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**## IDES312CHAPTER43SHINGLESTYLEANDAMERICANARTSANDCRAFTSthe.docx**
IDES 312 CHAPTER 43 SHINGLE STYLE AND AMERICAN ARTS AND CRAFTS the
1880s-1930s
1. Shingle Style – ARCHITECTURE
· Influence
· Characteristics
· Buildings – Public
· Private – houses
· Interiors
· motifs
2. American Arts and Crafts – ARCHITECTURE
· Influence(s) for each of the following
· Characteristics for each of the following
· Include floor plans of the houses
· Craftsman House
· Gustav Stickley
· Prairie Style
· Frank Lloyd Wright
· The Bungalow
· Henry Mather Greene and Charles Sumner Greene
· Colors of AA&C
· Flooring
· Walls
· Doors
· Ceilings
· Textiles
· Lighting
3. Stickley – Craftsman – Prairie – Greene and Greene – Mission – Frank Lloyd Wright FURNISHINGS
· Influences – for each of the above furniture styles/designers
· Characteristics – for each of the above furniture styles/designers
· Wood type – “
· Joinery – “
· Seating – “
· Tables – “
· Sofa – “
· Storage – “
· Beds – “
· Decorative Arts – “
4. Rookwood Pottery
5. Lincrusta
6. Inglenook
7. Joinery
**## ch-43-PPTaccessible.pptx**
Architecture and Interior Design: An Integrated History to the Present
First Edition
Chapter 43
Shingle Style and American Arts and Crafts
1880s – 1930s
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
If this PowerPoint presentation contains mathematical equations, you may need to check that your computer has the following installed:
1) Math Type Plugin
2) Math Player (free versions available)
3) NVDA Reader (free versions available)
1
Shingle Style & American Arts & Crafts
Shingle Style, unique to U.S., evolves from explorations of New England colonial architecture combined with English Queen Anne
Picturesque, rambling, irregular, covered with wooden shingles
American Arts and Crafts follows English principles
More individualistic, more diverse influences, more democratic
Similar ideals & social transformation advocated for middle class & wealthy
Character varies by region & designer, builder, entrepreneur, mail-order company
Image—simplicity, hand-made
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
2
Concepts
Shingle Style—roots in 17th century New England & English Queen Anne architecture
Defining characteristics—shingles, additive or rambling shapes, broad roofs
Shingles unify irregular shapes & massing
American Arts and Crafts
From concepts of Pugin, Ruskin, Morris & others
Shared principles, not unified style
More diverse & regional expressions
Less likely to reject machine so democratized design—custom architect-designed homes to mail order cottages
Also Craftsman, Mission, & Prairie Styles
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
3
Characteristics and Motifs
Both favor styles, forms, details of Middle Ages
Asymmetry, irregularity, verticality, simplicity
Non literal interpretation—seeks to capture essence of past
Shingle Style—shingles cover walls, columns, details
American arts & crafts architecture, interiors, furniture, decorative arts—unity
Simplicity, honesty, revealed structure, suitability to purpose, truth in materials, vernacular traditions, harmony with landscape, handcrafted look
Naturalistic colors, motifs; practicality, function, efficiency
Motifs—flowers, trees, foliage, animals, geometric motifs, Gothic details, Oriental images
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
4
43.1
Architectural Details: Stained glass window, Robie House, 1909-1910; Chicago, Illinois; Frank Lloyd Wright, and stair detail, David B. Gamble House, 1907-1908; Pasadena, California; Greene and Greene. American Arts and Crafts
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Architecture Shingle Style
Appeals to newly wealthy leisured class, especially for vacation homes, resorts
Recalls but not shackled by the past in freedom of expression, informality, continuity of texture
Mostly residential, some hotels, other structures
Shingles on nearly every surface most evident characteristic
Asymmetry, irregular massing, horizontality, gables, towers, bay windows, porches, multiple roofs
More continuity than Queen Anne but calmer, quieter, free-form character
Many influences—New England Colonial, English Queen Anne, Romanesque Revival, Japan
