific steps/actions do you need to take to complete the goal? | | |
    | **Section 5- References** ( Use this header): has 3 peer-reviewed/scholarly references from the databases within the CyberLibrary. The references are also integrated within the paper. | | |
    | **Section 6- Grading Rubric** ( Use this header): contains this grading rubric. | | |
    | **_Organization / Development_**<br>**_Student should use mark the box below as a checklist._** | **Student Notes** |
    | The 6 required sections are organized separately in sequence as listed in the Content section. | | |
    | The memo is at least 2 full pages in length (excluding references and headers) size 12 Times New Roman font with double spacing text. | | |
    | Each section is labelled with the header prescribed above. | | |
    | **_Mechanics_**<br>**_Student should use mark the box below as a checklist._** | **Student Notes** |
    | Formatting or layout and graphics are pleasing to the eye (font, colors, spacing). | | |
    | Rules of grammar, word usage, punctuation, capitalization, and spelling are followed. | | |
    | Sentences are complete, clear, varied, and concise with proper syntax. | | |
    | Used size 12 Times New Roman font for main body text and References. | | |
    | Used double spacing between sentences and in References section. | | |

  • [Solved] policy analysis

    ✓ Verified Academic Solution Available

    Executive Solution Overview

    i have included the instructions below Elder Justice Act – ## PolicyAnalysisTopic.docx – ## _PolicyAnalysisinstructions.docx – ## AnnotatedBibliographySW6302.docx **## PolicyAnalysisTopic.docx** **Policy Analysis Topic** Ja’Mya Wilburn Department of Social Work, University of Kentucky SW 630, Intro…

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    Assignment Prompt & Instructions

    i have included the instructions below
    Elder Justice Act

    – ## PolicyAnalysisTopic.docx

    – ## _PolicyAnalysisinstructions.docx

    – ## AnnotatedBibliographySW6302.docx

    **## PolicyAnalysisTopic.docx**

    **Policy Analysis Topic**

    Ja’Mya Wilburn

    Department of Social Work, University of Kentucky

    SW 630, Intro Soc Welfare, Policy & Services

    Dr. Roberts

    September 21, 2025

    1) I am interested in the topic of elder abuse and neglect

    2) Elder abuse and neglect is a serious topic which is oftentimes a hidden social issue that may include but not limited to physical abuse, financial exploitation, neglect, and abandonment of older adults. This can occur in homes, nursing facilities, and various community settings. This topic directly connects to social work practices due to social workers being on the front line of identifying or reporting elder abuse and promoting their safety and autonomy. This issue intersects with ageism, mental health, caregiver stress, and underfunding that goes towards services targeting the aging population.

    3) a) Approximately 1 in 10 adults over the age of 60 in the U.S. have experienced some form of elder abuse, but only 1 in 24 cases are reported to authorities ( National Council on Aging, 2021).

    b) In 2020, Adult Protective Services ( APS) agencies received over 1.3 million reports of elder abuse, neglect, or exploitation in the U.S. ( Administration for Community Living 2022).

    c) The global population aged 60 and older are expected to double by the year of 2050, placing growing pressure on elder care systems and abuse prevention efforts (World Health Organization, 2021).

    4) The policy I will focus on is the Elder Justice Act (EJA), which was originally passed as a part of the Affordable Care Act in 2010 and is the first comprehensive federal legislation to address elder abuse, neglect, and exploitation.

    Sources:

    Administration for Community Living. (2022).
    _Elder abuse prevention_. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. https://acl.gov/programs/elder-justice/elder-abuse-prevention

    National Council on Aging. (2021).
    _Get the facts on elder abuse_. https://www.ncoa.org/article/get-the-facts-on-elder-abuse

    World Health Organization. (2021).
    _Elder abuse_.
    [https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/elder-abuse](https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/elder-abuse)

    **## _PolicyAnalysisinstructions.docx**

    **For this assignment, you are conducting a succinct Policy Analysis.**

    ·
    **_Remember, social policy is a response to a social problem (or a perceived social problem –_** not everyone will agree that something is a “problem). As such, to develop an understanding of social welfare policy, you must first develop an understanding of the problem(s) the policy is trying to address. This paper allows you to explore the problem and the policy response.

    ·
    **_An example to help with this clarification:_** in 2022 and 2023 we saw a huge uptick in anti-LGBTQ+ legislation across the United States. This included local and state level policies that ban drag shows, books, gender affirming treatment for trans youth, and more. As such, a “problem” has been defined by those who have pushed for these bills. So, if you were exploring Tennesses’s most recent anti-trans policy, you would have to look at/understand the “problem” that the legislation is trying to address as well as looking at/understanding how people are harmed/marginalized by the way that the “problem” has been defined.

    ·
    **_In your policy analysis assignment you will need to critically explore how problems are discussed/defined._**

    · Ensure that you are connecting the social problem you discuss to
    policy – we are defining policy as a specific piece of legislation at the federal, state, or local level. This paper requires you to assess an actual policy. so you're looking for the legislation that has been enacted as a response to the social problem. Programs are created by legislation but you're not doing an evaluation of the program, rather you're looking at the legislation itself.

    · It is also important to remember that you must look at policy that has been enacted for this assignment. You will not be able to complete this assignment with something that was introduced but not enacted. In some cases, you may be looking at one part of a larger policy – e.g. one component of the Affordable Care Act, the Personal Responsibility And Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act, etc. Work with your instructor to ensure you’ve selected an appropriate and “doable” topic for this paper.

    YOUR 5-7 PAGE PAPER WILL INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING:

    ·
    **_Title Page:_** Follow the guidelines for student papers

    ·
    **_Introduction_** _:_ Summarize the overall focus of your paper and provide your reader with a
    **roadmap/outline** of your discussion.  In your introduction you should clearly identify both the problem and the policy response.

    ·
    **_Body_**

    · The content (i.e., body of the paper) should address the following areas.

    1.
    **History and Context of the Social Problem**

    · What is the problem/how is it defined/who defines it as such?  Is there disagreement about whether or not there is a problem?  How is it defined?  Explain.

    · Provide facts and data that describe the problem.

    · What, if any, conflicting social values and beliefs are at play in how the problem is viewed/understood? Are some values minimized while others figure prominently in the way the problem is described to the public/to policy makers?

    · Who is affected by the problem?  Are any groups disproportionately affected?  Explore/Explain.

    2.
    **Power Imbalance and Struggle**

    · Who loses from this social problem?

    · Who gains from this social problem?

    · Who opposes/supports this alleviation of the problem?

    · As related to the problem, what is the balance of power?

    3.
    **Public Reaction**

    ·  Explore how voters react to this problem – are there differences based on age, income, gender, religious preference, political affiliation, etc.

    · Explore how the media covers and portrays the issue?

    4.
    **Public Policy**

    · What is the public policy that responds to this social issue?

    I. Describe the policy – when implemented, by whom, at what level, etc.

    II. Has the policy changed since it was implemented?  How?  Legislative?  Judicial?  Administrative?

    · What are the objectives of the policy and how are those reflective of values/beliefs?

    · Are there hidden agendas?

    · Who is in support of/opposition to the policy?  (What groups have spoken out to support and/or protest the policy?)

    5.
    **Policy Implementation and Impact**

    · What programs have been implemented as a result of the policy? Who has oversight over these programs? If there are multiple programs, choose one to discuss.

    · How does this program address the identified problem?

    · Who is served by the program? Is any group disproportionally involved in the program?

    · Are the programs effective? How is this effectiveness measured? What is the cost/benefit of the program?

    · Discuss the impact of the policy and program – both intended and unintended.

    6.
    **Future of Program and Policy**

    · Is there current legislative, judicial, and/or administrative action related to the program?

    · Is the problem a "hot topic" in politics today?

    · What changes are on the horizon for this policy? Why?

    · From a social work point of view, summarize what needs to be done to better support marginalized and oppressed groups as related to the future of this policy area.

    · The body of your paper should include headers to aid in the organization and flow of your paper.

    ·
    **_Conclusion_**

    · Summarize the main points of your discussion

    · This assignment is expected to have a minimum of 11 references, a minimum of 5 are recent academic sources.

    · The assignment should be completed in a minimum of 5 and a maximum of 7 pages. Please remember that one of the goals of this assignment is to build on your ability to use clear, concise language. In our profession it is critical that we are able to discuss complex ideas and topics in short and clear written documents. Papers that go over the page length will not be accepted.

    · Do not use quotes excessively; when appropriate you may want to use a short direct quote but you should focus on your own ability to succinctly convey what you’ve learned.

    **Areas for Improvement**

    ·
    **APA formatting. Check italics, spacing, and capitalization of journal titles and ensure consistent hanging indents throughout.**

    ·
    **Conceptual section expansion. Briefly add more on implementation barriers (funding, reporting inconsistency) and measurable policy outcomes to strengthen the analysis.**

    **## AnnotatedBibliographySW6302.docx**

    **Annotated Bibliography: The Elder Justice Act (EJA)**

    Ja’Mya Wilburn

    Department of Social Work, University of Kentucky

    SW 630, Intro Soc Welfare, Policy & Services

    Dr. Roberts

    October 5, 2025

    **Annotated Bibliography: The Elder Justice Act (EJA)**

    **Alias, A. N., Mokti, K., Ibrahim, M. Y., Saupin, S., & Madrim, M. F. (2023). Elderly Abuse and Neglect on Population Health: Literature Review and Interventions from Selected Countries.**
    **_Korean Journal of Family Medicine_,**
    **_44_(6), 311–318.** [**https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.23.0046**](https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.23.0046)

    This article provides a mixture of elder abuse and neglect, examining global prevalence, risk factors, and intervention strategies in countries such as Malaysia, the United States, and Australia. It will help answer questions about the societal and policy-level responses to elder abuse and the effectiveness of current interventions. This article will also give me some insight and allow me to compare the Elder Justice Act passed in the USA in 2010 to other various countries and the steps they take to protect their older adults. A useful quote is, “Communities are regularly trained on how to report abuse or suspected incidents to local adult protective services (APS), long-term care ombudsmen, or the police. National Centers on Elder Abuse have been established in every state to enhance the national response to elder abuse, neglect, and exploitation by assembling, housing, disseminating and to encourage cutting-edge validated methods of research, practice policy, and education.” (Alias et al., 2023, p. 317). The article’s comparative approach offers insights into effective international interventions and theoretical frameworks for understanding elder abuse and mistreatment

    **Nemati-Vakilabad, R., Khalili, Z., Ghanbari-Afra, L., & Mirzaei, A. (2023). The prevalence of elder abuse and risk factors: A cross-sectional study of community older adults.**
    **_BMC Geriatrics_,**
    **_23_(1).** [**https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-023-04307-0**](https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-023-04307-0)

    This research from this particular article was done to discover forms of elderly abuse and analyze the risk involved with 500 older people in Ardabil (northwestern Iran). It will be used to answer questions regarding the rate of elder abuse, cultural factors, and the connection between family structure, chronic illness, and susceptibility to abuse. “Certain factors were linked to a higher severity of elder abuse, such as having a specific number of children (1–4 or 5), suffering from a chronic disease, and residing in an apartment. However, emotional neglect had the highest prevalence , while physical abuse had the lowest prevalence at (Nemati-Vakilabad et al., 2023, p. 3). The article critically examines the intersection of family structure, health conditions and social isolation to increase the risk of abuse. Its thorough statistical analysis and cross-cultural background make it especially helpful in exploring the ways in which social work interventions can be adjusted to prevent elderly abuse in a variety of settings and how some of these same protocols could be adopted in the U.S..

