Assignment Prompt & Instructions
– 2 years ago
**files (3)**
– ## HEARTHealthPRORAMflier.pdf
– ## Posterexampleforpopulationhealth.pdf
– ## Posterexampleforpopulationhealth.pdf
**## HEARTHealthPRORAMflier.pdf**
Date: Saturday, October 12,
2024
Time: 10 AM – 2 PM
Location: Northwestern
Medicine Palos Hospital
12251 S. 80th Avue, Palos
Heights, IL 60463
Where do we meet?
Phone: (000-000-0000
Email:
hearthealthinitiative@gmail.com
Website:
www.hearthealthinitiative.org
📞 Contact Information
🌟 Your heart
deserves it!
Take the first
step towards a
healthier future.
The Heart Health
Initiative Program Are you ready to take control
of you heart health?
Include a QR code to scan
to download a digital copy
of your poster.
🔍Our Goals:
Increase Awareness: Aiming for a 50% increase in awareness of health risks and blood pressure management
within the first year.
Healthy Living: Establish at least 200 participants in nutrition education and 75 members in community
exercise groups within the first year.
Health Screenings: Provide annual health screenings for 500 adults to promote early detection and
intervention.
🩺 What to Expect:
Free Health Screenings: Blood pressure and cholesterol checks.
Nutrition Education: Learn about heart-healthy diets and meal planning.
Exercise Groups: Join community workout sessions designed for all fitness levels.
Expert Talks: Hear from healthcare professionals about managing cardiovascular health risks.
**## Posterexampleforpopulationhealth.pdf**
Topic
Student Name
Faculty Name
Healthy People 2030 Goal
• The Healthy People 2030 initiative
aims to enhance cardiovascular
health by focusing on the reduction
of high blood pressure rates and
heart disease mortality. Specifically,
Objective HDS-01 targets adults
aged 45 years and older,
particularly those with comorbidities
such as obesity and diabetes, who
are at an elevated risk for heart
disease and stroke.
Morbidity/ Mortality Data
• Cardiovascular disease (CVD)
accounts for approximately 31% of all
global deaths, making it a leading
cause of morbidity and mortality
worldwide (World Health Organization,
WHO).
• In the U.S., nearly half of adults
experience high blood pressure,
contributing significantly to the
prevalence of heart disease and
associated complications (Fuchs &
Whelton, 2020).
Target Population:
• The target population for this
initiative is adults aged 45 years
and older, with a focus on those
facing chronic conditions like
hypertension, diabetes, and
hyperlipidemia.
• The Northwestern Medicine Palos
Heights Community Health Needs
Assessment (CHNA) 2022 Report
highlights heart disease and
stroke prevention as primary
health priorities for older adults.
• Surveys reveal a high prevalence
of risk factors, including high
blood pressure (25% of target
population), obesity (40%), and
sedentary lifestyles (45%).
Prevention Strategy:
• Implement a primary prevention
strategy focusing on lifestyle
modification and education
aimed at reducing high blood
pressure and associated risk
factors.
• Strategies include:
– Community workshops on
nutrition and physical activity.
– Access to free or low-cost
fitness programs.
– Blood pressure screening
events to encourage self-
monitoring and referral to
healthcare services.
Health Promotion
Program:
• The program, titled "Heart Health
for All," aims to improve
cardiovascular health through
community engagement and
education.
• Components include:
– Nutrition workshops to promote
heart-healthy eating.
– Exercise programs tailored for
older adults to encourage regular
physical activity.
– Partnering with local health
providers to offer regular health
screenings and resources.
Social-Ecological Model
– Individual: Education on personal
health management.
– Interpersonal: Engaging families
and friends in healthy activities.
– Organizational: Partnering with
local organizations to implement
health initiatives.
– Community: Building a
supportive community environment
that promotes healthy lifestyles.
– Policy: Advocating for local
policies that improve access to
healthy foods and healthcare.
Evidence to Support
Identified Strategy:
• Research shows that community-
based interventions significantly
reduce the prevalence of high
blood pressure and improve health
outcomes (Cohen et al., 2018).
• Successful programs in similar
demographics have demonstrated
a reduction in cardiovascular
events by 15-30% through lifestyle
changes and regular monitoring
(Johnson et al., 2021).
Health Literacy and
Cultural Considerations:
• Access to health information must
be culturally tailored to enhance
understanding and engagement.
• Materials will be provided in
multiple languages and designed
with reading-level appropriateness
to ensure comprehension among
all participants.al., 2021).
Role of Socially
Responsible Leadership:
Leaders will be trained to
recognize health disparities and
commit to ethical practices in
promoting cardiovascular
health.
The Logic Model:
• Inputs: Funding, community health
workers, partnerships with local
organizations, educational materials.
• Activities: Workshops, health
screenings, community fitness
programs.
• Outputs: Number of workshops held,
participants engaged, screenings
completed.
• Outcomes: Increased knowledge of
cardiovascular health, improved blood
pressure levels, enhanced access to
healthcare services.
• Impact: Reduced rates of heart disease
and improved overall community health.
References
Chou, R., Cantor, A., Dana, T., Wagner, J., Ahmed, A. Y., Fu, R., & Ferencik, M.
(2022). Statin use for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in adults.
JAMA, 328(8), 754. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2022.12138
Filippou, C. D., Tsioufis, C. P., Thomopoulos, C. G., Mihas, C. C., Dimitriadis, K.