No corresponding interior or furniture style
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Architecture American Arts & Crafts
Simple, honest, emphasis on structure & function, vernacular traditions, close ties to landscape & location, naturalistic colors & motifs, handcrafted appearance
Same principles as in England, but wider diversity with strong regionalism & individuality
Craftsman Houses—follow principles of G. Stickley, great promoter of Arts and Crafts
Shown in The Craftsman, diversity in style & type
Prairie Style—fully integrated custom houses by Frank Lloyd Wright
Reflect his ideas of Arts & Crafts, Organic architecture
Bungalow—small, single story house type for middle class
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
43.2
Old Faithful Inn and Interior, Yellowstone National Park, 1903-1904; Wyoming; Robert Reamer. American Arts and Crafts.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Long Description:
The massive, seven-story lobby with walls of raw log surrounding a sixteen-foot-square fireplace of rough-cut rhyolite, vernacular building style, light from the traditionally dark and dank log cabin, through dormers scattered across the inn’s great sloping roof. As the light sprinkled down filtered through gnarled and twisted branches used for railings. The tall, airy space combined with the logs, lacy accents, and sunlight blur the boundary.
8
43.3a (1 of 2)
First Church of Christ Scientist, 1910-1912; Berkeley, California; Bernard Maybeck. American Arts and Crafts.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
43.3a (2 of 2)
First Church of Christ Scientist nave, 1910-1912; Berkeley, California; Bernard Maybeck. American Arts and Crafts.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Long Description:
The roof trusses and concrete pillars in the tracery are stained and decorated with modeled ornament and flat stencil work. Natural and artificial light improve the structure, and different shades of translucent glazing create the desired effect.
10
43.4a
Isaac Bell House, 1883; Newport Rhode Island; McKim, Mead and White, Shingle Style.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
43.4b
Isaac Bell House floor plans, 1883; Newport Rhode Island; McKim, Mead and White, Shingle Style.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
43.5a
David B. Gamble House, 1907-1908; Pasadena, California; Charles Sumner Greene and Henry Mather Greene. American Arts and Crafts.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Long Description:
The house boasts multiple porches, including three large sleeping porches. The first level of the home's exterior includes handmade brick and terra cotta terraces that flank the walkway up to the front door. Round, tapered beams extend on the exterior to support the extended porches. Heavy layers of shingles insulate the house, stone, and brickwork. Hanging exterior lanterns accent the grounds from beams.
13
43.5b
David B. Gamble House stair hall, 1907-1908; Pasadena, California; Charles Sumner Greene and Henry Mather Greene. American Arts and Crafts.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
43.6a
Frederick C. Robie House, 1909-1910; Chicago, Illinois; Frank Lloyd Wright. Prairie Style.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Long Description:
The house has roof eaves, continuous bands, a horizontal line, and the exterior walls are double-wythe construction of a brick core with an iron-spotted Roman brick veneer. It has a mortar with horizontal lines and vertical joints with a brick-colored design in the gates surrounding the outdoor spaces that enclose the garage courtyard.
15
43.6b
Frederick C. Robie House floor plans, 1909-1910; Chicago, Illinois; Frank Lloyd Wright. Prairie Style.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
43.6c
Frederick C. Robie House dining room, 1909-1910; Chicago, Illinois; Frank Lloyd Wright. Prairie Style.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Long Description:
A room has Roman brick with a mortar, and the overhangs and the floating brick balcony have steel beams for structural support. It has horizontality of the brick, sweeping lines, extensive overhangs, well-lit interiors with furniture, and a balance of public and private spaces.
