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Category: Nursing

  • [Solved] Create a Reply for a discussion using APA 7 format, and scholarly references no older than 5 years

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    **Please ensure that the reply includes more than 200 words of scholarly articles and that the plagiarism level remains below 20%.** **Introduction** Pain is a complex experience that profoundly affects people's lives and their ability to perform. Theories of pain have developed over time to capture…

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    Assignment Prompt & Instructions

    **Please ensure that the reply includes more than 200 words of scholarly articles and that the plagiarism level remains below 20%.**

    **Introduction**

    Pain is a complex experience that profoundly affects people's lives and their ability to perform. Theories of pain have developed over time to capture more the senses of its mechanisms especially in regard to its sensory, emotional, cognitive, and social dimensions. This assignment discusses recent developments in pain theory, examines the foundational concepts of pain theory, evaluates its clinical practice applications, suggests areas for further research, and summarizes the implications drawn from current studies.

    **Analysis of the Underpinning for the Theory of Pain**

    The understanding of pain has shifted from traditional biomedical models to more complex biopsychosocial frameworks. One of the most influential theories is the Gate Control Theory, established by Melzack and Wall in 1965, aware that the perception of pain is subject to control by psychological and social factors, as well as stimuli variety. Recent studies have reinforced the importance of this theory by showing significant effects for emotions and cognitive appraisal in determining patients' experiences of pain (Pincus et al., 2023).

    Moreover, the Dynamic Vulnerability Model provides an in-depth description of the personal and contextual variables that influence pain responses, highlighting the interplay among biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors (McCracken & Zhao, 2021). The model supports clinicians to think about a broad approach to pain management that is beyond just the symptoms involved, pretty much acknowledging the multiplicity of the pain experience for patients.

    **Applications of the Theory of Pain**

    Theoretical advancements have therefore led to practical applications in pain management strategies. For example, there is an increased use and proven effectiveness of psychological therapies, particularly CBT and mindfulness-based interventions, in alleviating chronic pain symptoms (Vowles & McCracken, 2022). Studies suggest that these therapeutic approaches assist patients in changing their views about pain and developing coping strategies that enhance their quality of life (Baker et al., 2022).

    Furthermore, the biopsychosocial model has also influenced approaches to multidisciplinary pain management: collaborative care that incorporates medical, psychological, and physical interventions specifically tailored to the needs of individual patients (Schmidt et al., 2023). This comprehensive orientation underscores the requirement for several elements influencing the patients' pain experience and thus leads to better clinical results.

    **Suggestions for Additional Research**

    Despite these advancements, much more is needed to be understood about pain. Future studies should target the underlying neurobiological mechanisms of chronic pain, particularly the role of neuroinflammation and altered pain processing (Tracey & Mantyh, 2023). Studies are also needed to demonstrate whether evidence-based clinical practice can be further developed and integrated through longitudinal follow-up studies on the effectiveness of treatment approaches that combine various types of therapies (Batchelor et al., 2022).

    Furthermore, research on social determinants of health and pain experiences will be relevant in developing more inclusive and effective strategies for managing pain, particularly in diverse populations (Jones et al., 2023). Another avenue that could further enrich the field is the role of cultural contexts in shaping perceptions and responses to pain.

    **5. Conclusion**

    The concluding theory of pain shapes not notional but real understanding of pain as complex and influenced by many factors, only some of which are physical. Newer research reinforces the need for integrated approaches to pain management, including psychological and social dimensions. Further research on neurobiological bases and diverse experiences of pain will help develop inclusive treatment approaches that meet the requirements of various patients.

    **References:**

    Baker, J. M., Cummings, T. M., & Wiggins, K. (2022). Efficacy of psychological interventions for chronic pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis. _Pain Management_, 12(4), 239-256.

    Batchelor, M. C., Green, J. M., & Patel, M. S. (2022). Longitudinal effectiveness of multidisciplinary approaches in chronic pain management: A follow-up study. _Journal of Pain Research_, 15, 1231-1240.

    Jones, D. E., Roberts, T., & Smith, A. (2023). The influence of social determinants on pain perception: A review of current literature. _Pain Medicine_, 24(1), 33-45.

    McCracken, L. M., & Zhao, Y. (2021). The dynamic vulnerability model of pain: Implications for understanding and treating pain. _Clinical Psychology Review_, 84, 101962.

    Pincus, T., McCracken, L. M., & Horne, J. (2023). Cognitive and emotional contributions to pain perception: A theoretical update. _Pain Reviews_, 12(2), 101-118.

    Schmidt, M. H., Anis, N. A., & Johnson, M. R. (2023). The role of multidisciplinary care in enhancing pain management outcomes. _Journal of Pain_, 24(3), 455-467.

    – 2 years ago

  • [Solved] Create a Reply for a discussion using APA 7 format, and scholarly references no older than 5 years

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    **Please ensure that the reply includes more than 200 words of scholarly articles and that the plagiarism level remains below 20%.** **Theories of Pain Mechanism: A Comprehensive Analysis** **Introduction** Pain has been a subject of scientific inquiry for centuries, with various theories emerging t…

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    **Please ensure that the reply includes more than 200 words of scholarly articles and that the plagiarism level remains below 20%.**

    **Theories of Pain Mechanism: A Comprehensive Analysis**

    **Introduction**

    Pain has been a subject of scientific inquiry for centuries, with various theories emerging to explain its mechanisms and perception. Historically, the earliest theories of pain were rooted in spiritual and supernatural beliefs, wherein pain was seen as a punishment or divine intervention. The ancient Greek physician Hippocrates proposed that pain was related to an imbalance of bodily humors. By the 17th century, René Descartes introduced the specificity theory, suggesting that pain was transmitted via a direct pathway to the brain, akin to a mechanical system. Over time, alternative models emerged, such as the pattern theory in the late 19th century, which proposed that pain perception was determined by the intensity and frequency of nerve signals rather than specific pain pathways. The 20th century marked a significant advancement with the introduction of the gate control theory by Melzack and Wall in 1965, which revolutionized the understanding of pain by incorporating both physiological and psychological factors. These historical foundations have paved the way for modern theories that continue to shape pain management strategies in clinical practice.

    Pain research in the United States has significantly contributed to the understanding and treatment of pain. Institutions such as the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the American Pain Society (APS) have funded extensive research to explore the neurobiological, psychological, and social aspects of pain. The establishment of the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) has further promoted interdisciplinary collaboration, leading to evidence-based pain management approaches widely adopted in clinical settings across the U.S.