S., Sotiropoulou, L. I., Chrysochoou, C. A., Nihoyannopoulos, P. I., & Tousoulis,
D. M. (2020). Dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) diet and blood
pressure reduction in adults with and without hypertension: A systematic review
and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Advances in Nutrition, 11(5),
1150–1160. https://doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmaa041
Fuchs, F. D., & Whelton, P. K. (2020). High blood pressure and cardiovascular
disease. Hypertension, 75(2), 285–292.
https://doi.org/10.1161/hypertensionaha.119.14240
Javed, Z., Haisum Maqsood, M., Yahya, T., Amin, Z., Acquah, I., Valero-
Elizondo, J., Andrieni, J., Dubey, P., Jackson, R. K., Daffin, M. A., Cainzos-
Achirica, M., Hyder, A. A., & Nasir, K. (2022). Race, racism, and Cardiovascular
Health: Applying a social determinants of health framework to racial/ethnic
disparities in cardiovascular disease. Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and
Outcomes, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.1161/circoutcomes.121.007917
Lloyd-Jones, D. M., Morris, P. B., Ballantyne, C. M., Birtcher, K. K., Covington,
A. M., DePalma, S. M., Minissian, M. B., Orringer, C. E., Smith, S. C., Waring,
A. A., & Wilkins, J. T. (2022). 2022 ACC expert consensus decision pathway on
the role of nonstatin therapies for LDL-cholesterol lowering in the management
of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk. Journal of the American College of
Cardiology, 80(14), 1366–1418. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2022.07.006
Lorenzo, E., & Evangelista, L. S. (2021). Disparities in cardiovascular disease:
Examining the social determinants of health. European Journal of Cardiovascular
Nursing, 21(3), 187–189. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurjcn/zvab067
Northwestern Medicine Palos Hospital. (2022). 2022 Community health needs
assessment. https://www.nm.org/CHNA/palos/index.html
Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. (n.d.). Heart disease and
stroke. Heart Disease and Stroke – Healthy People 2030.
https://health.gov/healthypeople/objectives-and-data/browse-objectives/heart-dise
ase-and-stroke
Soleimani, N., Ebrahimi, F., & Mirzaei, M. (2024). Self-management education
for hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia as major risk factors for
cardiovascular disease: Insights from stakeholders’ experiences and expectations.
PLOS ONE, 19(9). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0310961
World Health Organization. (n.d.). Cardiovascular diseases. World Health
Organization.
https://www.who.int/health-topics/cardiovascular-diseases#tab=tab_1
**## Posterexampleforpopulationhealth.pdf**
Topic
Student Name
Faculty Name
Healthy People 2030 Goal
• The Healthy People 2030 initiative
aims to enhance cardiovascular
health by focusing on the reduction
of high blood pressure rates and
heart disease mortality. Specifically,
Objective HDS-01 targets adults
aged 45 years and older,
particularly those with comorbidities
such as obesity and diabetes, who
are at an elevated risk for heart
disease and stroke.
Morbidity/ Mortality Data
• Cardiovascular disease (CVD)
accounts for approximately 31% of all
global deaths, making it a leading
cause of morbidity and mortality
worldwide (World Health Organization,
WHO).
• In the U.S., nearly half of adults
experience high blood pressure,
contributing significantly to the
prevalence of heart disease and
associated complications (Fuchs &
Whelton, 2020).
Target Population:
• The target population for this
initiative is adults aged 45 years
and older, with a focus on those
facing chronic conditions like
hypertension, diabetes, and
hyperlipidemia.
• The Northwestern Medicine Palos
Heights Community Health Needs
Assessment (CHNA) 2022 Report
highlights heart disease and
stroke prevention as primary
health priorities for older adults.
• Surveys reveal a high prevalence
of risk factors, including high
blood pressure (25% of target
population), obesity (40%), and
sedentary lifestyles (45%).
Prevention Strategy:
• Implement a primary prevention
strategy focusing on lifestyle
modification and education
aimed at reducing high blood
pressure and associated risk
factors.
• Strategies include:
– Community workshops on
nutrition and physical activity.
– Access to free or low-cost
fitness programs.
– Blood pressure screening
events to encourage self-
monitoring and referral to
healthcare services.
Health Promotion
Program:
• The program, titled "Heart Health
for All," aims to improve
cardiovascular health through
community engagement and
education.
• Components include:
– Nutrition workshops to promote
heart-healthy eating.
– Exercise programs tailored for
older adults to encourage regular
physical activity.
– Partnering with local health
providers to offer regular health
screenings and resources.
Social-Ecological Model
– Individual: Education on personal
health management.
– Interpersonal: Engaging families
and friends in healthy activities.
– Organizational: Partnering with
local organizations to implement
health initiatives.
– Community: Building a
supportive community environment
that promotes healthy lifestyles.
– Policy: Advocating for local
policies that improve access to
healthy foods and healthcare.
Evidence to Support
Identified Strategy:
• Research shows that community-
based interventions significantly
reduce the prevalence of high
blood pressure and improve health
outcomes (Cohen et al., 2018).
• Successful programs in similar
demographics have demonstrated
a reduction in cardiovascular
events by 15-30% through lifestyle
changes and regular monitoring
(Johnson et al., 2021).
Health Literacy and
Cultural Considerations:
• Access to health information must
be culturally tailored to enhance
understanding and engagement.
• Materials will be provided in
multiple languages and designed
with reading-level appropriateness
to ensure comprehension among
all participants.al., 2021).
Role of Socially
Responsible Leadership:
Leaders will be trained to
recognize health disparities and
commit to ethical practices in
promoting cardiovascular
health.
The Logic Model:
• Inputs: Funding, community health
workers, partnerships with local
organizations, educational materials.
• Activities: Workshops, health
screenings, community fitness
programs.
• Outputs: Number of workshops held,
participants engaged, screenings
completed.
• Outcomes: Increased knowledge of
cardiovascular health, improved blood
pressure levels, enhanced access to
healthcare services.
• Impact: Reduced rates of heart disease
and improved overall community health.
References
Chou, R., Cantor, A., Dana, T., Wagner, J., Ahmed, A. Y., Fu, R., & Ferencik, M.
(2022). Statin use for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in adults.
JAMA, 328(8), 754. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2022.12138
Filippou, C. D., Tsioufis, C. P., Thomopoulos, C. G., Mihas, C. C., Dimitriadis, K.