    **Kitaw, T. A., Baylie, A., Tekle, B. A., Tilahun, B. D., Getie, A., Abate, B. B., Feleke, S. F., Zemariam, A. B., Azmeraw, M., Yilak, G., Seid, S., & Haile, R. N. (2025). Elder abuse without borders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.**
    **_BMC Public Health_,**
    **_25_(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-23548-9**

    This article provides a global analysis of elder abuse, identifying its prevalence, forms, and regional variations across 35 countries. It will help answer questions about how socioeconomic, cultural, and institutional factors influence elder mistreatment and guide effective prevention strategies. A useful quote is, “The global prevalence of 27.6% underscores elder abuse as a critical public health issue, but this figure likely underestimates the true extent due to underreporting, stigma, and dependency on abusers (Kitaw et al., 2025, p. 7). The results of the study indicate that improved reporting mechanisms, employee training and policy changes are required to safeguard the elderly.

    **American Psychological Association. (2022, November 10).**
    **_Elder abuse: How to spot warning signs, get help, and report mistreatment_. Apa.org; American Psychological Association.** [**https://www.apa.org/topics/aging-older-adults/elder-abuse**](https://www.apa.org/topics/aging-older-adults/elder-abuse)

    This article discusses different forms of elder abuse. It will help answer questions about risk factors, signs of mistreatment, and effective strategies for prevention and intervention. “Approximately one in ten people aged 60 and older who live at home experience abuse, including mistreatment and exploitation” (American Psychological Association, 2022, p. 1). The article highlights how caregiver stress, social isolation, and cultural attitudes can perpetuate abuse while offering practical guidance for recognizing and reporting it. Its comprehensive overview and clear prevention strategies make it a valuable source for examining the social work role in identifying, reporting, and addressing elder abuse through education, community outreach, and caregiver support initiatives.

    **Sun, X., & Yan, Z. (2025). Social networks reshape the impact of elder abuse on social well-being: a national longitudinal analysis of urban-rural disparities in China.**
    **_Journal of Elder Abuse & Neglect_, 1–32.** [**https://doi.org/10.1080/08946566.2025.2523591**](https://doi.org/10.1080/08946566.2025.2523591)

    This article explores how elder abuse affects social well-being across urban and rural areas around the world , emphasizing the mediating role of social networks. It will help answer questions about how social context and access to support influence recovery and resilience after mistreatment. I could continue to explore the differences in the U.S regarding elder abuse and reiterate how the U.S has taken certain protocols for those who have been affected by elder abuse.”Decrease in the friend contact network and the relative emotional network were related to diminished social well-being among rural elder abuse victims” (Sun & Yan, 2025, p. 334). The authors used longitudinal data from over 7,000 older adults to compare the effects of neglect, financial, and psychological abuse. Their findings challenge conventional assumptions by showing that, under certain conditions, expanded social and community support can mitigate negative outcomes. This comprehensive study provides valuable insight into how cultural values, urbanization, and access to home- and community-based services affect the lived experiences of elder abuse survivors.

    **Blance-Palmer, R., Klaic, M., Rushford, H., Celeste, T., & Joubert, L. (2025). Elder abuse: a scoping review of the hospital social work role.**
    **_Journal of Elder Abuse & Neglect_, 1–23.** [**https://doi.org/10.1080/08946566.2025.2554115**](https://doi.org/10.1080/08946566.2025.2554115)

    This article explores the vital role of hospital social workers in identifying and responding to elder abuse, emphasizing their contributions within multidisciplinary healthcare teams. It will help answer how social workers assess needs, conduct screenings, and coordinate support for at risk older adults. “Psychosocial assessments are important, and service linkages are a key role of the social worker” (Blance-Palmer et al., 2025, p. 13). The study notes challenges such as limited research on hospital interventions and differences across healthcare systems. Its findings show how training and policy changes can improve hospital responses to elder abuse through stronger detection, documentation, and teamwork.

    **Giraldo-Rodríguez, L., Agudelo-Botero, M., & Rojas-Russell, M. E. (2024). Elder Abuse and Depressive Symptoms: The Mediating Role of Loneliness in Older Adults.**
    **_Archives of Medical Research_,**
    **_55_(6), 103045–103045.** [**https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103045**](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103045)

    In this study, the focus is on the mediating role played by loneliness in measuring the association between elderly abuse (EA) and levels of depressive symptoms. This will allow me to respond to questions regarding the psychological effect of EA, the influence of social isolation, and which types of abuse lead to depression the most. A useful quote is, “Older people who experience EA are more likely to experience feelings of loneliness and vulnerability as a result of their health condition and their social and family environment” (Giraldo-Rodríguez et al., 2024, p. 7). The article is rich with information on the prevalence of various forms of abuse, the association with loneliness and depression, and the relevance of specific social work interventions. It draws attention to the interplay of social, physical and psychological factors to influence older adults.

    **Primc, T., Mihelič, K., & Lobnikar, B. (2025). Analysis of the Need for Safe Houses for Victims of Elder Abuse from the Perspective of Police Officers and Social Workers.**
    **_Social Sciences_,**
    **_14_(4), 192.** [**https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14040192**](https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14040192)

    This study explores professionals’ perceptions of elder abuse, response measures, and challenges in addressing abuse in Slovenia. It will assist provide responses on professional awareness, intervention strategies, systemic gaps in responding to elder abuse. “Social workers consistently rated all assistance forms as more necessary than police officers, highlighting the importance of specialized services” (Primc et al., 2025, p. 14). The research indicates variations in professional attitudes, the extent of the type of abuse, and effective collaboration practices. The results of its activities assist in discovering problems in rural communities, enhancing training initiatives, and informing policies on how to safeguard old age and secure safe living conditions.

    **Overview of paper**

    My paper will address elder abuse, including physical, mental, and financial mistreatment of older individuals, and policy remedies such as the Elder Justice Act of 2010. The focus will be on how federal and state interventions, reporting systems, and community activities safeguard vulnerable older persons while considering implementation and enforcement challenges.

    **History of the Problem**

    I will emphasize the identification of elder abuse as a social and health issue. When state-level Adult Protective Services programs were developed in the 1970s, elder abuse became a public health and social issue. The 2010 Elder Justice Act, the first federal law against elder mistreatment, was crucial. I will also discuss the National Center on Elder Abuse and its role in influencing state awareness, training, and reporting processes to contextualize the expanding federal role in safeguarding older individuals.

    **Clarification of the Problem**

    The policy addresses elder abuse, which affects one in ten 60-year-olds (APA, 2022). In familial and caregiver situations, when older individuals are most reliant, neglect, psychological abuse, and financial exploitation occur. Nemati-Vakilabad et al. (2023) identified chronic disease, social isolation, and caregiver stress as risk factors for the condition. Policymakers prioritize systemic protection and coordinated responses by defining elder abuse as a social and health problem.

    **Conflicting Social Values in Legislation**

    Social principles in elder abuse policy reconcile older persons' autonomy and society's duty to protect the vulnerable. For instance, mandatory reporting regulations can raise concerns about privacy and autonomy, despite many policies promoting personal dignity and independence (Blance-Palmer et al., 2025). Additionally, policies emphasize safety, fairness, and equality; however, political and cultural beliefs influence how nations fund, prioritize, and enforce these initiatives.

    **Policy Effectiveness**

    Research reveals that elder abuse policies, particularly the Elder Justice Act, have boosted awareness, reporting, and professional training (Alias et al., 2023). However, underreporting, financing, and state-specific implementation of Adult Protective Services limit efficacy. Studies also show that safe houses, caregiver assistance, and multidisciplinary teams are helpful but inconsistently available (Prince et al., 2025). Although progress has been made, policy outcomes show that elder abuse is still common and requires greater institutional responses.

    **References**

    Alias, A. N., Mokti, K., Ibrahim, M. Y., Saupin, S., & Madrim, M. F. (2023). Elderly abuse and neglect on population health: Literature review and interventions from selected countries.
    _Korean Journal of Family Medicine_,
    _44_(6), 311–318. https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.23.0046

    American Psychological Association. (2022, November 10).
    _Elder abuse: How to spot warning signs, get help, and report mistreatment_. Apa.org; American Psychological Association. https://www.apa.org/topics/aging-older-adults/elder-abuse

    Blance-Palmer, R., Klaic, M., Rushford, H., Celeste, T., & Joubert, L. (2025). Elder abuse: a scoping review of the hospital social work role.
    _Journal of Elder Abuse & Neglect_, 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/08946566.2025.2554115

    Giraldo-Rodríguez, L., Agudelo-Botero, M., & Rojas-Russell, M. E. (2024). Elder abuse and depressive symptoms: The mediating role of loneliness in older adults.
    _Archives of Medical Research_,
    _55_(6), 103045–103045. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103045

    Kitaw, T. A., Baylie, A., Tekle, B. A., Tilahun, B. D., Getie, A., Abate, B. B., Feleke, S. F., Zemariam, A. B., Azmeraw, M., Yilak, G., Seid, S., & Haile, R. N. (2025). Elder abuse without borders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
    _BMC Public Health_,
    _25_(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-23548-9

    Nemati-Vakilabad, R., Khalili, Z., Ghanbari-Afra, L., & Mirzaei, A. (2023). The prevalence of elder abuse and risk factors: A cross-sectional study of community older adults.
    _BMC Geriatrics_,
    _23_(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-023-04307-0