    **Analysis of the Underpinning for the Theory of Pain**

    The theoretical foundation of pain mechanisms has been extensively analyzed to develop a comprehensive understanding of how pain is perceived and processed. The specificity theory, though simplistic, laid the groundwork for later explorations into the neurophysiological aspects of pain. The pattern theory challenged this notion by emphasizing the role of neural impulses and their cumulative effects. However, the most significant contribution came from the gate control theory, which introduced the concept of a gating mechanism in the spinal cord that modulates pain signals before they reach the brain. This theory integrated neurophysiological and psychological components, highlighting the influence of cognitive and emotional factors on pain perception. Subsequent research expanded on this model, leading to the development of the neuromatrix theory of pain, which posits that pain is a multidimensional experience influenced by genetic, psychological, and sensory inputs. These theoretical advancements have provided a robust framework for understanding pain, forming the basis for modern pain management approaches.

    Recent studies in the U.S. have explored the role of central sensitization in chronic pain conditions, such as fibromyalgia and neuropathic pain, indicating that prolonged nociceptive input can lead to long-term changes in pain processing pathways (Cruz-Almeida et al., 2020). Functional MRI studies conducted at the University of Michigan have demonstrated altered pain perception in patients with chronic pain syndromes, reinforcing the neuromatrix model (Loggia et al., 2021). These findings highlight the evolving nature of pain research and its clinical implications.

    **Theoretical or Background Work Supporting the Formation of Pain Theory**

    Numerous studies have contributed to the refinement and expansion of pain theories. The work of Wall and Melzack on gate control theory remains one of the most influential contributions, demonstrating that pain is not merely a direct response to injury but is modulated by the central nervous system. Subsequent research in the field of neuroplasticity has shown that chronic pain conditions are associated with changes in brain structure and function. Advances in functional imaging techniques have provided empirical evidence for the neuromatrix theory, revealing how different brain regions interact to generate the experience of pain. Additionally, psychological theories, such as the biopsychosocial model, emphasize the interplay between biological, psychological, and social factors in pain perception. These foundational works have significantly influenced the development of contemporary pain management strategies, including multimodal approaches that integrate pharmacological, psychological, and physical therapies.

    I           n the United States, researchers at Johns Hopkins University have investigated the impact of genetic factors on pain perception, demonstrating that variations in certain genes, such as COMT, influence an individual’s pain sensitivity and response to analgesics (Smith et al., 2020). Additionally, the Mayo Clinic has conducted extensive research on non-opioid pain management strategies, leading to the development of alternative therapies such as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) for chronic pain conditions (Johnson et al., 2019). These studies provide crucial insights into personalized pain management and reinforce the importance of integrating biological, psychological, and social factors into pain treatment models.

    **Applications of the Theory of Pain**

    The evolution of pain theories has had profound implications for clinical practice. The gate control and neuromatrix theories have led to the development of targeted interventions that address both the physiological and psychological components of pain.

    One practical application is cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), which has been widely adopted in clinical settings to help patients manage chronic pain by modifying maladaptive thought patterns. CBT has been extensively studied in U.S. healthcare settings, particularly in pain management programs, demonstrating significant reductions in pain-related distress and disability (Turner et al., 2020).

    Pharmacological treatments have also been guided by pain theories. The understanding of pain pathways and neurotransmitter systems has led to the development of opioid and non-opioid analgesics. The CDC has implemented guidelines to regulate opioid prescribing to reduce addiction risks while ensuring adequate pain relief for patients (Dowell et al., 2022).

    Interventional pain management techniques, such as spinal cord stimulation (SCS), have emerged based on neurophysiological insights from pain theories. Research conducted at the Cleveland Clinic has shown that SCS effectively reduces chronic pain by modulating pain signals at the spinal cord level (Deer et al., 2021).

    Additionally, the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) has integrated multimodal pain management programs, incorporating mindfulness-based stress reduction, acupuncture, and exercise therapy as part of comprehensive care for veterans suffering from chronic pain (Kerns et al., 2021). These initiatives illustrate how pain theories inform national healthcare policies and clinical practices.

    **Suggestions for Additional Research**

    Despite significant progress in understanding pain mechanisms, there remain gaps in knowledge that warrant further investigation. One crucial area is the development of personalized pain management approaches based on genetic and biomarker profiling. Research into the role of neuroinflammation in chronic pain conditions could lead to novel therapeutic targets. Additionally, the impact of psychological and social determinants on pain perception needs further exploration to refine holistic treatment models. Advances in artificial intelligence and machine learning offer opportunities to develop predictive models for pain assessment and management. Moreover, the long-term effects of opioid use and alternative pain relief strategies, such as medical cannabis and neuromodulation techniques, require rigorous clinical trials to establish efficacy and safety. Addressing these research gaps will contribute to a more comprehensive and effective approach to pain management.

    **Conclusion**

    Theories of pain have evolved significantly, from early mechanistic explanations to complex multidimensional models incorporating physiological, psychological, and social factors. The gate control and neuromatrix theories have been instrumental in shaping modern pain management practices, leading to innovative therapeutic interventions. Ongoing research continues to refine these theories, with emerging evidence pointing to the importance of genetic, neuroinflammatory, and psychological influences on pain perception. Future studies should focus on personalized pain management, novel treatment modalities, and the integration of advanced technologies to enhance patient care. By building on the foundational work of past researchers and exploring new frontiers, the field of pain management can continue to advance, improving quality of life for individuals experiencing pain.