17
43.7
Bungalow, 1900s-1920s and “The Winona,” 1910; Sears, Roebuck and Company mail-order bungalow.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Interiors
Architect or builder designed & middle class integrate architecture, interiors, furnishings into unified whole
Informal or vernacular feeling, intimate scale, open space, asymmetrical arrangements, horizontality, rectangular shapes, straight lines
Function & individuality important
Visual continuity among rooms, informal materials & finishes, rough or natural textures, warmth, light
Vary from totally designed environments of Wright or Greene brothers to mail-order furnishings of middle class
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
43.8
Stair hall, Samuel Tilton House, 1881-1882; Newport, Rhode Island; McKim, Mead, and White. American Arts and Crafts.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
43.9
Living rooms; published in The Craftsman, 1905-1906; Gustav Stickley and Harvey Ellis. American Arts and Crafts.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
43.10
Living room and dining room, Meyer May House, 1905; Grand Rapids, Michigan. Frank Lloyd Wright with George Niedecken for furniture. Prairie Style.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
43.11
Lighting: Candlesticks, hanging lantern, and lamps, 1900-1915. United States. American Arts and Crafts.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Furnishing and Decorative Arts
May be architect-designed for totally designed environments (Wright, Greene Brothers); mass-produced in factories (Stickley); hand-made in cooperatives or utopian communities (Roycroft)
Similar principles—rectangular form & shape, revealed joints & structure; honest use of materials; structural emphasis; distinctive joinery
Interiors have few pieces of furniture for simplicity & openness
Custom design furniture relates to the architecture
Mass-produced follows Arts & Crafts principles but lacks theoretical underpinnings
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
43.12
Armchair, Darwin R. Martin House, 1904; Buffalo, New York; Frank Lloyd Wright. Prairie Style
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
43.13
Craftsman armchair, 1905; Craftsman Workshops, New York. Gustav Stickley. American Arts and Crafts.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
43.14
Sofa in oak, 1912; United States. American Arts and Crafts.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
43.15
Display cabinet/bookcase in oak, c. 1904-1905; Craftsman Workshops; New York. American Arts and Crafts.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
43.16
Art Pottery from Rockwood Pottery and Newcomb College Pottery, c. 1900s-1920s; Ohio and Louisiana.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Long Description:
A Newcomb pottery was typically high-gloss glazes, with handcrafted decorations such as hand-painted flowers. It has a refined stoneware body of tapering cylindrical form, flaring to circular foot. Decorated underglaze with trees and landscape, and has a transparent matte glaze.
29
Copyright
This work is protected by United States copyright laws and is provided solely for the use of instructors in teaching their courses and assessing student learning. Dissemination or sale of any part of this work (including on the World Wide Web) will destroy the integrity of the work and is not permitted. The work and materials from it should never be made available to students except by instructors using the accompanying text in their classes. All recipients of this work are expected to abide by these restrictions and to honor the intended pedagogical purposes and the needs of other instructors who rely on these materials.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
30
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**## IDES312CHAPTER43SHINGLESTYLEANDAMERICANARTSANDCRAFTSthe.docx**
IDES 312 CHAPTER 43 SHINGLE STYLE AND AMERICAN ARTS AND CRAFTS the
1880s-1930s
1. Shingle Style – ARCHITECTURE
· Influence
· Characteristics
· Buildings – Public
· Private – houses
· Interiors
· motifs
2. American Arts and Crafts – ARCHITECTURE
· Influence(s) for each of the following
· Characteristics for each of the following
· Include floor plans of the houses
· Craftsman House
· Gustav Stickley
· Prairie Style
· Frank Lloyd Wright
· The Bungalow
· Henry Mather Greene and Charles Sumner Greene
· Colors of AA&C
· Flooring
· Walls
· Doors
· Ceilings
· Textiles
· Lighting
3. Stickley – Craftsman – Prairie – Greene and Greene – Mission – Frank Lloyd Wright FURNISHINGS
· Influences – for each of the above furniture styles/designers
· Characteristics – for each of the above furniture styles/designers