S., Sotiropoulou, L. I., Chrysochoou, C. A., Nihoyannopoulos, P. I., & Tousoulis,
D. M. (2020). Dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) diet and blood
pressure reduction in adults with and without hypertension: A systematic review
and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Advances in Nutrition, 11(5),
1150–1160. https://doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmaa041
Fuchs, F. D., & Whelton, P. K. (2020). High blood pressure and cardiovascular
disease. Hypertension, 75(2), 285–292.
https://doi.org/10.1161/hypertensionaha.119.14240
Javed, Z., Haisum Maqsood, M., Yahya, T., Amin, Z., Acquah, I., Valero-
Elizondo, J., Andrieni, J., Dubey, P., Jackson, R. K., Daffin, M. A., Cainzos-
Achirica, M., Hyder, A. A., & Nasir, K. (2022). Race, racism, and Cardiovascular
Health: Applying a social determinants of health framework to racial/ethnic
disparities in cardiovascular disease. Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and
Outcomes, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.1161/circoutcomes.121.007917
Lloyd-Jones, D. M., Morris, P. B., Ballantyne, C. M., Birtcher, K. K., Covington,
A. M., DePalma, S. M., Minissian, M. B., Orringer, C. E., Smith, S. C., Waring,
A. A., & Wilkins, J. T. (2022). 2022 ACC expert consensus decision pathway on
the role of nonstatin therapies for LDL-cholesterol lowering in the management
of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk. Journal of the American College of
Cardiology, 80(14), 1366–1418. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2022.07.006
Lorenzo, E., & Evangelista, L. S. (2021). Disparities in cardiovascular disease:
Examining the social determinants of health. European Journal of Cardiovascular
Nursing, 21(3), 187–189. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurjcn/zvab067
Northwestern Medicine Palos Hospital. (2022). 2022 Community health needs
assessment. https://www.nm.org/CHNA/palos/index.html
Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. (n.d.). Heart disease and
stroke. Heart Disease and Stroke – Healthy People 2030.
https://health.gov/healthypeople/objectives-and-data/browse-objectives/heart-dise
ase-and-stroke
Soleimani, N., Ebrahimi, F., & Mirzaei, M. (2024). Self-management education
for hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia as major risk factors for
cardiovascular disease: Insights from stakeholders’ experiences and expectations.
PLOS ONE, 19(9). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0310961
World Health Organization. (n.d.). Cardiovascular diseases. World Health
Organization.
https://www.who.int/health-topics/cardiovascular-diseases#tab=tab_1
**## Posterexampleforpopulationhealth.pdf**
Topic
Student Name
Faculty Name
Healthy People 2030 Goal
• The Healthy People 2030 initiative
aims to enhance cardiovascular
health by focusing on the reduction
of high blood pressure rates and
heart disease mortality. Specifically,
Objective HDS-01 targets adults
aged 45 years and older,
particularly those with comorbidities
such as obesity and diabetes, who
are at an elevated risk for heart
disease and stroke.
Morbidity/ Mortality Data
• Cardiovascular disease (CVD)
accounts for approximately 31% of all
global deaths, making it a leading
cause of morbidity and mortality
worldwide (World Health Organization,
WHO).
• In the U.S., nearly half of adults
experience high blood pressure,
contributing significantly to the
prevalence of heart disease and
associated complications (Fuchs &
Whelton, 2020).
Target Population:
• The target population for this
initiative is adults aged 45 years
and older, with a focus on those
facing chronic conditions like
hypertension, diabetes, and
hyperlipidemia.
• The Northwestern Medicine Palos
Heights Community Health Needs
Assessment (CHNA) 2022 Report
highlights heart disease and
stroke prevention as primary
health priorities for older adults.
• Surveys reveal a high prevalence
of risk factors, including high
blood pressure (25% of target
population), obesity (40%), and
sedentary lifestyles (45%).
Prevention Strategy:
• Implement a primary prevention
strategy focusing on lifestyle
modification and education
aimed at reducing high blood
pressure and associated risk
factors.
• Strategies include:
– Community workshops on
nutrition and physical activity.
– Access to free or low-cost
fitness programs.
– Blood pressure screening
events to encourage self-
monitoring and referral to
healthcare services.
Health Promotion
Program:
• The program, titled "Heart Health
for All," aims to improve
cardiovascular health through
community engagement and
education.
• Components include:
– Nutrition workshops to promote
heart-healthy eating.
– Exercise programs tailored for
older adults to encourage regular
physical activity.
– Partnering with local health
providers to offer regular health
screenings and resources.
Social-Ecological Model
– Individual: Education on personal
health management.
– Interpersonal: Engaging families
and friends in healthy activities.
– Organizational: Partnering with
local organizations to implement
health initiatives.
– Community: Building a
supportive community environment
that promotes healthy lifestyles.
– Policy: Advocating for local
policies that improve access to
healthy foods and healthcare.
Evidence to Support
Identified Strategy:
• Research shows that community-
based interventions significantly
reduce the prevalence of high
blood pressure and improve health
outcomes (Cohen et al., 2018).
• Successful programs in similar
demographics have demonstrated
a reduction in cardiovascular
events by 15-30% through lifestyle
changes and regular monitoring
(Johnson et al., 2021).
Health Literacy and
Cultural Considerations:
• Access to health information must
be culturally tailored to enhance
understanding and engagement.
• Materials will be provided in
multiple languages and designed
with reading-level appropriateness
to ensure comprehension among
all participants.al., 2021).
Role of Socially
Responsible Leadership:
Leaders will be trained to
recognize health disparities and
commit to ethical practices in
promoting cardiovascular
health.
The Logic Model:
• Inputs: Funding, community health
workers, partnerships with local
organizations, educational materials.
• Activities: Workshops, health
screenings, community fitness
programs.
• Outputs: Number of workshops held,
participants engaged, screenings
completed.
• Outcomes: Increased knowledge of
cardiovascular health, improved blood
pressure levels, enhanced access to
healthcare services.
• Impact: Reduced rates of heart disease
and improved overall community health.
References
Chou, R., Cantor, A., Dana, T., Wagner, J., Ahmed, A. Y., Fu, R., & Ferencik, M.
(2022). Statin use for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in adults.
JAMA, 328(8), 754. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2022.12138
Filippou, C. D., Tsioufis, C. P., Thomopoulos, C. G., Mihas, C. C., Dimitriadis, K.