    **References**

    Cruz-Almeida, Y., Cole, J., Mun, C. J., & Sibille, K. T. (2020). Pain-related alterations in brain structure and function: implications for chronic pain diagnosis and treatment. _The Journal of Pain_, _21_(1-2), 25-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2019.06.010

    Johnson, M. I., Paley, C. A., Howe, T. E., & Sluka, K. A. (2019). Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for acute and chronic pain. _Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews_, _2019_(3), CD003222. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD003222.pub4

    Kerns, R. D., Rosenberger, P. H., & Adams, M. H. (2021). Veterans’ perspectives on chronic pain management in the Veterans Health Administration: A focus on multimodal care. _Pain Medicine_, _22_(4), 892-903. https://doi.org/10.1093/pm/pnaa409

    Loggia, M. L., Berna, C., Kim, J., Cahalan, C. M., Gollub, R. L., & Napadow, V. (2021). Disrupted brain connectivity in chronic pain: Insights from neuroimaging. _Journal of Neuroscience Research_, _99_(3), 720-735. https://doi.org/10.1002/jnr.24685

    Smith, S. B., Mir, E., Bair, E., Slade, G. D., & Fillingim, R. B. (2020). Genetic and epigenetic factors in pain sensitivity and chronic pain conditions. _Pain_, _161_(4), 711-732. https://doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001764

    U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022). CDC guideline for prescribing opioids for chronic pain — United States, 2022. _Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR)_, _71_(4), 1-34. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.rr7104a1

    – 2 years ago

  • [Solved] Due 12 hours

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    Work attach below – 2 years ago **files (1)** – ## 4045week3instructions.docx **## 4045week3instructions.docx** _Review the technologies presented in the “Sentinel U: Telehealth Nursing Series Medical/Surgical: Lynn Tan” activity. There are 3 patients listed under “Cases”. Pick one case and select O…

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    Assignment Prompt & Instructions

    Work attach below

    – 2 years ago

    **files (1)**

    – ## 4045week3instructions.docx

    **## 4045week3instructions.docx**

    _Review the technologies presented in the “Sentinel U: Telehealth Nursing Series Medical/Surgical: Lynn Tan” activity. There are 3 patients listed under “Cases”. Pick one case and select ONE of the technology options used in the SIM to use as the focus for this assessment._
    _**The SIM report must demonstrate 100% complete.** You will upload the completed SIM report with your assignment._

    **Patient : William Townsend**

    **Technology: Insulin Pump**

    Next prepare a 4–6 page paper in which you introduce your selected technology and describe at least five peer-reviewed publications that promote the use of your selected technology to enhance quality and safety standards in nursing. You will conclude your paper by summarizing why you recommend a particular technology by underscoring the evidence-based resources you presented. Be sure that your paper includes all of the following elements:

    ·
    **Introduction to the Selected Technology Topic**

    · What is your rationale for selecting this particular technology topic? What is interesting about it?

    · What research process did you employ?

    · Which databases did you use?

    · Which search terms did you use?

    ·
    **Note:** In this section of your bibliography, you may use first-person since you are asked to describe your rationale for selecting the topic and the research strategies you employed. Use third person in the rest of the bibliography, however.

    ·
    **Annotation Elements**

    · For each resource, include the full reference followed by the annotation.

    · Explain the focus of the research or review article you chose.

    · Provide a summary overview of the publication.

    · According to this source, what is the impact of this technology on patient safety and quality of care?

    · According to this source, what is the relevance of this technology to nursing practice and the work of the interdisciplinary health care team?

    · Why did you select this publication to write about out of the many possible options? In other words, make the case as to why this resource is important for health care practitioners to read.

    ·
    **Artificial Intelligence (AI)**

    · How can AI be used with your chosen technology to improve patient care, nursing workflow, or efficient healthcare delivery. Be sure one of your journal articles supports this.

    ·
    **Summary of Recommendation**

    · How would you tie together, or integrate, the key learnings from each of the five publications you examined?

    · Describe which organizational factors influence the selection of a technology in a health care setting? Consider such factors as organizational policies, resources, culture/social norms, commitment, training programs, and/or employee empowerment.

    · How would you justify the implementation and use of the technology in a health care setting? This is the section where you will justify (prove) that the implementation of the
    patient care technology is appropriate or not. The evidence should be cited from the literature that was noted in the annotated bibliography.

    · Consider the impact of the technology on the health care organization, patientcare/satisfaction, and interdisciplinary team productivity, satisfaction, and retention.

    **## 4045week3instructions.docx**

    _Review the technologies presented in the “Sentinel U: Telehealth Nursing Series Medical/Surgical: Lynn Tan” activity. There are 3 patients listed under “Cases”. Pick one case and select ONE of the technology options used in the SIM to use as the focus for this assessment._
    _**The SIM report must demonstrate 100% complete.** You will upload the completed SIM report with your assignment._

    **Patient : William Townsend**

    **Technology: Insulin Pump**

    Next prepare a 4–6 page paper in which you introduce your selected technology and describe at least five peer-reviewed publications that promote the use of your selected technology to enhance quality and safety standards in nursing. You will conclude your paper by summarizing why you recommend a particular technology by underscoring the evidence-based resources you presented. Be sure that your paper includes all of the following elements:

    ·
    **Introduction to the Selected Technology Topic**

    · What is your rationale for selecting this particular technology topic? What is interesting about it?

    · What research process did you employ?

    · Which databases did you use?

    · Which search terms did you use?

    ·
    **Note:** In this section of your bibliography, you may use first-person since you are asked to describe your rationale for selecting the topic and the research strategies you employed. Use third person in the rest of the bibliography, however.

    ·
    **Annotation Elements**

    · For each resource, include the full reference followed by the annotation.

    · Explain the focus of the research or review article you chose.

    · Provide a summary overview of the publication.

    · According to this source, what is the impact of this technology on patient safety and quality of care?

    · According to this source, what is the relevance of this technology to nursing practice and the work of the interdisciplinary health care team?

    · Why did you select this publication to write about out of the many possible options? In other words, make the case as to why this resource is important for health care practitioners to read.

    ·
    **Artificial Intelligence (AI)**

    · How can AI be used with your chosen technology to improve patient care, nursing workflow, or efficient healthcare delivery. Be sure one of your journal articles supports this.

    ·
    **Summary of Recommendation**

    · How would you tie together, or integrate, the key learnings from each of the five publications you examined?

    · Describe which organizational factors influence the selection of a technology in a health care setting? Consider such factors as organizational policies, resources, culture/social norms, commitment, training programs, and/or employee empowerment.

    · How would you justify the implementation and use of the technology in a health care setting? This is the section where you will justify (prove) that the implementation of the
    patient care technology is appropriate or not. The evidence should be cited from the literature that was noted in the annotated bibliography.

    · Consider the impact of the technology on the health care organization, patientcare/satisfaction, and interdisciplinary team productivity, satisfaction, and retention.

  • [Solved] Health Assessment 1

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    – 2 years ago **files (1)** – ## HealthAssessment1.docx **## HealthAssessment1.docx** For this Discussion, you will take on the role of a clinician who is building a health history for one of the following cases. Your instructor will assign you your case number. · 16-year-old white pregnant teenager…

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    – 2 years ago

    **files (1)**

    – ## HealthAssessment1.docx

    **## HealthAssessment1.docx**

    For this Discussion, you will take on the role of a clinician who is building a health history for one of the following cases. Your instructor will assign you your case number.