· Wood type – “
· Joinery – “
· Seating – “
· Tables – “
· Sofa – “
· Storage – “
· Beds – “
· Decorative Arts – “
4. Rookwood Pottery
5. Lincrusta
6. Inglenook
7. Joinery
**## ch-43-PPTaccessible.pptx**
Architecture and Interior Design: An Integrated History to the Present
First Edition
Chapter 43
Shingle Style and American Arts and Crafts
1880s – 1930s
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
If this PowerPoint presentation contains mathematical equations, you may need to check that your computer has the following installed:
1) Math Type Plugin
2) Math Player (free versions available)
3) NVDA Reader (free versions available)
1
Shingle Style & American Arts & Crafts
Shingle Style, unique to U.S., evolves from explorations of New England colonial architecture combined with English Queen Anne
Picturesque, rambling, irregular, covered with wooden shingles
American Arts and Crafts follows English principles
More individualistic, more diverse influences, more democratic
Similar ideals & social transformation advocated for middle class & wealthy
Character varies by region & designer, builder, entrepreneur, mail-order company
Image—simplicity, hand-made
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
2
Concepts
Shingle Style—roots in 17th century New England & English Queen Anne architecture
Defining characteristics—shingles, additive or rambling shapes, broad roofs
Shingles unify irregular shapes & massing
American Arts and Crafts
From concepts of Pugin, Ruskin, Morris & others
Shared principles, not unified style
More diverse & regional expressions
Less likely to reject machine so democratized design—custom architect-designed homes to mail order cottages
Also Craftsman, Mission, & Prairie Styles
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
3
Characteristics and Motifs
Both favor styles, forms, details of Middle Ages
Asymmetry, irregularity, verticality, simplicity
Non literal interpretation—seeks to capture essence of past
Shingle Style—shingles cover walls, columns, details
American arts & crafts architecture, interiors, furniture, decorative arts—unity
Simplicity, honesty, revealed structure, suitability to purpose, truth in materials, vernacular traditions, harmony with landscape, handcrafted look
Naturalistic colors, motifs; practicality, function, efficiency
Motifs—flowers, trees, foliage, animals, geometric motifs, Gothic details, Oriental images
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
4
43.1
Architectural Details: Stained glass window, Robie House, 1909-1910; Chicago, Illinois; Frank Lloyd Wright, and stair detail, David B. Gamble House, 1907-1908; Pasadena, California; Greene and Greene. American Arts and Crafts
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Architecture Shingle Style
Appeals to newly wealthy leisured class, especially for vacation homes, resorts
Recalls but not shackled by the past in freedom of expression, informality, continuity of texture
Mostly residential, some hotels, other structures
Shingles on nearly every surface most evident characteristic
Asymmetry, irregular massing, horizontality, gables, towers, bay windows, porches, multiple roofs
More continuity than Queen Anne but calmer, quieter, free-form character
Many influences—New England Colonial, English Queen Anne, Romanesque Revival, Japan
No corresponding interior or furniture style
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Architecture American Arts & Crafts
Simple, honest, emphasis on structure & function, vernacular traditions, close ties to landscape & location, naturalistic colors & motifs, handcrafted appearance
Same principles as in England, but wider diversity with strong regionalism & individuality
Craftsman Houses—follow principles of G. Stickley, great promoter of Arts and Crafts
Shown in The Craftsman, diversity in style & type
Prairie Style—fully integrated custom houses by Frank Lloyd Wright
Reflect his ideas of Arts & Crafts, Organic architecture
Bungalow—small, single story house type for middle class
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
43.2
Old Faithful Inn and Interior, Yellowstone National Park, 1903-1904; Wyoming; Robert Reamer. American Arts and Crafts.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Long Description:
The massive, seven-story lobby with walls of raw log surrounding a sixteen-foot-square fireplace of rough-cut rhyolite, vernacular building style, light from the traditionally dark and dank log cabin, through dormers scattered across the inn’s great sloping roof. As the light sprinkled down filtered through gnarled and twisted branches used for railings. The tall, airy space combined with the logs, lacy accents, and sunlight blur the boundary.