S., Sotiropoulou, L. I., Chrysochoou, C. A., Nihoyannopoulos, P. I., & Tousoulis,
D. M. (2020). Dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) diet and blood
pressure reduction in adults with and without hypertension: A systematic review
and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Advances in Nutrition, 11(5),
1150–1160. https://doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmaa041
Fuchs, F. D., & Whelton, P. K. (2020). High blood pressure and cardiovascular
disease. Hypertension, 75(2), 285–292.
https://doi.org/10.1161/hypertensionaha.119.14240
Javed, Z., Haisum Maqsood, M., Yahya, T., Amin, Z., Acquah, I., Valero-
Elizondo, J., Andrieni, J., Dubey, P., Jackson, R. K., Daffin, M. A., Cainzos-
Achirica, M., Hyder, A. A., & Nasir, K. (2022). Race, racism, and Cardiovascular
Health: Applying a social determinants of health framework to racial/ethnic
disparities in cardiovascular disease. Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and
Outcomes, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.1161/circoutcomes.121.007917
Lloyd-Jones, D. M., Morris, P. B., Ballantyne, C. M., Birtcher, K. K., Covington,
A. M., DePalma, S. M., Minissian, M. B., Orringer, C. E., Smith, S. C., Waring,
A. A., & Wilkins, J. T. (2022). 2022 ACC expert consensus decision pathway on
the role of nonstatin therapies for LDL-cholesterol lowering in the management
of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk. Journal of the American College of
Cardiology, 80(14), 1366–1418. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2022.07.006
Lorenzo, E., & Evangelista, L. S. (2021). Disparities in cardiovascular disease:
Examining the social determinants of health. European Journal of Cardiovascular
Nursing, 21(3), 187–189. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurjcn/zvab067
Northwestern Medicine Palos Hospital. (2022). 2022 Community health needs
assessment. https://www.nm.org/CHNA/palos/index.html
Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. (n.d.). Heart disease and
stroke. Heart Disease and Stroke – Healthy People 2030.
https://health.gov/healthypeople/objectives-and-data/browse-objectives/heart-dise
ase-and-stroke
Soleimani, N., Ebrahimi, F., & Mirzaei, M. (2024). Self-management education
for hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia as major risk factors for
cardiovascular disease: Insights from stakeholders’ experiences and expectations.
PLOS ONE, 19(9). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0310961
World Health Organization. (n.d.). Cardiovascular diseases. World Health
Organization.
https://www.who.int/health-topics/cardiovascular-diseases#tab=tab_1
**## HEARTHealthPRORAMflier.pdf**
Date: Saturday, October 12,
2024
Time: 10 AM – 2 PM
Location: Northwestern
Medicine Palos Hospital
12251 S. 80th Avue, Palos
Heights, IL 60463
Where do we meet?
Phone: (000-000-0000
Email:
hearthealthinitiative@gmail.com
Website:
www.hearthealthinitiative.org
📞 Contact Information
🌟 Your heart
deserves it!
Take the first
step towards a
healthier future.
The Heart Health
Initiative Program Are you ready to take control
of you heart health?
Include a QR code to scan
to download a digital copy
of your poster.
🔍Our Goals:
Increase Awareness: Aiming for a 50% increase in awareness of health risks and blood pressure management
within the first year.
Healthy Living: Establish at least 200 participants in nutrition education and 75 members in community
exercise groups within the first year.
Health Screenings: Provide annual health screenings for 500 adults to promote early detection and
intervention.
🩺 What to Expect:
Free Health Screenings: Blood pressure and cholesterol checks.
Nutrition Education: Learn about heart-healthy diets and meal planning.
Exercise Groups: Join community workout sessions designed for all fitness levels.
Expert Talks: Hear from healthcare professionals about managing cardiovascular health risks.
**## Posterexampleforpopulationhealth.pdf**
Topic
Student Name
Faculty Name
Healthy People 2030 Goal
• The Healthy People 2030 initiative
aims to enhance cardiovascular
health by focusing on the reduction
of high blood pressure rates and
heart disease mortality. Specifically,
Objective HDS-01 targets adults
aged 45 years and older,
particularly those with comorbidities
such as obesity and diabetes, who
are at an elevated risk for heart
disease and stroke.
Morbidity/ Mortality Data
• Cardiovascular disease (CVD)
accounts for approximately 31% of all
global deaths, making it a leading
cause of morbidity and mortality
worldwide (World Health Organization,
WHO).
• In the U.S., nearly half of adults
experience high blood pressure,
contributing significantly to the
prevalence of heart disease and
associated complications (Fuchs &
Whelton, 2020).
Target Population:
• The target population for this
initiative is adults aged 45 years
and older, with a focus on those
facing chronic conditions like
hypertension, diabetes, and
hyperlipidemia.
• The Northwestern Medicine Palos
Heights Community Health Needs
Assessment (CHNA) 2022 Report
highlights heart disease and
stroke prevention as primary
health priorities for older adults.
• Surveys reveal a high prevalence
of risk factors, including high
blood pressure (25% of target
population), obesity (40%), and
sedentary lifestyles (45%).
Prevention Strategy:
• Implement a primary prevention
strategy focusing on lifestyle
modification and education
aimed at reducing high blood
pressure and associated risk
factors.
• Strategies include:
– Community workshops on
nutrition and physical activity.
– Access to free or low-cost
fitness programs.
– Blood pressure screening
events to encourage self-
monitoring and referral to
healthcare services.
Health Promotion
Program:
• The program, titled "Heart Health
for All," aims to improve
cardiovascular health through
community engagement and
education.
• Components include:
– Nutrition workshops to promote
heart-healthy eating.
– Exercise programs tailored for
older adults to encourage regular
physical activity.
– Partnering with local health
providers to offer regular health
screenings and resources.
Social-Ecological Model
– Individual: Education on personal
health management.
– Interpersonal: Engaging families
and friends in healthy activities.
– Organizational: Partnering with
local organizations to implement
health initiatives.
– Community: Building a
supportive community environment
that promotes healthy lifestyles.
– Policy: Advocating for local
policies that improve access to
healthy foods and healthcare.