    · 16-year-old white pregnant teenager living in an inner-city neighborhood.

    · 35-year-old transgender white male living in a homeless shelter.

    **What are the barriers to interpersonal communication?**

    **What are the procedures and examination techniques that will be used during the physical exam of your patient?**

    **Describe the Subjective, Objective, Assessment, Planning (S.O.A.P.) approach for documenting patient data and explain what they are.**

    **500 words, APA style, 2 resources**

    **## HealthAssessment1.docx**

    For this Discussion, you will take on the role of a clinician who is building a health history for one of the following cases. Your instructor will assign you your case number.

    · 16-year-old white pregnant teenager living in an inner-city neighborhood.

    · 35-year-old transgender white male living in a homeless shelter.

    **What are the barriers to interpersonal communication?**

    **What are the procedures and examination techniques that will be used during the physical exam of your patient?**

    **Describe the Subjective, Objective, Assessment, Planning (S.O.A.P.) approach for documenting patient data and explain what they are.**

    **500 words, APA style, 2 resources**

  • [Solved] week 3 ass

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    In-depth study guidance and analytical solution covering week 3 ass.

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    Full assignment prompt and step-by-step guidance are included in the downloadable solution file.

  • [Solved] week 3

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    Legislative efforts in both the Federal and State domains serve as guidelines for all levels of health policy; from Federal regulations that impact all people in the United States, all the way down to the bedside. Bedside nursing practice is regulated by each State via their State Nurse Practice Act…

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    Legislative efforts in both the Federal and State domains serve as guidelines for all levels of health policy; from Federal regulations that impact all people in the United States, all the way down to the bedside.  Bedside nursing practice is regulated by each State via their State Nurse Practice Act (NPA) which often includes a separate _Rules and Regulations_ document.

    In this discussion, you will explore your State's Nurse Practice act.

    Find your state’s NPA using this site: [NCSBN’s Find Your Nurse Practice Act webpageLinks to an external site.](https://www.ncsbn.org/npa)

    In your initial discussion response, please address the following:

    1. Your state
    2. Professions included in your State's NPA.
    3. Compare scope of LPN vs. RN vs. APRN. What are the limitations of each?
    4. Rules for the Board of Nursing
    5. Delegation as described in the NPA
    6. Continuing Education Requirements.
    7. Reflect:
    1. What is something you learned while exploring your State's NPA?
    2. Is the scope, as stated in the NPA, for an RN adequately integrated in your nursing model of care at your institution? If yes, how? If no, what are the steps for aligning the NPA and the nursing structure at your facility?

    https://www.ncsbn.org/npa

    – 2 years ago

  • [Solved] ARTICLE

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    and select a relevant research article. – 2 years ago **files (2)** – ## PADLET_Assignment_One.docx – ## NUR639LGBTQ_PWPOINT.pptx **## PADLET_Assignment_One.docx** **Purpose** **_:_** Review the LGBTQ PowerPoint, select a relevant research article, write a summary, post it on Padlet, and respon…

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    Assignment Prompt & Instructions

    and select a relevant research article.

    – 2 years ago

    **files (2)**

    – ## PADLET_Assignment_One.docx

    – ## NUR639LGBTQ_PWPOINT.pptx

    **## PADLET_Assignment_One.docx**

    **Purpose**
    **_:_** Review the LGBTQ PowerPoint, select a relevant research article, write a summary, post it on Padlet, and respond to at least one classmate's post.

    · Review the LGBTQ PowerPoint and select a research article relevant to the topic.

    ·

    · Write a summary of the article.

    This is just a sample; don’t use these medications. NOTE:
    **Pharmacology interventions MUST BE IN THIS FORMAT**

    Ciprofloxacin (Cipro) 500 mg tablet orally every 12hrs for seven days

    Acetaminophen 650 mg tablet orally every 4-6 hours as needed.

    Ondansetron (Zofran) 8 mg tablet orally every 12 hours as needed for seven days.

    **APA FORMAT, AND REFERENCES, peer review scholarly resource cited in APA format from 2020-2025 only. (Within the last five years)**

    **Please do not solely use a website as your scholarly reference. It is fine to use it as a supplement, but a journal article or text should be referenced.**

    **Please use North American peer-reviewed journals ONLY.**

    **DO NOT use any European Journal**

    Please use reliable medical references such as the Current Medical Diagnosis and Treatment book or UpToDate. Do not use WebMD, Wikipedia, etc., as these are not advanced practice references.

    APA format (if using outside sources).

    **## NUR639LGBTQ_PWPOINT.pptx**

    Culturally Sensitive Care in Women’s Health
    Diane Stonemetz, DNP, WHNP-BC, ANP

    [This Photo](https://www.peoplematters.in/news/compensation-benefits/swiggys-new-childcare-and-parenthood-policy-to-benefit-lgbtq-parents-24603) by Unknown Author is licensed under
    [CC BY-SA-NC](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/)

    Age, Race,
    Appearance, Weight, Religion, sexual orientation, LGBTQ+…

    [This Photo](https://michcafe.blogspot.com/2013/03/march-8-womens-rights-non-negotiable.html) by Unknown Author is licensed under
    [CC BY-SA-NC](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/)

    Implicit Bias

    We have a bias when, rather than being neutral, we have a preference for (or aversion to) a person or group of people. Thus, we use the term “implicit bias” to describe when we have attitudes towards people or associate stereotypes with them without our conscious knowledge.

    Much of this is “learned or inherited” by our own experiences or our parents expressions of these biases. If you grew up hearing that a certain group of individuals were whatever…(insert bias) you may subconsciously carry this bias into adulthood.

    In order to provide culturally sensitive care, we must examine our own feelings toward certain individuals or groups of individuals and work to eliminate these biases. Many such biases result in healthcare disparities.

    Culturally sensitive health care
    begins……with you!

    Every healthcare provider needs to make an effort to understand the population he or she is caring for. Learn about different cultures and lifestyles. You need to identify your implicit biases to provide equitable, comfortable and compassionate care.

    [This Photo](http://tiie.w3.uvm.edu/blog/can-virtual-reality-teach-empathy/) by Unknown Author is licensed under
    [CC BY-SA-NC](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/)

    Things to consider in your
    healthcare setting specific to the LGBTQ+ Community

    Is the setting welcoming and inclusive?

    Offer gender neutral restrooms?

    Are patients being asked their preferred pronouns or names?