    Primc, T., Mihelič, K., & Lobnikar, B. (2025). Analysis of the need for safe houses for victims of elder abuse from the perspective of police officers and social workers.
    _Social Sciences_,
    _14_(4), 192. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14040192

    Sun, X., & Yan, Z. (2025). Social networks reshape the impact of elder abuse on social well-being: a national longitudinal analysis of urban-rural disparities in China.
    _Journal of Elder Abuse & Neglect_, 1–32. https://doi.org/10.1080/08946566.2025.2523591

    **## AnnotatedBibliographySW6302.docx**

    **Annotated Bibliography: The Elder Justice Act (EJA)**

    Ja’Mya Wilburn

    Department of Social Work, University of Kentucky

    SW 630, Intro Soc Welfare, Policy & Services

    Dr. Roberts

    October 5, 2025

    **Annotated Bibliography: The Elder Justice Act (EJA)**

    **Alias, A. N., Mokti, K., Ibrahim, M. Y., Saupin, S., & Madrim, M. F. (2023). Elderly Abuse and Neglect on Population Health: Literature Review and Interventions from Selected Countries.**
    **_Korean Journal of Family Medicine_,**
    **_44_(6), 311–318.** [**https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.23.0046**](https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.23.0046)

    This article provides a mixture of elder abuse and neglect, examining global prevalence, risk factors, and intervention strategies in countries such as Malaysia, the United States, and Australia. It will help answer questions about the societal and policy-level responses to elder abuse and the effectiveness of current interventions. This article will also give me some insight and allow me to compare the Elder Justice Act passed in the USA in 2010 to other various countries and the steps they take to protect their older adults. A useful quote is, “Communities are regularly trained on how to report abuse or suspected incidents to local adult protective services (APS), long-term care ombudsmen, or the police. National Centers on Elder Abuse have been established in every state to enhance the national response to elder abuse, neglect, and exploitation by assembling, housing, disseminating and to encourage cutting-edge validated methods of research, practice policy, and education.” (Alias et al., 2023, p. 317). The article’s comparative approach offers insights into effective international interventions and theoretical frameworks for understanding elder abuse and mistreatment

    **Nemati-Vakilabad, R., Khalili, Z., Ghanbari-Afra, L., & Mirzaei, A. (2023). The prevalence of elder abuse and risk factors: A cross-sectional study of community older adults.**
    **_BMC Geriatrics_,**
    **_23_(1).** [**https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-023-04307-0**](https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-023-04307-0)

    This research from this particular article was done to discover forms of elderly abuse and analyze the risk involved with 500 older people in Ardabil (northwestern Iran). It will be used to answer questions regarding the rate of elder abuse, cultural factors, and the connection between family structure, chronic illness, and susceptibility to abuse. “Certain factors were linked to a higher severity of elder abuse, such as having a specific number of children (1–4 or 5), suffering from a chronic disease, and residing in an apartment. However, emotional neglect had the highest prevalence , while physical abuse had the lowest prevalence at (Nemati-Vakilabad et al., 2023, p. 3). The article critically examines the intersection of family structure, health conditions and social isolation to increase the risk of abuse. Its thorough statistical analysis and cross-cultural background make it especially helpful in exploring the ways in which social work interventions can be adjusted to prevent elderly abuse in a variety of settings and how some of these same protocols could be adopted in the U.S..

    **Kitaw, T. A., Baylie, A., Tekle, B. A., Tilahun, B. D., Getie, A., Abate, B. B., Feleke, S. F., Zemariam, A. B., Azmeraw, M., Yilak, G., Seid, S., & Haile, R. N. (2025). Elder abuse without borders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.**
    **_BMC Public Health_,**
    **_25_(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-23548-9**

    This article provides a global analysis of elder abuse, identifying its prevalence, forms, and regional variations across 35 countries. It will help answer questions about how socioeconomic, cultural, and institutional factors influence elder mistreatment and guide effective prevention strategies. A useful quote is, “The global prevalence of 27.6% underscores elder abuse as a critical public health issue, but this figure likely underestimates the true extent due to underreporting, stigma, and dependency on abusers (Kitaw et al., 2025, p. 7). The results of the study indicate that improved reporting mechanisms, employee training and policy changes are required to safeguard the elderly.

    **American Psychological Association. (2022, November 10).**
    **_Elder abuse: How to spot warning signs, get help, and report mistreatment_. Apa.org; American Psychological Association.** [**https://www.apa.org/topics/aging-older-adults/elder-abuse**](https://www.apa.org/topics/aging-older-adults/elder-abuse)

    This article discusses different forms of elder abuse. It will help answer questions about risk factors, signs of mistreatment, and effective strategies for prevention and intervention. “Approximately one in ten people aged 60 and older who live at home experience abuse, including mistreatment and exploitation” (American Psychological Association, 2022, p. 1). The article highlights how caregiver stress, social isolation, and cultural attitudes can perpetuate abuse while offering practical guidance for recognizing and reporting it. Its comprehensive overview and clear prevention strategies make it a valuable source for examining the social work role in identifying, reporting, and addressing elder abuse through education, community outreach, and caregiver support initiatives.

    **Sun, X., & Yan, Z. (2025). Social networks reshape the impact of elder abuse on social well-being: a national longitudinal analysis of urban-rural disparities in China.**
    **_Journal of Elder Abuse & Neglect_, 1–32.** [**https://doi.org/10.1080/08946566.2025.2523591**](https://doi.org/10.1080/08946566.2025.2523591)

    This article explores how elder abuse affects social well-being across urban and rural areas around the world , emphasizing the mediating role of social networks. It will help answer questions about how social context and access to support influence recovery and resilience after mistreatment. I could continue to explore the differences in the U.S regarding elder abuse and reiterate how the U.S has taken certain protocols for those who have been affected by elder abuse.”Decrease in the friend contact network and the relative emotional network were related to diminished social well-being among rural elder abuse victims” (Sun & Yan, 2025, p. 334). The authors used longitudinal data from over 7,000 older adults to compare the effects of neglect, financial, and psychological abuse. Their findings challenge conventional assumptions by showing that, under certain conditions, expanded social and community support can mitigate negative outcomes. This comprehensive study provides valuable insight into how cultural values, urbanization, and access to home- and community-based services affect the lived experiences of elder abuse survivors.

    **Blance-Palmer, R., Klaic, M., Rushford, H., Celeste, T., & Joubert, L. (2025). Elder abuse: a scoping review of the hospital social work role.**
    **_Journal of Elder Abuse & Neglect_, 1–23.** [**https://doi.org/10.1080/08946566.2025.2554115**](https://doi.org/10.1080/08946566.2025.2554115)

    This article explores the vital role of hospital social workers in identifying and responding to elder abuse, emphasizing their contributions within multidisciplinary healthcare teams. It will help answer how social workers assess needs, conduct screenings, and coordinate support for at risk older adults. “Psychosocial assessments are important, and service linkages are a key role of the social worker” (Blance-Palmer et al., 2025, p. 13). The study notes challenges such as limited research on hospital interventions and differences across healthcare systems. Its findings show how training and policy changes can improve hospital responses to elder abuse through stronger detection, documentation, and teamwork.

    **Giraldo-Rodríguez, L., Agudelo-Botero, M., & Rojas-Russell, M. E. (2024). Elder Abuse and Depressive Symptoms: The Mediating Role of Loneliness in Older Adults.**
    **_Archives of Medical Research_,**
    **_55_(6), 103045–103045.** [**https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103045**](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103045)

    In this study, the focus is on the mediating role played by loneliness in measuring the association between elderly abuse (EA) and levels of depressive symptoms. This will allow me to respond to questions regarding the psychological effect of EA, the influence of social isolation, and which types of abuse lead to depression the most. A useful quote is, “Older people who experience EA are more likely to experience feelings of loneliness and vulnerability as a result of their health condition and their social and family environment” (Giraldo-Rodríguez et al., 2024, p. 7). The article is rich with information on the prevalence of various forms of abuse, the association with loneliness and depression, and the relevance of specific social work interventions. It draws attention to the interplay of social, physical and psychological factors to influence older adults.

    **Primc, T., Mihelič, K., & Lobnikar, B. (2025). Analysis of the Need for Safe Houses for Victims of Elder Abuse from the Perspective of Police Officers and Social Workers.**
    **_Social Sciences_,**
    **_14_(4), 192.** [**https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14040192**](https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14040192)

    This study explores professionals’ perceptions of elder abuse, response measures, and challenges in addressing abuse in Slovenia. It will assist provide responses on professional awareness, intervention strategies, systemic gaps in responding to elder abuse. “Social workers consistently rated all assistance forms as more necessary than police officers, highlighting the importance of specialized services” (Primc et al., 2025, p. 14). The research indicates variations in professional attitudes, the extent of the type of abuse, and effective collaboration practices. The results of its activities assist in discovering problems in rural communities, enhancing training initiatives, and informing policies on how to safeguard old age and secure safe living conditions.

    **Overview of paper**

    My paper will address elder abuse, including physical, mental, and financial mistreatment of older individuals, and policy remedies such as the Elder Justice Act of 2010. The focus will be on how federal and state interventions, reporting systems, and community activities safeguard vulnerable older persons while considering implementation and enforcement challenges.

    **History of the Problem**

    I will emphasize the identification of elder abuse as a social and health issue. When state-level Adult Protective Services programs were developed in the 1970s, elder abuse became a public health and social issue. The 2010 Elder Justice Act, the first federal law against elder mistreatment, was crucial. I will also discuss the National Center on Elder Abuse and its role in influencing state awareness, training, and reporting processes to contextualize the expanding federal role in safeguarding older individuals.

    **Clarification of the Problem**

    The policy addresses elder abuse, which affects one in ten 60-year-olds (APA, 2022). In familial and caregiver situations, when older individuals are most reliant, neglect, psychological abuse, and financial exploitation occur. Nemati-Vakilabad et al. (2023) identified chronic disease, social isolation, and caregiver stress as risk factors for the condition. Policymakers prioritize systemic protection and coordinated responses by defining elder abuse as a social and health problem.

    **Conflicting Social Values in Legislation**

    Social principles in elder abuse policy reconcile older persons' autonomy and society's duty to protect the vulnerable. For instance, mandatory reporting regulations can raise concerns about privacy and autonomy, despite many policies promoting personal dignity and independence (Blance-Palmer et al., 2025). Additionally, policies emphasize safety, fairness, and equality; however, political and cultural beliefs influence how nations fund, prioritize, and enforce these initiatives.