Evidence to Support
Identified Strategy:
• Research shows that community-
based interventions significantly
reduce the prevalence of high
blood pressure and improve health
outcomes (Cohen et al., 2018).
• Successful programs in similar
demographics have demonstrated
a reduction in cardiovascular
events by 15-30% through lifestyle
changes and regular monitoring
(Johnson et al., 2021).
Health Literacy and
Cultural Considerations:
• Access to health information must
be culturally tailored to enhance
understanding and engagement.
• Materials will be provided in
multiple languages and designed
with reading-level appropriateness
to ensure comprehension among
all participants.al., 2021).
Role of Socially
Responsible Leadership:
Leaders will be trained to
recognize health disparities and
commit to ethical practices in
promoting cardiovascular
health.
The Logic Model:
• Inputs: Funding, community health
workers, partnerships with local
organizations, educational materials.
• Activities: Workshops, health
screenings, community fitness
programs.
• Outputs: Number of workshops held,
participants engaged, screenings
completed.
• Outcomes: Increased knowledge of
cardiovascular health, improved blood
pressure levels, enhanced access to
healthcare services.
• Impact: Reduced rates of heart disease
and improved overall community health.
References
Chou, R., Cantor, A., Dana, T., Wagner, J., Ahmed, A. Y., Fu, R., & Ferencik, M.
(2022). Statin use for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in adults.
JAMA, 328(8), 754. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2022.12138
Filippou, C. D., Tsioufis, C. P., Thomopoulos, C. G., Mihas, C. C., Dimitriadis, K.
S., Sotiropoulou, L. I., Chrysochoou, C. A., Nihoyannopoulos, P. I., & Tousoulis,
D. M. (2020). Dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) diet and blood
pressure reduction in adults with and without hypertension: A systematic review
and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Advances in Nutrition, 11(5),
1150–1160. https://doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmaa041
Fuchs, F. D., & Whelton, P. K. (2020). High blood pressure and cardiovascular
disease. Hypertension, 75(2), 285–292.
https://doi.org/10.1161/hypertensionaha.119.14240
Javed, Z., Haisum Maqsood, M., Yahya, T., Amin, Z., Acquah, I., Valero-
Elizondo, J., Andrieni, J., Dubey, P., Jackson, R. K., Daffin, M. A., Cainzos-
Achirica, M., Hyder, A. A., & Nasir, K. (2022). Race, racism, and Cardiovascular
Health: Applying a social determinants of health framework to racial/ethnic
disparities in cardiovascular disease. Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and
Outcomes, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.1161/circoutcomes.121.007917
Lloyd-Jones, D. M., Morris, P. B., Ballantyne, C. M., Birtcher, K. K., Covington,
A. M., DePalma, S. M., Minissian, M. B., Orringer, C. E., Smith, S. C., Waring,
A. A., & Wilkins, J. T. (2022). 2022 ACC expert consensus decision pathway on
the role of nonstatin therapies for LDL-cholesterol lowering in the management
of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk. Journal of the American College of
Cardiology, 80(14), 1366–1418. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2022.07.006
Lorenzo, E., & Evangelista, L. S. (2021). Disparities in cardiovascular disease:
Examining the social determinants of health. European Journal of Cardiovascular
Nursing, 21(3), 187–189. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurjcn/zvab067
Northwestern Medicine Palos Hospital. (2022). 2022 Community health needs
assessment. https://www.nm.org/CHNA/palos/index.html
Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. (n.d.). Heart disease and
stroke. Heart Disease and Stroke – Healthy People 2030.
https://health.gov/healthypeople/objectives-and-data/browse-objectives/heart-dise
ase-and-stroke
Soleimani, N., Ebrahimi, F., & Mirzaei, M. (2024). Self-management education
for hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia as major risk factors for
cardiovascular disease: Insights from stakeholders’ experiences and expectations.
PLOS ONE, 19(9). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0310961
World Health Organization. (n.d.). Cardiovascular diseases. World Health
Organization.
https://www.who.int/health-topics/cardiovascular-diseases#tab=tab_1
**## Posterexampleforpopulationhealth.pdf**
Topic
Student Name
Faculty Name
Healthy People 2030 Goal
• The Healthy People 2030 initiative
aims to enhance cardiovascular
health by focusing on the reduction
of high blood pressure rates and
heart disease mortality. Specifically,
Objective HDS-01 targets adults
aged 45 years and older,
particularly those with comorbidities
such as obesity and diabetes, who
are at an elevated risk for heart
disease and stroke.
Morbidity/ Mortality Data
• Cardiovascular disease (CVD)
accounts for approximately 31% of all
global deaths, making it a leading
cause of morbidity and mortality
worldwide (World Health Organization,
WHO).
• In the U.S., nearly half of adults
experience high blood pressure,
contributing significantly to the
prevalence of heart disease and
associated complications (Fuchs &
Whelton, 2020).
Target Population:
• The target population for this
initiative is adults aged 45 years
and older, with a focus on those
facing chronic conditions like
hypertension, diabetes, and
hyperlipidemia.
• The Northwestern Medicine Palos
Heights Community Health Needs
Assessment (CHNA) 2022 Report
highlights heart disease and
stroke prevention as primary
health priorities for older adults.
• Surveys reveal a high prevalence
of risk factors, including high
blood pressure (25% of target
population), obesity (40%), and
sedentary lifestyles (45%).
Prevention Strategy:
• Implement a primary prevention
strategy focusing on lifestyle
modification and education
aimed at reducing high blood
pressure and associated risk
factors.
• Strategies include:
– Community workshops on
nutrition and physical activity.
– Access to free or low-cost
fitness programs.
– Blood pressure screening
events to encourage self-
monitoring and referral to
healthcare services.
Health Promotion
Program:
• The program, titled "Heart Health
for All," aims to improve
cardiovascular health through
community engagement and
education.
• Components include:
– Nutrition workshops to promote
heart-healthy eating.
– Exercise programs tailored for
older adults to encourage regular
physical activity.
– Partnering with local health
providers to offer regular health
screenings and resources.
Social-Ecological Model
– Individual: Education on personal
health management.
– Interpersonal: Engaging families
and friends in healthy activities.