    Have you considered what your biases are toward this community?

    Are posters, pamphlets, and other reading materials inclusive?

    Have staff received any specific or general inclusivity training?

    LGBTQ+ population
    Terms and definitions

    Cisgender – A person whose gender identity matches their gender assigned at birth (does not equal heterosexual)

    Sexual Orientation – A person’s sexual identity in relation to the gender to which they are attracted ie: heterosexual (opposite sex), homosexual (same sex) or bisexual (both).

    Gender Identity – A person’s internal sense of self and how they fit into the world (may or may not match gender assigned at birth)

    Lesbian – A woman whose primary sexual and affectional orientation is toward people of the same gender

    Pansexual – Can be attracted to any sex or gender or can be referred to as omnisexuals or as being gender blind

    [This Photo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pride_parade) by Unknown Author is licensed under
    [CC BY-SA](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/)

    Terms and definitions (cont.)

    Gay – A sexual and affectional orientation toward people of same gender (includes both male and females)

    Transgender – A person whose gender identity differs from the sex that was assigned at birth

    Transgender female/woman – Someone with female gender identity and a male sex assigned at birth

    Transgender male/man – Someone with male gender identity and a female sex assigned at birth

    Queer – Not a universally accepted term even within the LGBTQ+ community (may be interchangeable with gay)

    [This Photo](http://ux.stackexchange.com/questions/104809/how-to-include-a-visual-for-gender-option-other-without-being-offensive) by Unknown Author is licensed under
    [CC BY-SA](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/)

    Some numbers to think about

    9 million LGBTQ+

    650,000 same sex couples

    Adults who identify as LGBTQ+ =4.5%

    Suicide is leading cause of death

    30% of gay youth attempt suicide

    20% of homeless youth are LGBTQ

    61% of bisexual women report rape

    Mitchell, A. (2021)

    [This Photo](http://myjourneywithdepression.wordpress.com/2013/09/10/world-suicide-prevention-day-dearest-samantha) by Unknown Author is licensed under
    [CC BY-ND](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/)

    Caring for the Individual

    Women who only have sex with women do not need to discuss contraception, but do need STD screening.

    Transgender men who still have female anatomy need the same screening as cisgender females i.e.: pap smears, STD testing, pelvic exams, breast exams but may be reluctant to do so.

    Transgender females who are transitioning may be taking estrogen which increases risks associated with this including DVT, MI, CVA and need a breast exam.

    Asking about the types of sexual activity the individual may be engaging in will direct your screening.

    Why is this important????

    As you enter the workforce as an Advanced Practice Provider, you want to be part of the solution rather than perpetuating the problem of the health care disparities among various populations.

    Regardless of the differences between you and your patient whether it be race, religion, languages spoken, sexual identity and or preferences, you need to educate yourself regarding the patient’s needs to be able to provide the best health care.

    Work to identify and eliminate your own biases.

    Strive to make your healthcare setting a JUDGEMENT FREE ZONE!

    [This Photo](https://www.curationist.org/collection/gay-pride-parade-is-a-protest/) by Unknown Author is licensed under
    [CC BY-SA](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/)

    Your Assignment:

    Find a recent nursing or medical journal article that discusses health care specific to the LGBTQ community. Focus specifically in regard to Women’s Health which may include any number of the previously defined individuals. Write a 1-2 page summary of this article and include your own observations or opinions about what we as APPs can do to be more inclusive and culturally sensitive. Include your reference(s) with your paper.

    [This Photo](https://www.picpedia.org/post-it-note/a/assignment-writing.html) by Unknown Author is licensed under
    [CC BY-SA](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/)

    ## media1.m4a

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    **## NUR639LGBTQ_PWPOINT.pptx**

    Culturally Sensitive Care in Women’s Health
    Diane Stonemetz, DNP, WHNP-BC, ANP

    [This Photo](https://www.peoplematters.in/news/compensation-benefits/swiggys-new-childcare-and-parenthood-policy-to-benefit-lgbtq-parents-24603) by Unknown Author is licensed under
    [CC BY-SA-NC](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/)

    Age, Race,
    Appearance, Weight, Religion, sexual orientation, LGBTQ+…

    [This Photo](https://michcafe.blogspot.com/2013/03/march-8-womens-rights-non-negotiable.html) by Unknown Author is licensed under
    [CC BY-SA-NC](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/)

    Implicit Bias

    We have a bias when, rather than being neutral, we have a preference for (or aversion to) a person or group of people. Thus, we use the term “implicit bias” to describe when we have attitudes towards people or associate stereotypes with them without our conscious knowledge.

    Much of this is “learned or inherited” by our own experiences or our parents expressions of these biases. If you grew up hearing that a certain group of individuals were whatever…(insert bias) you may subconsciously carry this bias into adulthood.

    In order to provide culturally sensitive care, we must examine our own feelings toward certain individuals or groups of individuals and work to eliminate these biases. Many such biases result in healthcare disparities.

    Culturally sensitive health care
    begins……with you!

    Every healthcare provider needs to make an effort to understand the population he or she is caring for. Learn about different cultures and lifestyles. You need to identify your implicit biases to provide equitable, comfortable and compassionate care.

    [This Photo](http://tiie.w3.uvm.edu/blog/can-virtual-reality-teach-empathy/) by Unknown Author is licensed under
    [CC BY-SA-NC](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/)

    Things to consider in your
    healthcare setting specific to the LGBTQ+ Community

    Is the setting welcoming and inclusive?

    Offer gender neutral restrooms?

    Are patients being asked their preferred pronouns or names?

    Have you considered what your biases are toward this community?

    Are posters, pamphlets, and other reading materials inclusive?

    Have staff received any specific or general inclusivity training?

    LGBTQ+ population
    Terms and definitions

    Cisgender – A person whose gender identity matches their gender assigned at birth (does not equal heterosexual)

    Sexual Orientation – A person’s sexual identity in relation to the gender to which they are attracted ie: heterosexual (opposite sex), homosexual (same sex) or bisexual (both).

    Gender Identity – A person’s internal sense of self and how they fit into the world (may or may not match gender assigned at birth)

    Lesbian – A woman whose primary sexual and affectional orientation is toward people of the same gender

    Pansexual – Can be attracted to any sex or gender or can be referred to as omnisexuals or as being gender blind

    [This Photo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pride_parade) by Unknown Author is licensed under
    [CC BY-SA](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/)

    Terms and definitions (cont.)