    **Policy Effectiveness**

    Research reveals that elder abuse policies, particularly the Elder Justice Act, have boosted awareness, reporting, and professional training (Alias et al., 2023). However, underreporting, financing, and state-specific implementation of Adult Protective Services limit efficacy. Studies also show that safe houses, caregiver assistance, and multidisciplinary teams are helpful but inconsistently available (Prince et al., 2025). Although progress has been made, policy outcomes show that elder abuse is still common and requires greater institutional responses.

    **References**

    Alias, A. N., Mokti, K., Ibrahim, M. Y., Saupin, S., & Madrim, M. F. (2023). Elderly abuse and neglect on population health: Literature review and interventions from selected countries.
    _Korean Journal of Family Medicine_,
    _44_(6), 311–318. https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.23.0046

    American Psychological Association. (2022, November 10).
    _Elder abuse: How to spot warning signs, get help, and report mistreatment_. Apa.org; American Psychological Association. https://www.apa.org/topics/aging-older-adults/elder-abuse

    Blance-Palmer, R., Klaic, M., Rushford, H., Celeste, T., & Joubert, L. (2025). Elder abuse: a scoping review of the hospital social work role.
    _Journal of Elder Abuse & Neglect_, 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/08946566.2025.2554115

    Giraldo-Rodríguez, L., Agudelo-Botero, M., & Rojas-Russell, M. E. (2024). Elder abuse and depressive symptoms: The mediating role of loneliness in older adults.
    _Archives of Medical Research_,
    _55_(6), 103045–103045. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103045

    Kitaw, T. A., Baylie, A., Tekle, B. A., Tilahun, B. D., Getie, A., Abate, B. B., Feleke, S. F., Zemariam, A. B., Azmeraw, M., Yilak, G., Seid, S., & Haile, R. N. (2025). Elder abuse without borders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
    _BMC Public Health_,
    _25_(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-23548-9

    Nemati-Vakilabad, R., Khalili, Z., Ghanbari-Afra, L., & Mirzaei, A. (2023). The prevalence of elder abuse and risk factors: A cross-sectional study of community older adults.
    _BMC Geriatrics_,
    _23_(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-023-04307-0

    Primc, T., Mihelič, K., & Lobnikar, B. (2025). Analysis of the need for safe houses for victims of elder abuse from the perspective of police officers and social workers.
    _Social Sciences_,
    _14_(4), 192. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14040192

    Sun, X., & Yan, Z. (2025). Social networks reshape the impact of elder abuse on social well-being: a national longitudinal analysis of urban-rural disparities in China.
    _Journal of Elder Abuse & Neglect_, 1–32. https://doi.org/10.1080/08946566.2025.2523591

    **## PolicyAnalysisTopic.docx**

    **Policy Analysis Topic**

    Ja’Mya Wilburn

    Department of Social Work, University of Kentucky

    SW 630, Intro Soc Welfare, Policy & Services

    Dr. Roberts

    September 21, 2025

    1) I am interested in the topic of elder abuse and neglect

    2) Elder abuse and neglect is a serious topic which is oftentimes a hidden social issue that may include but not limited to physical abuse, financial exploitation, neglect, and abandonment of older adults. This can occur in homes, nursing facilities, and various community settings. This topic directly connects to social work practices due to social workers being on the front line of identifying or reporting elder abuse and promoting their safety and autonomy. This issue intersects with ageism, mental health, caregiver stress, and underfunding that goes towards services targeting the aging population.

    3) a) Approximately 1 in 10 adults over the age of 60 in the U.S. have experienced some form of elder abuse, but only 1 in 24 cases are reported to authorities ( National Council on Aging, 2021).

    b) In 2020, Adult Protective Services ( APS) agencies received over 1.3 million reports of elder abuse, neglect, or exploitation in the U.S. ( Administration for Community Living 2022).

    c) The global population aged 60 and older are expected to double by the year of 2050, placing growing pressure on elder care systems and abuse prevention efforts (World Health Organization, 2021).

    4) The policy I will focus on is the Elder Justice Act (EJA), which was originally passed as a part of the Affordable Care Act in 2010 and is the first comprehensive federal legislation to address elder abuse, neglect, and exploitation.

    Sources:

    Administration for Community Living. (2022).
    _Elder abuse prevention_. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. https://acl.gov/programs/elder-justice/elder-abuse-prevention

    National Council on Aging. (2021).
    _Get the facts on elder abuse_. https://www.ncoa.org/article/get-the-facts-on-elder-abuse

    World Health Organization. (2021).
    _Elder abuse_.
    [https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/elder-abuse](https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/elder-abuse)

    **## _PolicyAnalysisinstructions.docx**

    **For this assignment, you are conducting a succinct Policy Analysis.**

    ·
    **_Remember, social policy is a response to a social problem (or a perceived social problem –_** not everyone will agree that something is a “problem). As such, to develop an understanding of social welfare policy, you must first develop an understanding of the problem(s) the policy is trying to address. This paper allows you to explore the problem and the policy response.

    ·
    **_An example to help with this clarification:_** in 2022 and 2023 we saw a huge uptick in anti-LGBTQ+ legislation across the United States. This included local and state level policies that ban drag shows, books, gender affirming treatment for trans youth, and more. As such, a “problem” has been defined by those who have pushed for these bills. So, if you were exploring Tennesses’s most recent anti-trans policy, you would have to look at/understand the “problem” that the legislation is trying to address as well as looking at/understanding how people are harmed/marginalized by the way that the “problem” has been defined.

    ·
    **_In your policy analysis assignment you will need to critically explore how problems are discussed/defined._**

    · Ensure that you are connecting the social problem you discuss to
    policy – we are defining policy as a specific piece of legislation at the federal, state, or local level. This paper requires you to assess an actual policy. so you're looking for the legislation that has been enacted as a response to the social problem. Programs are created by legislation but you're not doing an evaluation of the program, rather you're looking at the legislation itself.

    · It is also important to remember that you must look at policy that has been enacted for this assignment. You will not be able to complete this assignment with something that was introduced but not enacted. In some cases, you may be looking at one part of a larger policy – e.g. one component of the Affordable Care Act, the Personal Responsibility And Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act, etc. Work with your instructor to ensure you’ve selected an appropriate and “doable” topic for this paper.

    YOUR 5-7 PAGE PAPER WILL INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING:

    ·
    **_Title Page:_** Follow the guidelines for student papers

    ·
    **_Introduction_** _:_ Summarize the overall focus of your paper and provide your reader with a
    **roadmap/outline** of your discussion.  In your introduction you should clearly identify both the problem and the policy response.

    ·
    **_Body_**

    · The content (i.e., body of the paper) should address the following areas.

    1.
    **History and Context of the Social Problem**

    · What is the problem/how is it defined/who defines it as such?  Is there disagreement about whether or not there is a problem?  How is it defined?  Explain.

    · Provide facts and data that describe the problem.

    · What, if any, conflicting social values and beliefs are at play in how the problem is viewed/understood? Are some values minimized while others figure prominently in the way the problem is described to the public/to policy makers?

    · Who is affected by the problem?  Are any groups disproportionately affected?  Explore/Explain.

    2.
    **Power Imbalance and Struggle**

    · Who loses from this social problem?

    · Who gains from this social problem?

    · Who opposes/supports this alleviation of the problem?

    · As related to the problem, what is the balance of power?

    3.
    **Public Reaction**

    ·  Explore how voters react to this problem – are there differences based on age, income, gender, religious preference, political affiliation, etc.

    · Explore how the media covers and portrays the issue?

    4.
    **Public Policy**

    · What is the public policy that responds to this social issue?

    I. Describe the policy – when implemented, by whom, at what level, etc.

    II. Has the policy changed since it was implemented?  How?  Legislative?  Judicial?  Administrative?

    · What are the objectives of the policy and how are those reflective of values/beliefs?

    · Are there hidden agendas?

    · Who is in support of/opposition to the policy?  (What groups have spoken out to support and/or protest the policy?)

    5.
    **Policy Implementation and Impact**

    · What programs have been implemented as a result of the policy? Who has oversight over these programs? If there are multiple programs, choose one to discuss.

    · How does this program address the identified problem?

    · Who is served by the program? Is any group disproportionally involved in the program?

    · Are the programs effective? How is this effectiveness measured? What is the cost/benefit of the program?

    · Discuss the impact of the policy and program – both intended and unintended.

    6.
    **Future of Program and Policy**

    · Is there current legislative, judicial, and/or administrative action related to the program?

    · Is the problem a "hot topic" in politics today?

    · What changes are on the horizon for this policy? Why?

    · From a social work point of view, summarize what needs to be done to better support marginalized and oppressed groups as related to the future of this policy area.

    · The body of your paper should include headers to aid in the organization and flow of your paper.

    ·
    **_Conclusion_**

    · Summarize the main points of your discussion

    · This assignment is expected to have a minimum of 11 references, a minimum of 5 are recent academic sources.

    · The assignment should be completed in a minimum of 5 and a maximum of 7 pages. Please remember that one of the goals of this assignment is to build on your ability to use clear, concise language. In our profession it is critical that we are able to discuss complex ideas and topics in short and clear written documents. Papers that go over the page length will not be accepted.

    · Do not use quotes excessively; when appropriate you may want to use a short direct quote but you should focus on your own ability to succinctly convey what you’ve learned.