– Organizational: Partnering with
local organizations to implement
health initiatives.
– Community: Building a
supportive community environment
that promotes healthy lifestyles.
– Policy: Advocating for local
policies that improve access to
healthy foods and healthcare.
Evidence to Support
Identified Strategy:
• Research shows that community-
based interventions significantly
reduce the prevalence of high
blood pressure and improve health
outcomes (Cohen et al., 2018).
• Successful programs in similar
demographics have demonstrated
a reduction in cardiovascular
events by 15-30% through lifestyle
changes and regular monitoring
(Johnson et al., 2021).
Health Literacy and
Cultural Considerations:
• Access to health information must
be culturally tailored to enhance
understanding and engagement.
• Materials will be provided in
multiple languages and designed
with reading-level appropriateness
to ensure comprehension among
all participants.al., 2021).
Role of Socially
Responsible Leadership:
Leaders will be trained to
recognize health disparities and
commit to ethical practices in
promoting cardiovascular
health.
The Logic Model:
• Inputs: Funding, community health
workers, partnerships with local
organizations, educational materials.
• Activities: Workshops, health
screenings, community fitness
programs.
• Outputs: Number of workshops held,
participants engaged, screenings
completed.
• Outcomes: Increased knowledge of
cardiovascular health, improved blood
pressure levels, enhanced access to
healthcare services.
• Impact: Reduced rates of heart disease
and improved overall community health.
References
Chou, R., Cantor, A., Dana, T., Wagner, J., Ahmed, A. Y., Fu, R., & Ferencik, M.
(2022). Statin use for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in adults.
JAMA, 328(8), 754. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2022.12138
Filippou, C. D., Tsioufis, C. P., Thomopoulos, C. G., Mihas, C. C., Dimitriadis, K.
S., Sotiropoulou, L. I., Chrysochoou, C. A., Nihoyannopoulos, P. I., & Tousoulis,
D. M. (2020). Dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) diet and blood
pressure reduction in adults with and without hypertension: A systematic review
and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Advances in Nutrition, 11(5),
1150–1160. https://doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmaa041
Fuchs, F. D., & Whelton, P. K. (2020). High blood pressure and cardiovascular
disease. Hypertension, 75(2), 285–292.
https://doi.org/10.1161/hypertensionaha.119.14240
Javed, Z., Haisum Maqsood, M., Yahya, T., Amin, Z., Acquah, I., Valero-
Elizondo, J., Andrieni, J., Dubey, P., Jackson, R. K., Daffin, M. A., Cainzos-
Achirica, M., Hyder, A. A., & Nasir, K. (2022). Race, racism, and Cardiovascular
Health: Applying a social determinants of health framework to racial/ethnic
disparities in cardiovascular disease. Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and
Outcomes, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.1161/circoutcomes.121.007917
Lloyd-Jones, D. M., Morris, P. B., Ballantyne, C. M., Birtcher, K. K., Covington,
A. M., DePalma, S. M., Minissian, M. B., Orringer, C. E., Smith, S. C., Waring,
A. A., & Wilkins, J. T. (2022). 2022 ACC expert consensus decision pathway on
the role of nonstatin therapies for LDL-cholesterol lowering in the management
of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk. Journal of the American College of
Cardiology, 80(14), 1366–1418. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2022.07.006
Lorenzo, E., & Evangelista, L. S. (2021). Disparities in cardiovascular disease:
Examining the social determinants of health. European Journal of Cardiovascular
Nursing, 21(3), 187–189. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurjcn/zvab067
Northwestern Medicine Palos Hospital. (2022). 2022 Community health needs
assessment. https://www.nm.org/CHNA/palos/index.html
Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. (n.d.). Heart disease and
stroke. Heart Disease and Stroke – Healthy People 2030.
https://health.gov/healthypeople/objectives-and-data/browse-objectives/heart-dise
ase-and-stroke
Soleimani, N., Ebrahimi, F., & Mirzaei, M. (2024). Self-management education
for hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia as major risk factors for
cardiovascular disease: Insights from stakeholders’ experiences and expectations.
PLOS ONE, 19(9). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0310961
World Health Organization. (n.d.). Cardiovascular diseases. World Health
Organization.
https://www.who.int/health-topics/cardiovascular-diseases#tab=tab_1
**## HEARTHealthPRORAMflier.pdf**
Date: Saturday, October 12,
2024
Time: 10 AM – 2 PM
Location: Northwestern
Medicine Palos Hospital
12251 S. 80th Avue, Palos
Heights, IL 60463
Where do we meet?
Phone: (000-000-0000
Email:
hearthealthinitiative@gmail.com
Website:
www.hearthealthinitiative.org
📞 Contact Information
🌟 Your heart
deserves it!
Take the first
step towards a
healthier future.
The Heart Health
Initiative Program Are you ready to take control
of you heart health?
Include a QR code to scan
to download a digital copy
of your poster.
🔍Our Goals:
Increase Awareness: Aiming for a 50% increase in awareness of health risks and blood pressure management
within the first year.
Healthy Living: Establish at least 200 participants in nutrition education and 75 members in community
exercise groups within the first year.
Health Screenings: Provide annual health screenings for 500 adults to promote early detection and
intervention.
🩺 What to Expect:
Free Health Screenings: Blood pressure and cholesterol checks.
Nutrition Education: Learn about heart-healthy diets and meal planning.
Exercise Groups: Join community workout sessions designed for all fitness levels.
Expert Talks: Hear from healthcare professionals about managing cardiovascular health risks.
**## Posterexampleforpopulationhealth.pdf**
Topic
Student Name
Faculty Name
Healthy People 2030 Goal
• The Healthy People 2030 initiative
aims to enhance cardiovascular
health by focusing on the reduction
of high blood pressure rates and
heart disease mortality. Specifically,
Objective HDS-01 targets adults
aged 45 years and older,
particularly those with comorbidities
such as obesity and diabetes, who
are at an elevated risk for heart
disease and stroke.
Morbidity/ Mortality Data
• Cardiovascular disease (CVD)
accounts for approximately 31% of all
global deaths, making it a leading
cause of morbidity and mortality
worldwide (World Health Organization,
WHO).