    Gay – A sexual and affectional orientation toward people of same gender (includes both male and females)

    Transgender – A person whose gender identity differs from the sex that was assigned at birth

    Transgender female/woman – Someone with female gender identity and a male sex assigned at birth

    Transgender male/man – Someone with male gender identity and a female sex assigned at birth

    Queer – Not a universally accepted term even within the LGBTQ+ community (may be interchangeable with gay)

    [This Photo](http://ux.stackexchange.com/questions/104809/how-to-include-a-visual-for-gender-option-other-without-being-offensive) by Unknown Author is licensed under
    [CC BY-SA](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/)

    Some numbers to think about

    9 million LGBTQ+

    650,000 same sex couples

    Adults who identify as LGBTQ+ =4.5%

    Suicide is leading cause of death

    30% of gay youth attempt suicide

    20% of homeless youth are LGBTQ

    61% of bisexual women report rape

    Mitchell, A. (2021)

    [This Photo](http://myjourneywithdepression.wordpress.com/2013/09/10/world-suicide-prevention-day-dearest-samantha) by Unknown Author is licensed under
    [CC BY-ND](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/)

    Caring for the Individual

    Women who only have sex with women do not need to discuss contraception, but do need STD screening.

    Transgender men who still have female anatomy need the same screening as cisgender females i.e.: pap smears, STD testing, pelvic exams, breast exams but may be reluctant to do so.

    Transgender females who are transitioning may be taking estrogen which increases risks associated with this including DVT, MI, CVA and need a breast exam.

    Asking about the types of sexual activity the individual may be engaging in will direct your screening.

    Why is this important????

    As you enter the workforce as an Advanced Practice Provider, you want to be part of the solution rather than perpetuating the problem of the health care disparities among various populations.

    Regardless of the differences between you and your patient whether it be race, religion, languages spoken, sexual identity and or preferences, you need to educate yourself regarding the patient’s needs to be able to provide the best health care.

    Work to identify and eliminate your own biases.

    Strive to make your healthcare setting a JUDGEMENT FREE ZONE!

    [This Photo](https://www.curationist.org/collection/gay-pride-parade-is-a-protest/) by Unknown Author is licensed under
    [CC BY-SA](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/)

    Your Assignment:

    Find a recent nursing or medical journal article that discusses health care specific to the LGBTQ community. Focus specifically in regard to Women’s Health which may include any number of the previously defined individuals. Write a 1-2 page summary of this article and include your own observations or opinions about what we as APPs can do to be more inclusive and culturally sensitive. Include your reference(s) with your paper.

    [This Photo](https://www.picpedia.org/post-it-note/a/assignment-writing.html) by Unknown Author is licensed under
    [CC BY-SA](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/)

    ## media1.m4a

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    ## media2.m4a

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    **## PADLET_Assignment_One.docx**

    **Purpose**
    **_:_** Review the LGBTQ PowerPoint, select a relevant research article, write a summary, post it on Padlet, and respond to at least one classmate's post.

    · Review the LGBTQ PowerPoint and select a research article relevant to the topic.

    ·

    · Write a summary of the article.

    This is just a sample; don’t use these medications. NOTE:
    **Pharmacology interventions MUST BE IN THIS FORMAT**

    Ciprofloxacin (Cipro) 500 mg tablet orally every 12hrs for seven days

    Acetaminophen 650 mg tablet orally every 4-6 hours as needed.

    Ondansetron (Zofran) 8 mg tablet orally every 12 hours as needed for seven days.

    **APA FORMAT, AND REFERENCES, peer review scholarly resource cited in APA format from 2020-2025 only. (Within the last five years)**

    **Please do not solely use a website as your scholarly reference. It is fine to use it as a supplement, but a journal article or text should be referenced.**

    **Please use North American peer-reviewed journals ONLY.**

    **DO NOT use any European Journal**

    Please use reliable medical references such as the Current Medical Diagnosis and Treatment book or UpToDate. Do not use WebMD, Wikipedia, etc., as these are not advanced practice references.

    APA format (if using outside sources).

    **## NUR639LGBTQ_PWPOINT.pptx**

    Culturally Sensitive Care in Women’s Health
    Diane Stonemetz, DNP, WHNP-BC, ANP

    [This Photo](https://www.peoplematters.in/news/compensation-benefits/swiggys-new-childcare-and-parenthood-policy-to-benefit-lgbtq-parents-24603) by Unknown Author is licensed under
    [CC BY-SA-NC](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/)

    Age, Race,
    Appearance, Weight, Religion, sexual orientation, LGBTQ+…

    [This Photo](https://michcafe.blogspot.com/2013/03/march-8-womens-rights-non-negotiable.html) by Unknown Author is licensed under
    [CC BY-SA-NC](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/)

    Implicit Bias

    We have a bias when, rather than being neutral, we have a preference for (or aversion to) a person or group of people. Thus, we use the term “implicit bias” to describe when we have attitudes towards people or associate stereotypes with them without our conscious knowledge.

    Much of this is “learned or inherited” by our own experiences or our parents expressions of these biases. If you grew up hearing that a certain group of individuals were whatever…(insert bias) you may subconsciously carry this bias into adulthood.

    In order to provide culturally sensitive care, we must examine our own feelings toward certain individuals or groups of individuals and work to eliminate these biases. Many such biases result in healthcare disparities.

    Culturally sensitive health care
    begins……with you!

    Every healthcare provider needs to make an effort to understand the population he or she is caring for. Learn about different cultures and lifestyles. You need to identify your implicit biases to provide equitable, comfortable and compassionate care.

    [This Photo](http://tiie.w3.uvm.edu/blog/can-virtual-reality-teach-empathy/) by Unknown Author is licensed under
    [CC BY-SA-NC](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/)

    Things to consider in your
    healthcare setting specific to the LGBTQ+ Community

    Is the setting welcoming and inclusive?

    Offer gender neutral restrooms?

    Are patients being asked their preferred pronouns or names?

    Have you considered what your biases are toward this community?

    Are posters, pamphlets, and other reading materials inclusive?

    Have staff received any specific or general inclusivity training?

    LGBTQ+ population
    Terms and definitions

    Cisgender – A person whose gender identity matches their gender assigned at birth (does not equal heterosexual)

    Sexual Orientation – A person’s sexual identity in relation to the gender to which they are attracted ie: heterosexual (opposite sex), homosexual (same sex) or bisexual (both).