    **Areas for Improvement**

    ·
    **APA formatting. Check italics, spacing, and capitalization of journal titles and ensure consistent hanging indents throughout.**

    ·
    **Conceptual section expansion. Briefly add more on implementation barriers (funding, reporting inconsistency) and measurable policy outcomes to strengthen the analysis.**

    **## AnnotatedBibliographySW6302.docx**

    **Annotated Bibliography: The Elder Justice Act (EJA)**

    Ja’Mya Wilburn

    Department of Social Work, University of Kentucky

    SW 630, Intro Soc Welfare, Policy & Services

    Dr. Roberts

    October 5, 2025

    **Annotated Bibliography: The Elder Justice Act (EJA)**

    **Alias, A. N., Mokti, K., Ibrahim, M. Y., Saupin, S., & Madrim, M. F. (2023). Elderly Abuse and Neglect on Population Health: Literature Review and Interventions from Selected Countries.**
    **_Korean Journal of Family Medicine_,**
    **_44_(6), 311–318.** [**https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.23.0046**](https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.23.0046)

    This article provides a mixture of elder abuse and neglect, examining global prevalence, risk factors, and intervention strategies in countries such as Malaysia, the United States, and Australia. It will help answer questions about the societal and policy-level responses to elder abuse and the effectiveness of current interventions. This article will also give me some insight and allow me to compare the Elder Justice Act passed in the USA in 2010 to other various countries and the steps they take to protect their older adults. A useful quote is, “Communities are regularly trained on how to report abuse or suspected incidents to local adult protective services (APS), long-term care ombudsmen, or the police. National Centers on Elder Abuse have been established in every state to enhance the national response to elder abuse, neglect, and exploitation by assembling, housing, disseminating and to encourage cutting-edge validated methods of research, practice policy, and education.” (Alias et al., 2023, p. 317). The article’s comparative approach offers insights into effective international interventions and theoretical frameworks for understanding elder abuse and mistreatment

    **Nemati-Vakilabad, R., Khalili, Z., Ghanbari-Afra, L., & Mirzaei, A. (2023). The prevalence of elder abuse and risk factors: A cross-sectional study of community older adults.**
    **_BMC Geriatrics_,**
    **_23_(1).** [**https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-023-04307-0**](https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-023-04307-0)

    This research from this particular article was done to discover forms of elderly abuse and analyze the risk involved with 500 older people in Ardabil (northwestern Iran). It will be used to answer questions regarding the rate of elder abuse, cultural factors, and the connection between family structure, chronic illness, and susceptibility to abuse. “Certain factors were linked to a higher severity of elder abuse, such as having a specific number of children (1–4 or 5), suffering from a chronic disease, and residing in an apartment. However, emotional neglect had the highest prevalence , while physical abuse had the lowest prevalence at (Nemati-Vakilabad et al., 2023, p. 3). The article critically examines the intersection of family structure, health conditions and social isolation to increase the risk of abuse. Its thorough statistical analysis and cross-cultural background make it especially helpful in exploring the ways in which social work interventions can be adjusted to prevent elderly abuse in a variety of settings and how some of these same protocols could be adopted in the U.S..

    **Kitaw, T. A., Baylie, A., Tekle, B. A., Tilahun, B. D., Getie, A., Abate, B. B., Feleke, S. F., Zemariam, A. B., Azmeraw, M., Yilak, G., Seid, S., & Haile, R. N. (2025). Elder abuse without borders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.**
    **_BMC Public Health_,**
    **_25_(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-23548-9**

    This article provides a global analysis of elder abuse, identifying its prevalence, forms, and regional variations across 35 countries. It will help answer questions about how socioeconomic, cultural, and institutional factors influence elder mistreatment and guide effective prevention strategies. A useful quote is, “The global prevalence of 27.6% underscores elder abuse as a critical public health issue, but this figure likely underestimates the true extent due to underreporting, stigma, and dependency on abusers (Kitaw et al., 2025, p. 7). The results of the study indicate that improved reporting mechanisms, employee training and policy changes are required to safeguard the elderly.

    **American Psychological Association. (2022, November 10).**
    **_Elder abuse: How to spot warning signs, get help, and report mistreatment_. Apa.org; American Psychological Association.** [**https://www.apa.org/topics/aging-older-adults/elder-abuse**](https://www.apa.org/topics/aging-older-adults/elder-abuse)

    This article discusses different forms of elder abuse. It will help answer questions about risk factors, signs of mistreatment, and effective strategies for prevention and intervention. “Approximately one in ten people aged 60 and older who live at home experience abuse, including mistreatment and exploitation” (American Psychological Association, 2022, p. 1). The article highlights how caregiver stress, social isolation, and cultural attitudes can perpetuate abuse while offering practical guidance for recognizing and reporting it. Its comprehensive overview and clear prevention strategies make it a valuable source for examining the social work role in identifying, reporting, and addressing elder abuse through education, community outreach, and caregiver support initiatives.

    **Sun, X., & Yan, Z. (2025). Social networks reshape the impact of elder abuse on social well-being: a national longitudinal analysis of urban-rural disparities in China.**
    **_Journal of Elder Abuse & Neglect_, 1–32.** [**https://doi.org/10.1080/08946566.2025.2523591**](https://doi.org/10.1080/08946566.2025.2523591)

    This article explores how elder abuse affects social well-being across urban and rural areas around the world , emphasizing the mediating role of social networks. It will help answer questions about how social context and access to support influence recovery and resilience after mistreatment. I could continue to explore the differences in the U.S regarding elder abuse and reiterate how the U.S has taken certain protocols for those who have been affected by elder abuse.”Decrease in the friend contact network and the relative emotional network were related to diminished social well-being among rural elder abuse victims” (Sun & Yan, 2025, p. 334). The authors used longitudinal data from over 7,000 older adults to compare the effects of neglect, financial, and psychological abuse. Their findings challenge conventional assumptions by showing that, under certain conditions, expanded social and community support can mitigate negative outcomes. This comprehensive study provides valuable insight into how cultural values, urbanization, and access to home- and community-based services affect the lived experiences of elder abuse survivors.

    **Blance-Palmer, R., Klaic, M., Rushford, H., Celeste, T., & Joubert, L. (2025). Elder abuse: a scoping review of the hospital social work role.**
    **_Journal of Elder Abuse & Neglect_, 1–23.** [**https://doi.org/10.1080/08946566.2025.2554115**](https://doi.org/10.1080/08946566.2025.2554115)

    This article explores the vital role of hospital social workers in identifying and responding to elder abuse, emphasizing their contributions within multidisciplinary healthcare teams. It will help answer how social workers assess needs, conduct screenings, and coordinate support for at risk older adults. “Psychosocial assessments are important, and service linkages are a key role of the social worker” (Blance-Palmer et al., 2025, p. 13). The study notes challenges such as limited research on hospital interventions and differences across healthcare systems. Its findings show how training and policy changes can improve hospital responses to elder abuse through stronger detection, documentation, and teamwork.

    **Giraldo-Rodríguez, L., Agudelo-Botero, M., & Rojas-Russell, M. E. (2024). Elder Abuse and Depressive Symptoms: The Mediating Role of Loneliness in Older Adults.**
    **_Archives of Medical Research_,**
    **_55_(6), 103045–103045.** [**https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103045**](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103045)

    In this study, the focus is on the mediating role played by loneliness in measuring the association between elderly abuse (EA) and levels of depressive symptoms. This will allow me to respond to questions regarding the psychological effect of EA, the influence of social isolation, and which types of abuse lead to depression the most. A useful quote is, “Older people who experience EA are more likely to experience feelings of loneliness and vulnerability as a result of their health condition and their social and family environment” (Giraldo-Rodríguez et al., 2024, p. 7). The article is rich with information on the prevalence of various forms of abuse, the association with loneliness and depression, and the relevance of specific social work interventions. It draws attention to the interplay of social, physical and psychological factors to influence older adults.

    **Primc, T., Mihelič, K., & Lobnikar, B. (2025). Analysis of the Need for Safe Houses for Victims of Elder Abuse from the Perspective of Police Officers and Social Workers.**
    **_Social Sciences_,**
    **_14_(4), 192.** [**https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14040192**](https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14040192)

    This study explores professionals’ perceptions of elder abuse, response measures, and challenges in addressing abuse in Slovenia. It will assist provide responses on professional awareness, intervention strategies, systemic gaps in responding to elder abuse. “Social workers consistently rated all assistance forms as more necessary than police officers, highlighting the importance of specialized services” (Primc et al., 2025, p. 14). The research indicates variations in professional attitudes, the extent of the type of abuse, and effective collaboration practices. The results of its activities assist in discovering problems in rural communities, enhancing training initiatives, and informing policies on how to safeguard old age and secure safe living conditions.

    **Overview of paper**

    My paper will address elder abuse, including physical, mental, and financial mistreatment of older individuals, and policy remedies such as the Elder Justice Act of 2010. The focus will be on how federal and state interventions, reporting systems, and community activities safeguard vulnerable older persons while considering implementation and enforcement challenges.

    **History of the Problem**

    I will emphasize the identification of elder abuse as a social and health issue. When state-level Adult Protective Services programs were developed in the 1970s, elder abuse became a public health and social issue. The 2010 Elder Justice Act, the first federal law against elder mistreatment, was crucial. I will also discuss the National Center on Elder Abuse and its role in influencing state awareness, training, and reporting processes to contextualize the expanding federal role in safeguarding older individuals.

    **Clarification of the Problem**

    The policy addresses elder abuse, which affects one in ten 60-year-olds (APA, 2022). In familial and caregiver situations, when older individuals are most reliant, neglect, psychological abuse, and financial exploitation occur. Nemati-Vakilabad et al. (2023) identified chronic disease, social isolation, and caregiver stress as risk factors for the condition. Policymakers prioritize systemic protection and coordinated responses by defining elder abuse as a social and health problem.

    **Conflicting Social Values in Legislation**

    Social principles in elder abuse policy reconcile older persons' autonomy and society's duty to protect the vulnerable. For instance, mandatory reporting regulations can raise concerns about privacy and autonomy, despite many policies promoting personal dignity and independence (Blance-Palmer et al., 2025). Additionally, policies emphasize safety, fairness, and equality; however, political and cultural beliefs influence how nations fund, prioritize, and enforce these initiatives.

    **Policy Effectiveness**

    Research reveals that elder abuse policies, particularly the Elder Justice Act, have boosted awareness, reporting, and professional training (Alias et al., 2023). However, underreporting, financing, and state-specific implementation of Adult Protective Services limit efficacy. Studies also show that safe houses, caregiver assistance, and multidisciplinary teams are helpful but inconsistently available (Prince et al., 2025). Although progress has been made, policy outcomes show that elder abuse is still common and requires greater institutional responses.