8
43.3a (1 of 2)
First Church of Christ Scientist, 1910-1912; Berkeley, California; Bernard Maybeck. American Arts and Crafts.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
43.3a (2 of 2)
First Church of Christ Scientist nave, 1910-1912; Berkeley, California; Bernard Maybeck. American Arts and Crafts.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Long Description:
The roof trusses and concrete pillars in the tracery are stained and decorated with modeled ornament and flat stencil work. Natural and artificial light improve the structure, and different shades of translucent glazing create the desired effect.
10
43.4a
Isaac Bell House, 1883; Newport Rhode Island; McKim, Mead and White, Shingle Style.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
43.4b
Isaac Bell House floor plans, 1883; Newport Rhode Island; McKim, Mead and White, Shingle Style.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
43.5a
David B. Gamble House, 1907-1908; Pasadena, California; Charles Sumner Greene and Henry Mather Greene. American Arts and Crafts.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Long Description:
The house boasts multiple porches, including three large sleeping porches. The first level of the home's exterior includes handmade brick and terra cotta terraces that flank the walkway up to the front door. Round, tapered beams extend on the exterior to support the extended porches. Heavy layers of shingles insulate the house, stone, and brickwork. Hanging exterior lanterns accent the grounds from beams.
13
43.5b
David B. Gamble House stair hall, 1907-1908; Pasadena, California; Charles Sumner Greene and Henry Mather Greene. American Arts and Crafts.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
43.6a
Frederick C. Robie House, 1909-1910; Chicago, Illinois; Frank Lloyd Wright. Prairie Style.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Long Description:
The house has roof eaves, continuous bands, a horizontal line, and the exterior walls are double-wythe construction of a brick core with an iron-spotted Roman brick veneer. It has a mortar with horizontal lines and vertical joints with a brick-colored design in the gates surrounding the outdoor spaces that enclose the garage courtyard.
15
43.6b
Frederick C. Robie House floor plans, 1909-1910; Chicago, Illinois; Frank Lloyd Wright. Prairie Style.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
43.6c
Frederick C. Robie House dining room, 1909-1910; Chicago, Illinois; Frank Lloyd Wright. Prairie Style.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Long Description:
A room has Roman brick with a mortar, and the overhangs and the floating brick balcony have steel beams for structural support. It has horizontality of the brick, sweeping lines, extensive overhangs, well-lit interiors with furniture, and a balance of public and private spaces.
17
43.7
Bungalow, 1900s-1920s and “The Winona,” 1910; Sears, Roebuck and Company mail-order bungalow.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Interiors
Architect or builder designed & middle class integrate architecture, interiors, furnishings into unified whole
Informal or vernacular feeling, intimate scale, open space, asymmetrical arrangements, horizontality, rectangular shapes, straight lines
Function & individuality important
Visual continuity among rooms, informal materials & finishes, rough or natural textures, warmth, light
Vary from totally designed environments of Wright or Greene brothers to mail-order furnishings of middle class
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
43.8
Stair hall, Samuel Tilton House, 1881-1882; Newport, Rhode Island; McKim, Mead, and White. American Arts and Crafts.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
43.9
Living rooms; published in The Craftsman, 1905-1906; Gustav Stickley and Harvey Ellis. American Arts and Crafts.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
43.10
Living room and dining room, Meyer May House, 1905; Grand Rapids, Michigan. Frank Lloyd Wright with George Niedecken for furniture. Prairie Style.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
43.11
Lighting: Candlesticks, hanging lantern, and lamps, 1900-1915. United States. American Arts and Crafts.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Furnishing and Decorative Arts
May be architect-designed for totally designed environments (Wright, Greene Brothers); mass-produced in factories (Stickley); hand-made in cooperatives or utopian communities (Roycroft)
Similar principles—rectangular form & shape, revealed joints & structure; honest use of materials; structural emphasis; distinctive joinery
Interiors have few pieces of furniture for simplicity & openness
Custom design furniture relates to the architecture
Mass-produced follows Arts & Crafts principles but lacks theoretical underpinnings
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
43.12
Armchair, Darwin R. Martin House, 1904; Buffalo, New York; Frank Lloyd Wright. Prairie Style
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
43.13
Craftsman armchair, 1905; Craftsman Workshops, New York. Gustav Stickley. American Arts and Crafts.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
43.14
Sofa in oak, 1912; United States. American Arts and Crafts.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
43.15
Display cabinet/bookcase in oak, c. 1904-1905; Craftsman Workshops; New York. American Arts and Crafts.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
43.16
Art Pottery from Rockwood Pottery and Newcomb College Pottery, c. 1900s-1920s; Ohio and Louisiana.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Long Description:
A Newcomb pottery was typically high-gloss glazes, with handcrafted decorations such as hand-painted flowers. It has a refined stoneware body of tapering cylindrical form, flaring to circular foot. Decorated underglaze with trees and landscape, and has a transparent matte glaze.