• In the U.S., nearly half of adults
experience high blood pressure,
contributing significantly to the
prevalence of heart disease and
associated complications (Fuchs &
Whelton, 2020).
Target Population:
• The target population for this
initiative is adults aged 45 years
and older, with a focus on those
facing chronic conditions like
hypertension, diabetes, and
hyperlipidemia.
• The Northwestern Medicine Palos
Heights Community Health Needs
Assessment (CHNA) 2022 Report
highlights heart disease and
stroke prevention as primary
health priorities for older adults.
• Surveys reveal a high prevalence
of risk factors, including high
blood pressure (25% of target
population), obesity (40%), and
sedentary lifestyles (45%).
Prevention Strategy:
• Implement a primary prevention
strategy focusing on lifestyle
modification and education
aimed at reducing high blood
pressure and associated risk
factors.
• Strategies include:
– Community workshops on
nutrition and physical activity.
– Access to free or low-cost
fitness programs.
– Blood pressure screening
events to encourage self-
monitoring and referral to
healthcare services.
Health Promotion
Program:
• The program, titled "Heart Health
for All," aims to improve
cardiovascular health through
community engagement and
education.
• Components include:
– Nutrition workshops to promote
heart-healthy eating.
– Exercise programs tailored for
older adults to encourage regular
physical activity.
– Partnering with local health
providers to offer regular health
screenings and resources.
Social-Ecological Model
– Individual: Education on personal
health management.
– Interpersonal: Engaging families
and friends in healthy activities.
– Organizational: Partnering with
local organizations to implement
health initiatives.
– Community: Building a
supportive community environment
that promotes healthy lifestyles.
– Policy: Advocating for local
policies that improve access to
healthy foods and healthcare.
Evidence to Support
Identified Strategy:
• Research shows that community-
based interventions significantly
reduce the prevalence of high
blood pressure and improve health
outcomes (Cohen et al., 2018).
• Successful programs in similar
demographics have demonstrated
a reduction in cardiovascular
events by 15-30% through lifestyle
changes and regular monitoring
(Johnson et al., 2021).
Health Literacy and
Cultural Considerations:
• Access to health information must
be culturally tailored to enhance
understanding and engagement.
• Materials will be provided in
multiple languages and designed
with reading-level appropriateness
to ensure comprehension among
all participants.al., 2021).
Role of Socially
Responsible Leadership:
Leaders will be trained to
recognize health disparities and
commit to ethical practices in
promoting cardiovascular
health.
The Logic Model:
• Inputs: Funding, community health
workers, partnerships with local
organizations, educational materials.
• Activities: Workshops, health
screenings, community fitness
programs.
• Outputs: Number of workshops held,
participants engaged, screenings
completed.
• Outcomes: Increased knowledge of
cardiovascular health, improved blood
pressure levels, enhanced access to
healthcare services.
• Impact: Reduced rates of heart disease
and improved overall community health.
References
Chou, R., Cantor, A., Dana, T., Wagner, J., Ahmed, A. Y., Fu, R., & Ferencik, M.
(2022). Statin use for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in adults.
JAMA, 328(8), 754. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2022.12138
Filippou, C. D., Tsioufis, C. P., Thomopoulos, C. G., Mihas, C. C., Dimitriadis, K.
S., Sotiropoulou, L. I., Chrysochoou, C. A., Nihoyannopoulos, P. I., & Tousoulis,
D. M. (2020). Dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) diet and blood
pressure reduction in adults with and without hypertension: A systematic review
and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Advances in Nutrition, 11(5),
1150–1160. https://doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmaa041
Fuchs, F. D., & Whelton, P. K. (2020). High blood pressure and cardiovascular
disease. Hypertension, 75(2), 285–292.
https://doi.org/10.1161/hypertensionaha.119.14240
Javed, Z., Haisum Maqsood, M., Yahya, T., Amin, Z., Acquah, I., Valero-
Elizondo, J., Andrieni, J., Dubey, P., Jackson, R. K., Daffin, M. A., Cainzos-
Achirica, M., Hyder, A. A., & Nasir, K. (2022). Race, racism, and Cardiovascular
Health: Applying a social determinants of health framework to racial/ethnic
disparities in cardiovascular disease. Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and
Outcomes, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.1161/circoutcomes.121.007917
Lloyd-Jones, D. M., Morris, P. B., Ballantyne, C. M., Birtcher, K. K., Covington,
A. M., DePalma, S. M., Minissian, M. B., Orringer, C. E., Smith, S. C., Waring,
A. A., & Wilkins, J. T. (2022). 2022 ACC expert consensus decision pathway on
the role of nonstatin therapies for LDL-cholesterol lowering in the management
of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk. Journal of the American College of
Cardiology, 80(14), 1366–1418. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2022.07.006
Lorenzo, E., & Evangelista, L. S. (2021). Disparities in cardiovascular disease:
Examining the social determinants of health. European Journal of Cardiovascular
Nursing, 21(3), 187–189. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurjcn/zvab067
Northwestern Medicine Palos Hospital. (2022). 2022 Community health needs
assessment. https://www.nm.org/CHNA/palos/index.html
Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. (n.d.). Heart disease and
stroke. Heart Disease and Stroke – Healthy People 2030.
https://health.gov/healthypeople/objectives-and-data/browse-objectives/heart-dise
ase-and-stroke
Soleimani, N., Ebrahimi, F., & Mirzaei, M. (2024). Self-management education
for hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia as major risk factors for
cardiovascular disease: Insights from stakeholders’ experiences and expectations.
PLOS ONE, 19(9). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0310961
World Health Organization. (n.d.). Cardiovascular diseases. World Health
Organization.
https://www.who.int/health-topics/cardiovascular-diseases#tab=tab_1
**## Posterexampleforpopulationhealth.pdf**
Topic
Student Name
Faculty Name
Healthy People 2030 Goal
• The Healthy People 2030 initiative
aims to enhance cardiovascular
health by focusing on the reduction
of high blood pressure rates and
heart disease mortality. Specifically,
Objective HDS-01 targets adults
aged 45 years and older,
particularly those with comorbidities
such as obesity and diabetes, who
are at an elevated risk for heart
disease and stroke.