    **References**

    Alias, A. N., Mokti, K., Ibrahim, M. Y., Saupin, S., & Madrim, M. F. (2023). Elderly abuse and neglect on population health: Literature review and interventions from selected countries.
    _Korean Journal of Family Medicine_,
    _44_(6), 311–318. https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.23.0046

    American Psychological Association. (2022, November 10).
    _Elder abuse: How to spot warning signs, get help, and report mistreatment_. Apa.org; American Psychological Association. https://www.apa.org/topics/aging-older-adults/elder-abuse

    Blance-Palmer, R., Klaic, M., Rushford, H., Celeste, T., & Joubert, L. (2025). Elder abuse: a scoping review of the hospital social work role.
    _Journal of Elder Abuse & Neglect_, 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/08946566.2025.2554115

    Giraldo-Rodríguez, L., Agudelo-Botero, M., & Rojas-Russell, M. E. (2024). Elder abuse and depressive symptoms: The mediating role of loneliness in older adults.
    _Archives of Medical Research_,
    _55_(6), 103045–103045. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103045

    Kitaw, T. A., Baylie, A., Tekle, B. A., Tilahun, B. D., Getie, A., Abate, B. B., Feleke, S. F., Zemariam, A. B., Azmeraw, M., Yilak, G., Seid, S., & Haile, R. N. (2025). Elder abuse without borders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
    _BMC Public Health_,
    _25_(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-23548-9

    Nemati-Vakilabad, R., Khalili, Z., Ghanbari-Afra, L., & Mirzaei, A. (2023). The prevalence of elder abuse and risk factors: A cross-sectional study of community older adults.
    _BMC Geriatrics_,
    _23_(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-023-04307-0

    Primc, T., Mihelič, K., & Lobnikar, B. (2025). Analysis of the need for safe houses for victims of elder abuse from the perspective of police officers and social workers.
    _Social Sciences_,
    _14_(4), 192. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14040192

    Sun, X., & Yan, Z. (2025). Social networks reshape the impact of elder abuse on social well-being: a national longitudinal analysis of urban-rural disparities in China.
    _Journal of Elder Abuse & Neglect_, 1–32. https://doi.org/10.1080/08946566.2025.2523591

    **## PolicyAnalysisTopic.docx**

    **Policy Analysis Topic**

    Ja’Mya Wilburn

    Department of Social Work, University of Kentucky

    SW 630, Intro Soc Welfare, Policy & Services

    Dr. Roberts

    September 21, 2025

    1) I am interested in the topic of elder abuse and neglect

    2) Elder abuse and neglect is a serious topic which is oftentimes a hidden social issue that may include but not limited to physical abuse, financial exploitation, neglect, and abandonment of older adults. This can occur in homes, nursing facilities, and various community settings. This topic directly connects to social work practices due to social workers being on the front line of identifying or reporting elder abuse and promoting their safety and autonomy. This issue intersects with ageism, mental health, caregiver stress, and underfunding that goes towards services targeting the aging population.

    3) a) Approximately 1 in 10 adults over the age of 60 in the U.S. have experienced some form of elder abuse, but only 1 in 24 cases are reported to authorities ( National Council on Aging, 2021).

    b) In 2020, Adult Protective Services ( APS) agencies received over 1.3 million reports of elder abuse, neglect, or exploitation in the U.S. ( Administration for Community Living 2022).

    c) The global population aged 60 and older are expected to double by the year of 2050, placing growing pressure on elder care systems and abuse prevention efforts (World Health Organization, 2021).

    4) The policy I will focus on is the Elder Justice Act (EJA), which was originally passed as a part of the Affordable Care Act in 2010 and is the first comprehensive federal legislation to address elder abuse, neglect, and exploitation.

    Sources:

    Administration for Community Living. (2022).
    _Elder abuse prevention_. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. https://acl.gov/programs/elder-justice/elder-abuse-prevention

    National Council on Aging. (2021).
    _Get the facts on elder abuse_. https://www.ncoa.org/article/get-the-facts-on-elder-abuse

    World Health Organization. (2021).
    _Elder abuse_.
    [https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/elder-abuse](https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/elder-abuse)

    **## _PolicyAnalysisinstructions.docx**

    **For this assignment, you are conducting a succinct Policy Analysis.**

    ·
    **_Remember, social policy is a response to a social problem (or a perceived social problem –_** not everyone will agree that something is a “problem). As such, to develop an understanding of social welfare policy, you must first develop an understanding of the problem(s) the policy is trying to address. This paper allows you to explore the problem and the policy response.

    ·
    **_An example to help with this clarification:_** in 2022 and 2023 we saw a huge uptick in anti-LGBTQ+ legislation across the United States. This included local and state level policies that ban drag shows, books, gender affirming treatment for trans youth, and more. As such, a “problem” has been defined by those who have pushed for these bills. So, if you were exploring Tennesses’s most recent anti-trans policy, you would have to look at/understand the “problem” that the legislation is trying to address as well as looking at/understanding how people are harmed/marginalized by the way that the “problem” has been defined.

    ·
    **_In your policy analysis assignment you will need to critically explore how problems are discussed/defined._**

    · Ensure that you are connecting the social problem you discuss to
    policy – we are defining policy as a specific piece of legislation at the federal, state, or local level. This paper requires you to assess an actual policy. so you're looking for the legislation that has been enacted as a response to the social problem. Programs are created by legislation but you're not doing an evaluation of the program, rather you're looking at the legislation itself.

    · It is also important to remember that you must look at policy that has been enacted for this assignment. You will not be able to complete this assignment with something that was introduced but not enacted. In some cases, you may be looking at one part of a larger policy – e.g. one component of the Affordable Care Act, the Personal Responsibility And Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act, etc. Work with your instructor to ensure you’ve selected an appropriate and “doable” topic for this paper.

    YOUR 5-7 PAGE PAPER WILL INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING:

    ·
    **_Title Page:_** Follow the guidelines for student papers

    ·
    **_Introduction_** _:_ Summarize the overall focus of your paper and provide your reader with a
    **roadmap/outline** of your discussion.  In your introduction you should clearly identify both the problem and the policy response.

    ·
    **_Body_**

    · The content (i.e., body of the paper) should address the following areas.

    1.
    **History and Context of the Social Problem**

    · What is the problem/how is it defined/who defines it as such?  Is there disagreement about whether or not there is a problem?  How is it defined?  Explain.

    · Provide facts and data that describe the problem.

    · What, if any, conflicting social values and beliefs are at play in how the problem is viewed/understood? Are some values minimized while others figure prominently in the way the problem is described to the public/to policy makers?

    · Who is affected by the problem?  Are any groups disproportionately affected?  Explore/Explain.

    2.
    **Power Imbalance and Struggle**

    · Who loses from this social problem?

    · Who gains from this social problem?

    · Who opposes/supports this alleviation of the problem?

    · As related to the problem, what is the balance of power?

    3.
    **Public Reaction**

    ·  Explore how voters react to this problem – are there differences based on age, income, gender, religious preference, political affiliation, etc.

    · Explore how the media covers and portrays the issue?

    4.
    **Public Policy**

    · What is the public policy that responds to this social issue?

    I. Describe the policy – when implemented, by whom, at what level, etc.

    II. Has the policy changed since it was implemented?  How?  Legislative?  Judicial?  Administrative?

    · What are the objectives of the policy and how are those reflective of values/beliefs?

    · Are there hidden agendas?

    · Who is in support of/opposition to the policy?  (What groups have spoken out to support and/or protest the policy?)

    5.
    **Policy Implementation and Impact**

    · What programs have been implemented as a result of the policy? Who has oversight over these programs? If there are multiple programs, choose one to discuss.

    · How does this program address the identified problem?

    · Who is served by the program? Is any group disproportionally involved in the program?

    · Are the programs effective? How is this effectiveness measured? What is the cost/benefit of the program?

    · Discuss the impact of the policy and program – both intended and unintended.

    6.
    **Future of Program and Policy**

    · Is there current legislative, judicial, and/or administrative action related to the program?

    · Is the problem a "hot topic" in politics today?

    · What changes are on the horizon for this policy? Why?

    · From a social work point of view, summarize what needs to be done to better support marginalized and oppressed groups as related to the future of this policy area.

    · The body of your paper should include headers to aid in the organization and flow of your paper.

    ·
    **_Conclusion_**

    · Summarize the main points of your discussion

    · This assignment is expected to have a minimum of 11 references, a minimum of 5 are recent academic sources.

    · The assignment should be completed in a minimum of 5 and a maximum of 7 pages. Please remember that one of the goals of this assignment is to build on your ability to use clear, concise language. In our profession it is critical that we are able to discuss complex ideas and topics in short and clear written documents. Papers that go over the page length will not be accepted.

    · Do not use quotes excessively; when appropriate you may want to use a short direct quote but you should focus on your own ability to succinctly convey what you’ve learned.

    **Areas for Improvement**

    ·
    **APA formatting. Check italics, spacing, and capitalization of journal titles and ensure consistent hanging indents throughout.**

    ·
    **Conceptual section expansion. Briefly add more on implementation barriers (funding, reporting inconsistency) and measurable policy outcomes to strengthen the analysis.**

    **## AnnotatedBibliographySW6302.docx**

    **Annotated Bibliography: The Elder Justice Act (EJA)**

    Ja’Mya Wilburn

    Department of Social Work, University of Kentucky

    SW 630, Intro Soc Welfare, Policy & Services

    Dr. Roberts

    October 5, 2025

    **Annotated Bibliography: The Elder Justice Act (EJA)**

    **Alias, A. N., Mokti, K., Ibrahim, M. Y., Saupin, S., & Madrim, M. F. (2023). Elderly Abuse and Neglect on Population Health: Literature Review and Interventions from Selected Countries.**
    **_Korean Journal of Family Medicine_,**
    **_44_(6), 311–318.** [**https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.23.0046**](https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.23.0046)

    This article provides a mixture of elder abuse and neglect, examining global prevalence, risk factors, and intervention strategies in countries such as Malaysia, the United States, and Australia. It will help answer questions about the societal and policy-level responses to elder abuse and the effectiveness of current interventions. This article will also give me some insight and allow me to compare the Elder Justice Act passed in the USA in 2010 to other various countries and the steps they take to protect their older adults. A useful quote is, “Communities are regularly trained on how to report abuse or suspected incidents to local adult protective services (APS), long-term care ombudsmen, or the police. National Centers on Elder Abuse have been established in every state to enhance the national response to elder abuse, neglect, and exploitation by assembling, housing, disseminating and to encourage cutting-edge validated methods of research, practice policy, and education.” (Alias et al., 2023, p. 317). The article’s comparative approach offers insights into effective international interventions and theoretical frameworks for understanding elder abuse and mistreatment

    **Nemati-Vakilabad, R., Khalili, Z., Ghanbari-Afra, L., & Mirzaei, A. (2023). The prevalence of elder abuse and risk factors: A cross-sectional study of community older adults.**
    **_BMC Geriatrics_,**
    **_23_(1).** [**https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-023-04307-0**](https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-023-04307-0)

    This research from this particular article was done to discover forms of elderly abuse and analyze the risk involved with 500 older people in Ardabil (northwestern Iran). It will be used to answer questions regarding the rate of elder abuse, cultural factors, and the connection between family structure, chronic illness, and susceptibility to abuse. “Certain factors were linked to a higher severity of elder abuse, such as having a specific number of children (1–4 or 5), suffering from a chronic disease, and residing in an apartment. However, emotional neglect had the highest prevalence , while physical abuse had the lowest prevalence at (Nemati-Vakilabad et al., 2023, p. 3). The article critically examines the intersection of family structure, health conditions and social isolation to increase the risk of abuse. Its thorough statistical analysis and cross-cultural background make it especially helpful in exploring the ways in which social work interventions can be adjusted to prevent elderly abuse in a variety of settings and how some of these same protocols could be adopted in the U.S..