    Gender Identity – A person’s internal sense of self and how they fit into the world (may or may not match gender assigned at birth)

    Lesbian – A woman whose primary sexual and affectional orientation is toward people of the same gender

    Pansexual – Can be attracted to any sex or gender or can be referred to as omnisexuals or as being gender blind

    [This Photo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pride_parade) by Unknown Author is licensed under
    [CC BY-SA](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/)

    Terms and definitions (cont.)

    Gay – A sexual and affectional orientation toward people of same gender (includes both male and females)

    Transgender – A person whose gender identity differs from the sex that was assigned at birth

    Transgender female/woman – Someone with female gender identity and a male sex assigned at birth

    Transgender male/man – Someone with male gender identity and a female sex assigned at birth

    Queer – Not a universally accepted term even within the LGBTQ+ community (may be interchangeable with gay)

    [This Photo](http://ux.stackexchange.com/questions/104809/how-to-include-a-visual-for-gender-option-other-without-being-offensive) by Unknown Author is licensed under
    [CC BY-SA](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/)

    Some numbers to think about

    9 million LGBTQ+

    650,000 same sex couples

    Adults who identify as LGBTQ+ =4.5%

    Suicide is leading cause of death

    30% of gay youth attempt suicide

    20% of homeless youth are LGBTQ

    61% of bisexual women report rape

    Mitchell, A. (2021)

    [This Photo](http://myjourneywithdepression.wordpress.com/2013/09/10/world-suicide-prevention-day-dearest-samantha) by Unknown Author is licensed under
    [CC BY-ND](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/)

    Caring for the Individual

    Women who only have sex with women do not need to discuss contraception, but do need STD screening.

    Transgender men who still have female anatomy need the same screening as cisgender females i.e.: pap smears, STD testing, pelvic exams, breast exams but may be reluctant to do so.

    Transgender females who are transitioning may be taking estrogen which increases risks associated with this including DVT, MI, CVA and need a breast exam.

    Asking about the types of sexual activity the individual may be engaging in will direct your screening.

    Why is this important????

    As you enter the workforce as an Advanced Practice Provider, you want to be part of the solution rather than perpetuating the problem of the health care disparities among various populations.

    Regardless of the differences between you and your patient whether it be race, religion, languages spoken, sexual identity and or preferences, you need to educate yourself regarding the patient’s needs to be able to provide the best health care.

    Work to identify and eliminate your own biases.

    Strive to make your healthcare setting a JUDGEMENT FREE ZONE!

    [This Photo](https://www.curationist.org/collection/gay-pride-parade-is-a-protest/) by Unknown Author is licensed under
    [CC BY-SA](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/)

    Your Assignment:

    Find a recent nursing or medical journal article that discusses health care specific to the LGBTQ community. Focus specifically in regard to Women’s Health which may include any number of the previously defined individuals. Write a 1-2 page summary of this article and include your own observations or opinions about what we as APPs can do to be more inclusive and culturally sensitive. Include your reference(s) with your paper.

    [This Photo](https://www.picpedia.org/post-it-note/a/assignment-writing.html) by Unknown Author is licensed under
    [CC BY-SA](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/)

    ## media1.m4a

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    ## image3.png

    ## media2.m4a

    ## image4.jpg

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    ## media4.m4a

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    **## PADLET_Assignment_One.docx**

    **Purpose**
    **_:_** Review the LGBTQ PowerPoint, select a relevant research article, write a summary, post it on Padlet, and respond to at least one classmate's post.

    · Review the LGBTQ PowerPoint and select a research article relevant to the topic.

    ·

    · Write a summary of the article.

    This is just a sample; don’t use these medications. NOTE:
    **Pharmacology interventions MUST BE IN THIS FORMAT**

    Ciprofloxacin (Cipro) 500 mg tablet orally every 12hrs for seven days

    Acetaminophen 650 mg tablet orally every 4-6 hours as needed.

    Ondansetron (Zofran) 8 mg tablet orally every 12 hours as needed for seven days.

    **APA FORMAT, AND REFERENCES, peer review scholarly resource cited in APA format from 2020-2025 only. (Within the last five years)**

    **Please do not solely use a website as your scholarly reference. It is fine to use it as a supplement, but a journal article or text should be referenced.**

    **Please use North American peer-reviewed journals ONLY.**

    **DO NOT use any European Journal**

    Please use reliable medical references such as the Current Medical Diagnosis and Treatment book or UpToDate. Do not use WebMD, Wikipedia, etc., as these are not advanced practice references.

    APA format (if using outside sources).

    **## NUR639LGBTQ_PWPOINT.pptx**

    Culturally Sensitive Care in Women’s Health
    Diane Stonemetz, DNP, WHNP-BC, ANP

    [This Photo](https://www.peoplematters.in/news/compensation-benefits/swiggys-new-childcare-and-parenthood-policy-to-benefit-lgbtq-parents-24603) by Unknown Author is licensed under
    [CC BY-SA-NC](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/)

    Age, Race,
    Appearance, Weight, Religion, sexual orientation, LGBTQ+…

    [This Photo](https://michcafe.blogspot.com/2013/03/march-8-womens-rights-non-negotiable.html) by Unknown Author is licensed under
    [CC BY-SA-NC](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/)

    Implicit Bias

    We have a bias when, rather than being neutral, we have a preference for (or aversion to) a person or group of people. Thus, we use the term “implicit bias” to describe when we have attitudes towards people or associate stereotypes with them without our conscious knowledge.

    Much of this is “learned or inherited” by our own experiences or our parents expressions of these biases. If you grew up hearing that a certain group of individuals were whatever…(insert bias) you may subconsciously carry this bias into adulthood.

    In order to provide culturally sensitive care, we must examine our own feelings toward certain individuals or groups of individuals and work to eliminate these biases. Many such biases result in healthcare disparities.

    Culturally sensitive health care
    begins……with you!

    Every healthcare provider needs to make an effort to understand the population he or she is caring for. Learn about different cultures and lifestyles. You need to identify your implicit biases to provide equitable, comfortable and compassionate care.

    [This Photo](http://tiie.w3.uvm.edu/blog/can-virtual-reality-teach-empathy/) by Unknown Author is licensed under
    [CC BY-SA-NC](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/)

    Things to consider in your
    healthcare setting specific to the LGBTQ+ Community

    Is the setting welcoming and inclusive?

    Offer gender neutral restrooms?

    Are patients being asked their preferred pronouns or names?

    Have you considered what your biases are toward this community?