Morbidity/ Mortality Data
• Cardiovascular disease (CVD)
accounts for approximately 31% of all
global deaths, making it a leading
cause of morbidity and mortality
worldwide (World Health Organization,
WHO).
• In the U.S., nearly half of adults
experience high blood pressure,
contributing significantly to the
prevalence of heart disease and
associated complications (Fuchs &
Whelton, 2020).
Target Population:
• The target population for this
initiative is adults aged 45 years
and older, with a focus on those
facing chronic conditions like
hypertension, diabetes, and
hyperlipidemia.
• The Northwestern Medicine Palos
Heights Community Health Needs
Assessment (CHNA) 2022 Report
highlights heart disease and
stroke prevention as primary
health priorities for older adults.
• Surveys reveal a high prevalence
of risk factors, including high
blood pressure (25% of target
population), obesity (40%), and
sedentary lifestyles (45%).
Prevention Strategy:
• Implement a primary prevention
strategy focusing on lifestyle
modification and education
aimed at reducing high blood
pressure and associated risk
factors.
• Strategies include:
– Community workshops on
nutrition and physical activity.
– Access to free or low-cost
fitness programs.
– Blood pressure screening
events to encourage self-
monitoring and referral to
healthcare services.
Health Promotion
Program:
• The program, titled "Heart Health
for All," aims to improve
cardiovascular health through
community engagement and
education.
• Components include:
– Nutrition workshops to promote
heart-healthy eating.
– Exercise programs tailored for
older adults to encourage regular
physical activity.
– Partnering with local health
providers to offer regular health
screenings and resources.
Social-Ecological Model
– Individual: Education on personal
health management.
– Interpersonal: Engaging families
and friends in healthy activities.
– Organizational: Partnering with
local organizations to implement
health initiatives.
– Community: Building a
supportive community environment
that promotes healthy lifestyles.
– Policy: Advocating for local
policies that improve access to
healthy foods and healthcare.
Evidence to Support
Identified Strategy:
• Research shows that community-
based interventions significantly
reduce the prevalence of high
blood pressure and improve health
outcomes (Cohen et al., 2018).
• Successful programs in similar
demographics have demonstrated
a reduction in cardiovascular
events by 15-30% through lifestyle
changes and regular monitoring
(Johnson et al., 2021).
Health Literacy and
Cultural Considerations:
• Access to health information must
be culturally tailored to enhance
understanding and engagement.
• Materials will be provided in
multiple languages and designed
with reading-level appropriateness
to ensure comprehension among
all participants.al., 2021).
Role of Socially
Responsible Leadership:
Leaders will be trained to
recognize health disparities and
commit to ethical practices in
promoting cardiovascular
health.
The Logic Model:
• Inputs: Funding, community health
workers, partnerships with local
organizations, educational materials.
• Activities: Workshops, health
screenings, community fitness
programs.
• Outputs: Number of workshops held,
participants engaged, screenings
completed.
• Outcomes: Increased knowledge of
cardiovascular health, improved blood
pressure levels, enhanced access to
healthcare services.
• Impact: Reduced rates of heart disease
and improved overall community health.
References
Chou, R., Cantor, A., Dana, T., Wagner, J., Ahmed, A. Y., Fu, R., & Ferencik, M.
(2022). Statin use for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in adults.
JAMA, 328(8), 754. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2022.12138
Filippou, C. D., Tsioufis, C. P., Thomopoulos, C. G., Mihas, C. C., Dimitriadis, K.
S., Sotiropoulou, L. I., Chrysochoou, C. A., Nihoyannopoulos, P. I., & Tousoulis,
D. M. (2020). Dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) diet and blood
pressure reduction in adults with and without hypertension: A systematic review
and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Advances in Nutrition, 11(5),
1150–1160. https://doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmaa041
Fuchs, F. D., & Whelton, P. K. (2020). High blood pressure and cardiovascular
disease. Hypertension, 75(2), 285–292.
https://doi.org/10.1161/hypertensionaha.119.14240
Javed, Z., Haisum Maqsood, M., Yahya, T., Amin, Z., Acquah, I., Valero-
Elizondo, J., Andrieni, J., Dubey, P., Jackson, R. K., Daffin, M. A., Cainzos-
Achirica, M., Hyder, A. A., & Nasir, K. (2022). Race, racism, and Cardiovascular
Health: Applying a social determinants of health framework to racial/ethnic
disparities in cardiovascular disease. Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and
Outcomes, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.1161/circoutcomes.121.007917
Lloyd-Jones, D. M., Morris, P. B., Ballantyne, C. M., Birtcher, K. K., Covington,
A. M., DePalma, S. M., Minissian, M. B., Orringer, C. E., Smith, S. C., Waring,
A. A., & Wilkins, J. T. (2022). 2022 ACC expert consensus decision pathway on
the role of nonstatin therapies for LDL-cholesterol lowering in the management
of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk. Journal of the American College of
Cardiology, 80(14), 1366–1418. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2022.07.006
Lorenzo, E., & Evangelista, L. S. (2021). Disparities in cardiovascular disease:
Examining the social determinants of health. European Journal of Cardiovascular
Nursing, 21(3), 187–189. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurjcn/zvab067
Northwestern Medicine Palos Hospital. (2022). 2022 Community health needs
assessment. https://www.nm.org/CHNA/palos/index.html
Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. (n.d.). Heart disease and
stroke. Heart Disease and Stroke – Healthy People 2030.
https://health.gov/healthypeople/objectives-and-data/browse-objectives/heart-dise
ase-and-stroke
Soleimani, N., Ebrahimi, F., & Mirzaei, M. (2024). Self-management education
for hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia as major risk factors for
cardiovascular disease: Insights from stakeholders’ experiences and expectations.
PLOS ONE, 19(9). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0310961
World Health Organization. (n.d.). Cardiovascular diseases. World Health
Organization.
https://www.who.int/health-topics/cardiovascular-diseases#tab=tab_1