29
Copyright
This work is protected by United States copyright laws and is provided solely for the use of instructors in teaching their courses and assessing student learning. Dissemination or sale of any part of this work (including on the World Wide Web) will destroy the integrity of the work and is not permitted. The work and materials from it should never be made available to students except by instructors using the accompanying text in their classes. All recipients of this work are expected to abide by these restrictions and to honor the intended pedagogical purposes and the needs of other instructors who rely on these materials.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
30
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**IMG_9699.png**
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**IMG_9700.png**
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**IMG_9702.png**
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**IMG_9701.png**
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**IMG_9703.png**
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**IMG_9705.png**
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**IMG_9704.png**
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**## IDES312CHAPTER43SHINGLESTYLEANDAMERICANARTSANDCRAFTSthe.docx**
IDES 312 CHAPTER 43 SHINGLE STYLE AND AMERICAN ARTS AND CRAFTS the
1880s-1930s
1. Shingle Style – ARCHITECTURE
· Influence
· Characteristics
· Buildings – Public
· Private – houses
· Interiors
· motifs
2. American Arts and Crafts – ARCHITECTURE
· Influence(s) for each of the following
· Characteristics for each of the following
· Include floor plans of the houses
· Craftsman House
· Gustav Stickley
· Prairie Style
· Frank Lloyd Wright
· The Bungalow
· Henry Mather Greene and Charles Sumner Greene
· Colors of AA&C
· Flooring
· Walls
· Doors
· Ceilings
· Textiles
· Lighting
3. Stickley – Craftsman – Prairie – Greene and Greene – Mission – Frank Lloyd Wright FURNISHINGS
· Influences – for each of the above furniture styles/designers
· Characteristics – for each of the above furniture styles/designers
· Wood type – “
· Joinery – “
· Seating – “
· Tables – “
· Sofa – “
· Storage – “
· Beds – “
· Decorative Arts – “
4. Rookwood Pottery
5. Lincrusta
6. Inglenook
7. Joinery
**## ch-43-PPTaccessible.pptx**
Architecture and Interior Design: An Integrated History to the Present
First Edition
Chapter 43
Shingle Style and American Arts and Crafts
1880s – 1930s
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Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
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Shingle Style & American Arts & Crafts
Shingle Style, unique to U.S., evolves from explorations of New England colonial architecture combined with English Queen Anne
Picturesque, rambling, irregular, covered with wooden shingles
American Arts and Crafts follows English principles
More individualistic, more diverse influences, more democratic
Similar ideals & social transformation advocated for middle class & wealthy
Character varies by region & designer, builder, entrepreneur, mail-order company
Image—simplicity, hand-made
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2
Concepts
Shingle Style—roots in 17th century New England & English Queen Anne architecture
Defining characteristics—shingles, additive or rambling shapes, broad roofs
Shingles unify irregular shapes & massing
American Arts and Crafts
From concepts of Pugin, Ruskin, Morris & others
Shared principles, not unified style
More diverse & regional expressions
Less likely to reject machine so democratized design—custom architect-designed homes to mail order cottages
Also Craftsman, Mission, & Prairie Styles
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3
Characteristics and Motifs
Both favor styles, forms, details of Middle Ages
Asymmetry, irregularity, verticality, simplicity
Non literal interpretation—seeks to capture essence of past
Shingle Style—shingles cover walls, columns, details
American arts & crafts architecture, interiors, furniture, decorative arts—unity
Simplicity, honesty, revealed structure, suitability to purpose, truth in materials, vernacular traditions, harmony with landscape, handcrafted look