    **Kitaw, T. A., Baylie, A., Tekle, B. A., Tilahun, B. D., Getie, A., Abate, B. B., Feleke, S. F., Zemariam, A. B., Azmeraw, M., Yilak, G., Seid, S., & Haile, R. N. (2025). Elder abuse without borders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.**
    **_BMC Public Health_,**
    **_25_(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-23548-9**

    This article provides a global analysis of elder abuse, identifying its prevalence, forms, and regional variations across 35 countries. It will help answer questions about how socioeconomic, cultural, and institutional factors influence elder mistreatment and guide effective prevention strategies. A useful quote is, “The global prevalence of 27.6% underscores elder abuse as a critical public health issue, but this figure likely underestimates the true extent due to underreporting, stigma, and dependency on abusers (Kitaw et al., 2025, p. 7). The results of the study indicate that improved reporting mechanisms, employee training and policy changes are required to safeguard the elderly.

    **American Psychological Association. (2022, November 10).**
    **_Elder abuse: How to spot warning signs, get help, and report mistreatment_. Apa.org; American Psychological Association.** [**https://www.apa.org/topics/aging-older-adults/elder-abuse**](https://www.apa.org/topics/aging-older-adults/elder-abuse)

    This article discusses different forms of elder abuse. It will help answer questions about risk factors, signs of mistreatment, and effective strategies for prevention and intervention. “Approximately one in ten people aged 60 and older who live at home experience abuse, including mistreatment and exploitation” (American Psychological Association, 2022, p. 1). The article highlights how caregiver stress, social isolation, and cultural attitudes can perpetuate abuse while offering practical guidance for recognizing and reporting it. Its comprehensive overview and clear prevention strategies make it a valuable source for examining the social work role in identifying, reporting, and addressing elder abuse through education, community outreach, and caregiver support initiatives.

    **Sun, X., & Yan, Z. (2025). Social networks reshape the impact of elder abuse on social well-being: a national longitudinal analysis of urban-rural disparities in China.**
    **_Journal of Elder Abuse & Neglect_, 1–32.** [**https://doi.org/10.1080/08946566.2025.2523591**](https://doi.org/10.1080/08946566.2025.2523591)

    This article explores how elder abuse affects social well-being across urban and rural areas around the world , emphasizing the mediating role of social networks. It will help answer questions about how social context and access to support influence recovery and resilience after mistreatment. I could continue to explore the differences in the U.S regarding elder abuse and reiterate how the U.S has taken certain protocols for those who have been affected by elder abuse.”Decrease in the friend contact network and the relative emotional network were related to diminished social well-being among rural elder abuse victims” (Sun & Yan, 2025, p. 334). The authors used longitudinal data from over 7,000 older adults to compare the effects of neglect, financial, and psychological abuse. Their findings challenge conventional assumptions by showing that, under certain conditions, expanded social and community support can mitigate negative outcomes. This comprehensive study provides valuable insight into how cultural values, urbanization, and access to home- and community-based services affect the lived experiences of elder abuse survivors.

    **Blance-Palmer, R., Klaic, M., Rushford, H., Celeste, T., & Joubert, L. (2025). Elder abuse: a scoping review of the hospital social work role.**
    **_Journal of Elder Abuse & Neglect_, 1–23.** [**https://doi.org/10.1080/08946566.2025.2554115**](https://doi.org/10.1080/08946566.2025.2554115)

    This article explores the vital role of hospital social workers in identifying and responding to elder abuse, emphasizing their contributions within multidisciplinary healthcare teams. It will help answer how social workers assess needs, conduct screenings, and coordinate support for at risk older adults. “Psychosocial assessments are important, and service linkages are a key role of the social worker” (Blance-Palmer et al., 2025, p. 13). The study notes challenges such as limited research on hospital interventions and differences across healthcare systems. Its findings show how training and policy changes can improve hospital responses to elder abuse through stronger detection, documentation, and teamwork.

    **Giraldo-Rodríguez, L., Agudelo-Botero, M., & Rojas-Russell, M. E. (2024). Elder Abuse and Depressive Symptoms: The Mediating Role of Loneliness in Older Adults.**
    **_Archives of Medical Research_,**
    **_55_(6), 103045–103045.** [**https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103045**](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103045)

    In this study, the focus is on the mediating role played by loneliness in measuring the association between elderly abuse (EA) and levels of depressive symptoms. This will allow me to respond to questions regarding the psychological effect of EA, the influence of social isolation, and which types of abuse lead to depression the most. A useful quote is, “Older people who experience EA are more likely to experience feelings of loneliness and vulnerability as a result of their health condition and their social and family environment” (Giraldo-Rodríguez et al., 2024, p. 7). The article is rich with information on the prevalence of various forms of abuse, the association with loneliness and depression, and the relevance of specific social work interventions. It draws attention to the interplay of social, physical and psychological factors to influence older adults.

    **Primc, T., Mihelič, K., & Lobnikar, B. (2025). Analysis of the Need for Safe Houses for Victims of Elder Abuse from the Perspective of Police Officers and Social Workers.**
    **_Social Sciences_,**
    **_14_(4), 192.** [**https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14040192**](https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14040192)

    This study explores professionals’ perceptions of elder abuse, response measures, and challenges in addressing abuse in Slovenia. It will assist provide responses on professional awareness, intervention strategies, systemic gaps in responding to elder abuse. “Social workers consistently rated all assistance forms as more necessary than police officers, highlighting the importance of specialized services” (Primc et al., 2025, p. 14). The research indicates variations in professional attitudes, the extent of the type of abuse, and effective collaboration practices. The results of its activities assist in discovering problems in rural communities, enhancing training initiatives, and informing policies on how to safeguard old age and secure safe living conditions.

    **Overview of paper**

    My paper will address elder abuse, including physical, mental, and financial mistreatment of older individuals, and policy remedies such as the Elder Justice Act of 2010. The focus will be on how federal and state interventions, reporting systems, and community activities safeguard vulnerable older persons while considering implementation and enforcement challenges.

    **History of the Problem**

    I will emphasize the identification of elder abuse as a social and health issue. When state-level Adult Protective Services programs were developed in the 1970s, elder abuse became a public health and social issue. The 2010 Elder Justice Act, the first federal law against elder mistreatment, was crucial. I will also discuss the National Center on Elder Abuse and its role in influencing state awareness, training, and reporting processes to contextualize the expanding federal role in safeguarding older individuals.

    **Clarification of the Problem**

    The policy addresses elder abuse, which affects one in ten 60-year-olds (APA, 2022). In familial and caregiver situations, when older individuals are most reliant, neglect, psychological abuse, and financial exploitation occur. Nemati-Vakilabad et al. (2023) identified chronic disease, social isolation, and caregiver stress as risk factors for the condition. Policymakers prioritize systemic protection and coordinated responses by defining elder abuse as a social and health problem.

    **Conflicting Social Values in Legislation**

    Social principles in elder abuse policy reconcile older persons' autonomy and society's duty to protect the vulnerable. For instance, mandatory reporting regulations can raise concerns about privacy and autonomy, despite many policies promoting personal dignity and independence (Blance-Palmer et al., 2025). Additionally, policies emphasize safety, fairness, and equality; however, political and cultural beliefs influence how nations fund, prioritize, and enforce these initiatives.

    **Policy Effectiveness**

    Research reveals that elder abuse policies, particularly the Elder Justice Act, have boosted awareness, reporting, and professional training (Alias et al., 2023). However, underreporting, financing, and state-specific implementation of Adult Protective Services limit efficacy. Studies also show that safe houses, caregiver assistance, and multidisciplinary teams are helpful but inconsistently available (Prince et al., 2025). Although progress has been made, policy outcomes show that elder abuse is still common and requires greater institutional responses.

    **References**

    Alias, A. N., Mokti, K., Ibrahim, M. Y., Saupin, S., & Madrim, M. F. (2023). Elderly abuse and neglect on population health: Literature review and interventions from selected countries.
    _Korean Journal of Family Medicine_,
    _44_(6), 311–318. https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.23.0046

    American Psychological Association. (2022, November 10).
    _Elder abuse: How to spot warning signs, get help, and report mistreatment_. Apa.org; American Psychological Association. https://www.apa.org/topics/aging-older-adults/elder-abuse

    Blance-Palmer, R., Klaic, M., Rushford, H., Celeste, T., & Joubert, L. (2025). Elder abuse: a scoping review of the hospital social work role.
    _Journal of Elder Abuse & Neglect_, 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/08946566.2025.2554115

    Giraldo-Rodríguez, L., Agudelo-Botero, M., & Rojas-Russell, M. E. (2024). Elder abuse and depressive symptoms: The mediating role of loneliness in older adults.
    _Archives of Medical Research_,
    _55_(6), 103045–103045. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103045

    Kitaw, T. A., Baylie, A., Tekle, B. A., Tilahun, B. D., Getie, A., Abate, B. B., Feleke, S. F., Zemariam, A. B., Azmeraw, M., Yilak, G., Seid, S., & Haile, R. N. (2025). Elder abuse without borders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
    _BMC Public Health_,
    _25_(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-23548-9

    Nemati-Vakilabad, R., Khalili, Z., Ghanbari-Afra, L., & Mirzaei, A. (2023). The prevalence of elder abuse and risk factors: A cross-sectional study of community older adults.
    _BMC Geriatrics_,
    _23_(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-023-04307-0

    Primc, T., Mihelič, K., & Lobnikar, B. (2025). Analysis of the need for safe houses for victims of elder abuse from the perspective of police officers and social workers.
    _Social Sciences_,
    _14_(4), 192. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14040192

    Sun, X., & Yan, Z. (2025). Social networks reshape the impact of elder abuse on social well-being: a national longitudinal analysis of urban-rural disparities in China.
    _Journal of Elder Abuse & Neglect_, 1–32. https://doi.org/10.1080/08946566.2025.2523591

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    Power Point that explains the physics of a rainbow. What is a rainbow? What will affect if you see a rainbow or two? What do dispersion, refraction, and reflection have to do with rainbows? Technical violations of parole, such as failing to inform a parole officer about a change in residence, contri…