    Are posters, pamphlets, and other reading materials inclusive?

    Have staff received any specific or general inclusivity training?

    LGBTQ+ population
    Terms and definitions

    Cisgender – A person whose gender identity matches their gender assigned at birth (does not equal heterosexual)

    Sexual Orientation – A person’s sexual identity in relation to the gender to which they are attracted ie: heterosexual (opposite sex), homosexual (same sex) or bisexual (both).

    Gender Identity – A person’s internal sense of self and how they fit into the world (may or may not match gender assigned at birth)

    Lesbian – A woman whose primary sexual and affectional orientation is toward people of the same gender

    Pansexual – Can be attracted to any sex or gender or can be referred to as omnisexuals or as being gender blind

    [This Photo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pride_parade) by Unknown Author is licensed under
    [CC BY-SA](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/)

    Terms and definitions (cont.)

    Gay – A sexual and affectional orientation toward people of same gender (includes both male and females)

    Transgender – A person whose gender identity differs from the sex that was assigned at birth

    Transgender female/woman – Someone with female gender identity and a male sex assigned at birth

    Transgender male/man – Someone with male gender identity and a female sex assigned at birth

    Queer – Not a universally accepted term even within the LGBTQ+ community (may be interchangeable with gay)

    [This Photo](http://ux.stackexchange.com/questions/104809/how-to-include-a-visual-for-gender-option-other-without-being-offensive) by Unknown Author is licensed under
    [CC BY-SA](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/)

    Some numbers to think about

    9 million LGBTQ+

    650,000 same sex couples

    Adults who identify as LGBTQ+ =4.5%

    Suicide is leading cause of death

    30% of gay youth attempt suicide

    20% of homeless youth are LGBTQ

    61% of bisexual women report rape

    Mitchell, A. (2021)

    [This Photo](http://myjourneywithdepression.wordpress.com/2013/09/10/world-suicide-prevention-day-dearest-samantha) by Unknown Author is licensed under
    [CC BY-ND](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/)

    Caring for the Individual

    Women who only have sex with women do not need to discuss contraception, but do need STD screening.

    Transgender men who still have female anatomy need the same screening as cisgender females i.e.: pap smears, STD testing, pelvic exams, breast exams but may be reluctant to do so.

    Transgender females who are transitioning may be taking estrogen which increases risks associated with this including DVT, MI, CVA and need a breast exam.

    Asking about the types of sexual activity the individual may be engaging in will direct your screening.

    Why is this important????

    As you enter the workforce as an Advanced Practice Provider, you want to be part of the solution rather than perpetuating the problem of the health care disparities among various populations.

    Regardless of the differences between you and your patient whether it be race, religion, languages spoken, sexual identity and or preferences, you need to educate yourself regarding the patient’s needs to be able to provide the best health care.

    Work to identify and eliminate your own biases.

    Strive to make your healthcare setting a JUDGEMENT FREE ZONE!

    [This Photo](https://www.curationist.org/collection/gay-pride-parade-is-a-protest/) by Unknown Author is licensed under
    [CC BY-SA](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/)

    Your Assignment:

    Find a recent nursing or medical journal article that discusses health care specific to the LGBTQ community. Focus specifically in regard to Women’s Health which may include any number of the previously defined individuals. Write a 1-2 page summary of this article and include your own observations or opinions about what we as APPs can do to be more inclusive and culturally sensitive. Include your reference(s) with your paper.

    [This Photo](https://www.picpedia.org/post-it-note/a/assignment-writing.html) by Unknown Author is licensed under
    [CC BY-SA](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/)

    ## media1.m4a

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  • [Solved] Discussion

    ✓ Verified Academic Solution Available

    Executive Solution Overview

    J.C is an 82-year-old white man who was evaluated by GI specialist due to abdominal discomfort, loss of appetite, weight lost, weakness and occasional nausea. **Past Medical History (PMH):** Patient is Diabetic, controlled with Metformin 500 mg by mouth twice a day, Lantus 15 units SC bedtime. Hyper…

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    Assignment Prompt & Instructions

    J.C is an 82-year-old white man who was evaluated by GI specialist due to abdominal discomfort, loss of appetite, weight lost, weakness and occasional nausea.

    **Past Medical History (PMH):**

    Patient is Diabetic, controlled with Metformin 500 mg by mouth twice a day, Lantus 15 units SC bedtime. Hypertensive, controlled with Olmesartan 20 mg by mouth once a day. Atrial Fibrillation, controlled with Rivaroxaban 15 mg by mouth once a day and bisoprolol 10 mg by mouth once a day.

    **Labs:**

    Hb 12.7 g/dl; Hct 38.8% WBC 8.2; Glycemia 74mg/dl; Creatinine 0.8 mg/dl; BUN 9.8 mg/dl; AST 21 U/L ALT 17 U/L; Bil T 1.90 mg/dl; Ind 0.69 mg/dl; Dir 1.21 mg/dl.

    **Diagnostic test:**

    Endoscopic Ultrasound of the Pancreas. Solid mass in the head of pancreas 4 cms, infiltrating Wirsung duct. The solid mass impress to infiltrate the superior mesenteric vein. Perilesional node is detected, 1.5 cms, metastatic aspect. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy: Ductal adenocarcinoma.

    **Case study questions:**

    1. Please name the potential most common sites for metastasis on J.C and why?
    2. What are tumor cell markers and why tumor cell markers are ordered for a patient with pancreatic cancer?
    3. Based on the case study described, proceed to classify the tumor based on the TNM Stage classification. Why this classification important?
    4. Discussed characteristic of malignant tumors regarding it cells, growth and ability to spread.
    5. Describe the carcinogenesis phase when a tumor metastasizes.
    6. Choose the tissue level that is affected on the patient discussed above: Epithelial, Connective, Muscle or Neural. Support your answer.

    **Submission Instructions:**

    – Your initial post should be at least 500 words, formatted and cited in current APA style with support from at least 2 academic sources. Your initial post is worth 8 points.
    – You should respond to at least two of your peers by extending, refuting/correcting, or adding additional nuance to their posts. Your reply posts are worth 2 points (1 point per response.)
    – All replies must be constructive and use literature where possible.
    – Please post your initial response by 11:59 PM ET Thursday, and comment on the posts of two classmates by 11:59 PM ET Sunday.
    – You can expect feedback from the instructor within 48 to 72 hours from the Sunday due date

    – 2 years ago

  • [Solved] Analyzing a Current Healthcare Problem or Issue

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