Naturalistic colors, motifs; practicality, function, efficiency
Motifs—flowers, trees, foliage, animals, geometric motifs, Gothic details, Oriental images
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43.1
Architectural Details: Stained glass window, Robie House, 1909-1910; Chicago, Illinois; Frank Lloyd Wright, and stair detail, David B. Gamble House, 1907-1908; Pasadena, California; Greene and Greene. American Arts and Crafts
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Architecture Shingle Style
Appeals to newly wealthy leisured class, especially for vacation homes, resorts
Recalls but not shackled by the past in freedom of expression, informality, continuity of texture
Mostly residential, some hotels, other structures
Shingles on nearly every surface most evident characteristic
Asymmetry, irregular massing, horizontality, gables, towers, bay windows, porches, multiple roofs
More continuity than Queen Anne but calmer, quieter, free-form character
Many influences—New England Colonial, English Queen Anne, Romanesque Revival, Japan
No corresponding interior or furniture style
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Architecture American Arts & Crafts
Simple, honest, emphasis on structure & function, vernacular traditions, close ties to landscape & location, naturalistic colors & motifs, handcrafted appearance
Same principles as in England, but wider diversity with strong regionalism & individuality
Craftsman Houses—follow principles of G. Stickley, great promoter of Arts and Crafts
Shown in The Craftsman, diversity in style & type
Prairie Style—fully integrated custom houses by Frank Lloyd Wright
Reflect his ideas of Arts & Crafts, Organic architecture
Bungalow—small, single story house type for middle class
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43.2
Old Faithful Inn and Interior, Yellowstone National Park, 1903-1904; Wyoming; Robert Reamer. American Arts and Crafts.
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Long Description:
The massive, seven-story lobby with walls of raw log surrounding a sixteen-foot-square fireplace of rough-cut rhyolite, vernacular building style, light from the traditionally dark and dank log cabin, through dormers scattered across the inn’s great sloping roof. As the light sprinkled down filtered through gnarled and twisted branches used for railings. The tall, airy space combined with the logs, lacy accents, and sunlight blur the boundary.
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43.3a (1 of 2)
First Church of Christ Scientist, 1910-1912; Berkeley, California; Bernard Maybeck. American Arts and Crafts.
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43.3a (2 of 2)
First Church of Christ Scientist nave, 1910-1912; Berkeley, California; Bernard Maybeck. American Arts and Crafts.
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Long Description:
The roof trusses and concrete pillars in the tracery are stained and decorated with modeled ornament and flat stencil work. Natural and artificial light improve the structure, and different shades of translucent glazing create the desired effect.
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43.4a
Isaac Bell House, 1883; Newport Rhode Island; McKim, Mead and White, Shingle Style.
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43.4b
Isaac Bell House floor plans, 1883; Newport Rhode Island; McKim, Mead and White, Shingle Style.
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43.5a
David B. Gamble House, 1907-1908; Pasadena, California; Charles Sumner Greene and Henry Mather Greene. American Arts and Crafts.
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Long Description:
The house boasts multiple porches, including three large sleeping porches. The first level of the home's exterior includes handmade brick and terra cotta terraces that flank the walkway up to the front door. Round, tapered beams extend on the exterior to support the extended porches. Heavy layers of shingles insulate the house, stone, and brickwork. Hanging exterior lanterns accent the grounds from beams.
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43.5b
David B. Gamble House stair hall, 1907-1908; Pasadena, California; Charles Sumner Greene and Henry Mather Greene. American Arts and Crafts.