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    Power Point that explains the physics of a rainbow. What is a rainbow? What will affect if you see a rainbow or two? What do dispersion, refraction, and reflection have to do with rainbows?
    Technical violations of parole, such as failing to inform a parole officer about a change in residence, contribute significantly to prison overcrowding. Evaluate the effectiveness of returning parolees to prison for technical violations. Should there be more leniency in handling these cases, or is strict enforcement necessary to maintain public safety and the integrity of the parole system? Discuss the benefits and problems associated with strict enforcement of technical violations, considering the potential impact on recidivism rates, prison overcrowding, and the successful reintegration of parolees into society. Be sure to include examples from the textbook in your answer.
    Needs to be 3 paragraphs
    Reference  Siegel;, Larry.2018.Corrections Today.Boston, MA:Cengage
    Victims of violence by intimate partners and family. In your opinion, what are the key issues with this topic?
    ## (Rituals of Strain, IPV, and Familicide) Our argument is that structural factors are often overlooked. After addressing that question, watch the video below. What is your opinion of this “tool” some police departments started using over a decade ago to ID domestic violence victims at greatest risk? What seem to be the advantages? What about disadvantages?
    :

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    – **Based on the readings and video this week, discuss how viral or other illnesses (excluding COVID-19) impact your local community and what is done to mitigate the illnesses and impacts.** **Be sure to respond to at least one of your classmates' posts.** \ IMG_5238.png](https://www.sweetstudy.co…

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    – **Based on the readings and video this week, discuss how viral or other illnesses (excluding COVID-19) impact your local community and what is done to mitigate the illnesses and impacts.**
    **Be sure to respond to at least one of your classmates' posts.**
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    – ## replies.docx **## replies.docx** Education course – TOPIC: **Reflective Teaching and Code of Ethics** **Christi pos** t: What it means to me to be a reflective practitioner; I feel it starts with being self aware and having a growth mindset. Being open to changes in the day while meeting the co…

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    **## replies.docx**

    Education course – TOPIC:
    **Reflective Teaching and Code of Ethics**

    **Christi pos** t: What it means to me to be a reflective practitioner; I feel it starts with being self aware and having a growth mindset. Being open to changes in the day while meeting the code of ethics and the stands required for teaching. It means being able to focus on the plan and analyze the actions that are occurring in the classroom and adjust your curriculum from there; while continuing to meet the standards that are required for teaching. It is being able to identify my own strengths and weaknesses as well as that of my students and being able to meet my students where they are at regardless where I am at in my own personal progress. I feel life experience is important here in addition to being able to discern when and how to share those life experiences that are personal to help your individual student grow in a teachable moment. I was surprised at how short the code of ethics was listed for teachers as I hold a real estate licence and they are much longer and more intricate. I think the code of ethics and the standard go hand in hand as they are focused on the students learning and the teachers responsibility to see they do so to the best of the student and teacher abilities. Professional standards translate teaching into concrete observable standards that are measurable to everyone's benefit.

    **Matt pos** t: From my perspective, Reflective Teaching is important for educators to first develop their own practices by learning from colleagues and continuing to build skills through professional development courses, both internal and external. This ongoing growth allows teachers to be adaptable and meet the needs of all learners. According to ISTE (n.d.), educators should also seek opportunities for leadership and support student empowerment. This is important for pre-service teachers, who must learn to balance effective instruction with well-designed assessments that support every student. Additionally, educators can benefit from learning from colleagues about strategies to improve classroom practices, manage students’ diverse emotions, and create equitable learning environments. According to NEA (2020) Code of Ethics emphasizes that teachers must demonstrate a commitment to the profession by exercising sound professional judgment, being honest, and maintaining integrity. Acknowledging mistakes early in one’s career and working toward upholding ethical standards enhances collaboration and a positive professional environment. My goal is to plan and develop a classroom environment where I can grow professionally, collaborate with veteran teachers, and support early-career teachers in maintaining ethical and effective practices. Reflective Teaching is also important for applying the ISTE. According to iCEV (2024), by understanding and using these standards, educators can ensure that their teaching strategies meet the needs of modern learners. ISTE supports teachers to integrate technology, enhance digital citizenship, and design learning experiences that engage students in developing critical thinking.

    **Education course – Topic: Parent Participation & Conflict Resolution**

    **Marie post**: I heard about a family that got upset with their child's teacher because she had concerns about their son's behavior at school. The teacher was trying to find out if the family had noticed any unwanted behaviors at home or if they had any concerns. Through a mutual friend of the family, I learned that the family was upset because they thought that the teacher was accusing them of not disciplining their child.

    In this situation, having better 2-way communication could have made the situation better. The teacher could have made an effort to assure that their son's behaviors are not a discipline issue. The teacher could have also mentioned several positive attributes of the student to offset the negative. The family could have also voiced their concerns instead of just getting upset.

    To help build the trust of the family back up, I would ask the family if there was someone they would feel comfortable having come with them- a friend or a trusted teacher- that would help them advocate for their son and also be available so the family feels heard. I would reassure them that the teacher was not trying to accuse the family of anything, but rather wanted them to be part of the decision-making process for their son's education. The teacher, and the school, values their input.

    Kristi post: Think about a time (real or fictional) when there was a disagreement or misunderstanding between a family and school staff.

    There was a time when I was sitting in on a 504 meeting; and when we opened the meeting we were talking about what the students accommodations and modifications were. This student specifically has tests read to them, is allowed extra time to turn in assignments, and needs to sit in the front row. The parent was confused when we started discussing why the student does not get to leave the classroom to have tests read to them by a paraprofessional and why their student did not receive a one on one paraprofessional for the classes they were struggling with. We told them that their student is on a 504 plan and does not receive one on one services with a paraprofessional. I think the parents were upset that they did not know this and assumed that they were getting more assistance then the student really was. I think that the collaborative practice that could have helped us out in this situation was to be more open, clear and concise about what their students' modifications and accommodations are. From this week’s readings, one leadership action I would recommend is focusing on building trust through communication and transparency (Epstein & Sheldon, 2023). When teachers and administrators take the time to explain things clearly and invite families to share their thoughts, it helps families feel respected and involved. I think that this would help the parents feel not quite so surprised when they are in a meeting and make it sound like they don't have a clue about what is going on with their students.

    **## replies.docx**

    Education course – TOPIC:
    **Reflective Teaching and Code of Ethics**

    **Christi pos** t: What it means to me to be a reflective practitioner; I feel it starts with being self aware and having a growth mindset. Being open to changes in the day while meeting the code of ethics and the stands required for teaching. It means being able to focus on the plan and analyze the actions that are occurring in the classroom and adjust your curriculum from there; while continuing to meet the standards that are required for teaching. It is being able to identify my own strengths and weaknesses as well as that of my students and being able to meet my students where they are at regardless where I am at in my own personal progress. I feel life experience is important here in addition to being able to discern when and how to share those life experiences that are personal to help your individual student grow in a teachable moment. I was surprised at how short the code of ethics was listed for teachers as I hold a real estate licence and they are much longer and more intricate. I think the code of ethics and the standard go hand in hand as they are focused on the students learning and the teachers responsibility to see they do so to the best of the student and teacher abilities. Professional standards translate teaching into concrete observable standards that are measurable to everyone's benefit.

    **Matt pos** t: From my perspective, Reflective Teaching is important for educators to first develop their own practices by learning from colleagues and continuing to build skills through professional development courses, both internal and external. This ongoing growth allows teachers to be adaptable and meet the needs of all learners. According to ISTE (n.d.), educators should also seek opportunities for leadership and support student empowerment. This is important for pre-service teachers, who must learn to balance effective instruction with well-designed assessments that support every student. Additionally, educators can benefit from learning from colleagues about strategies to improve classroom practices, manage students’ diverse emotions, and create equitable learning environments. According to NEA (2020) Code of Ethics emphasizes that teachers must demonstrate a commitment to the profession by exercising sound professional judgment, being honest, and maintaining integrity. Acknowledging mistakes early in one’s career and working toward upholding ethical standards enhances collaboration and a positive professional environment. My goal is to plan and develop a classroom environment where I can grow professionally, collaborate with veteran teachers, and support early-career teachers in maintaining ethical and effective practices. Reflective Teaching is also important for applying the ISTE. According to iCEV (2024), by understanding and using these standards, educators can ensure that their teaching strategies meet the needs of modern learners. ISTE supports teachers to integrate technology, enhance digital citizenship, and design learning experiences that engage students in developing critical thinking.

    **Education course – Topic: Parent Participation & Conflict Resolution**

    **Marie post**: I heard about a family that got upset with their child's teacher because she had concerns about their son's behavior at school. The teacher was trying to find out if the family had noticed any unwanted behaviors at home or if they had any concerns. Through a mutual friend of the family, I learned that the family was upset because they thought that the teacher was accusing them of not disciplining their child.

    In this situation, having better 2-way communication could have made the situation better. The teacher could have made an effort to assure that their son's behaviors are not a discipline issue. The teacher could have also mentioned several positive attributes of the student to offset the negative. The family could have also voiced their concerns instead of just getting upset.

    To help build the trust of the family back up, I would ask the family if there was someone they would feel comfortable having come with them- a friend or a trusted teacher- that would help them advocate for their son and also be available so the family feels heard. I would reassure them that the teacher was not trying to accuse the family of anything, but rather wanted them to be part of the decision-making process for their son's education. The teacher, and the school, values their input.

    Kristi post: Think about a time (real or fictional) when there was a disagreement or misunderstanding between a family and school staff.

    There was a time when I was sitting in on a 504 meeting; and when we opened the meeting we were talking about what the students accommodations and modifications were. This student specifically has tests read to them, is allowed extra time to turn in assignments, and needs to sit in the front row. The parent was confused when we started discussing why the student does not get to leave the classroom to have tests read to them by a paraprofessional and why their student did not receive a one on one paraprofessional for the classes they were struggling with. We told them that their student is on a 504 plan and does not receive one on one services with a paraprofessional. I think the parents were upset that they did not know this and assumed that they were getting more assistance then the student really was. I think that the collaborative practice that could have helped us out in this situation was to be more open, clear and concise about what their students' modifications and accommodations are. From this week’s readings, one leadership action I would recommend is focusing on building trust through communication and transparency (Epstein & Sheldon, 2023). When teachers and administrators take the time to explain things clearly and invite families to share their thoughts, it helps families feel respected and involved. I think that this would help the parents feel not quite so surprised when they are in a meeting and make it sound like they don't have a clue about what is going on with their students.

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