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43.6a
Frederick C. Robie House, 1909-1910; Chicago, Illinois; Frank Lloyd Wright. Prairie Style.
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Long Description:
The house has roof eaves, continuous bands, a horizontal line, and the exterior walls are double-wythe construction of a brick core with an iron-spotted Roman brick veneer. It has a mortar with horizontal lines and vertical joints with a brick-colored design in the gates surrounding the outdoor spaces that enclose the garage courtyard.
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43.6b
Frederick C. Robie House floor plans, 1909-1910; Chicago, Illinois; Frank Lloyd Wright. Prairie Style.
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43.6c
Frederick C. Robie House dining room, 1909-1910; Chicago, Illinois; Frank Lloyd Wright. Prairie Style.
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Long Description:
A room has Roman brick with a mortar, and the overhangs and the floating brick balcony have steel beams for structural support. It has horizontality of the brick, sweeping lines, extensive overhangs, well-lit interiors with furniture, and a balance of public and private spaces.
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43.7
Bungalow, 1900s-1920s and “The Winona,” 1910; Sears, Roebuck and Company mail-order bungalow.
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Interiors
Architect or builder designed & middle class integrate architecture, interiors, furnishings into unified whole
Informal or vernacular feeling, intimate scale, open space, asymmetrical arrangements, horizontality, rectangular shapes, straight lines
Function & individuality important
Visual continuity among rooms, informal materials & finishes, rough or natural textures, warmth, light
Vary from totally designed environments of Wright or Greene brothers to mail-order furnishings of middle class
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43.8
Stair hall, Samuel Tilton House, 1881-1882; Newport, Rhode Island; McKim, Mead, and White. American Arts and Crafts.
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43.9
Living rooms; published in The Craftsman, 1905-1906; Gustav Stickley and Harvey Ellis. American Arts and Crafts.
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43.10
Living room and dining room, Meyer May House, 1905; Grand Rapids, Michigan. Frank Lloyd Wright with George Niedecken for furniture. Prairie Style.
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43.11
Lighting: Candlesticks, hanging lantern, and lamps, 1900-1915. United States. American Arts and Crafts.
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Furnishing and Decorative Arts
May be architect-designed for totally designed environments (Wright, Greene Brothers); mass-produced in factories (Stickley); hand-made in cooperatives or utopian communities (Roycroft)
Similar principles—rectangular form & shape, revealed joints & structure; honest use of materials; structural emphasis; distinctive joinery
Interiors have few pieces of furniture for simplicity & openness
Custom design furniture relates to the architecture
Mass-produced follows Arts & Crafts principles but lacks theoretical underpinnings
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43.12
Armchair, Darwin R. Martin House, 1904; Buffalo, New York; Frank Lloyd Wright. Prairie Style
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43.13
Craftsman armchair, 1905; Craftsman Workshops, New York. Gustav Stickley. American Arts and Crafts.
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43.14
Sofa in oak, 1912; United States. American Arts and Crafts.
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43.15
Display cabinet/bookcase in oak, c. 1904-1905; Craftsman Workshops; New York. American Arts and Crafts.
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43.16
Art Pottery from Rockwood Pottery and Newcomb College Pottery, c. 1900s-1920s; Ohio and Louisiana.
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Long Description:
A Newcomb pottery was typically high-gloss glazes, with handcrafted decorations such as hand-painted flowers. It has a refined stoneware body of tapering cylindrical form, flaring to circular foot. Decorated underglaze with trees and landscape, and has a transparent matte glaze.
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Copyright
This work is protected by United States copyright laws and is provided solely for the use of instructors in teaching their courses and assessing student learning. Dissemination or sale of any part of this work (including on the World Wide Web) will destroy the integrity of the work and is not permitted. The work and materials from it should never be made available to students except by instructors using the accompanying text in their classes. All recipients of this work are expected to abide by these restrictions and to honor the intended pedagogical purposes and the needs of other instructors who rely on these materials.
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