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– 2 years ago
**files (2)**
– ## W6paper.docx
– ## us-dfdtn-17-9-case-contradictory-evidence.pdf
**## W6paper.docx**
Instructions:
**Due by midnight on Sunday.**
3 pages APA format and scholarly sources
Using current literature, complete "Case 17-9, Contradictory Evidence" that is attached. Here are the specific questions that need to be answered:
Required:
For each case in the document:
1. Identify and summarize the corroborative and contradictory audit evidence in each scenario.
2. Determine what additional information, if any, is needed to reach a conclusion regarding management’s assertion.
3. On the basis of the case facts, determine whether management’s assertion is supportable and how additional information obtained might change your conclusion.
4. What are the ethical issues that need to be considered? (this question is in addition to the ones at the end of the case)
**## us-dfdtn-17-9-case-contradictory-evidence.pdf**
Copyright © 2020 Deloitte Development LLC
All Rights Reserved.
Case 17-9
Contradictory Evidence
Auditors have a responsibility to remain alert to audit evidence that contradicts other audit
evidence obtained. The application of professional skepticism is essential to the critical
assessment and questioning of contradictory audit evidence.
When the auditor obtains information during the course of the audit that contradicts information
obtained from another source, the auditor has a responsibility to resolve the matter and consider
its impact on the sufficiency and appropriateness of audit evidence obtained and the effect, if
any, on other aspects of the audit.
The auditor may face significant challenges associated with identifying, evaluating, and
addressing contrary, disconfirming, or inconsistent evidence. In particular, when auditing
accounting estimates, auditors may have their own biases to face, including a tendency to
overweight evidence that is supportive of management’s methods and assumptions, favoring
evidence that confirms the aforementioned, without critically assessing the reasonableness of
contradictory evidence or inputs.
The following three cases illustrate how the auditor considers audit evidence obtained, including
contradictory evidence, related to accounting estimates.
Case A — Revenue Projections Used in an Impairment Assessment
An entity holds an indefinite-lived intangible asset that it tests annually for impairment under
ASC 350 using an income approach (discounted cash flow analysis). As part of its risk
assessment procedures, the engagement team identified the following risk of material
misstatement related to the valuation assertion:
• The revenue projections (i.e., revenue growth rate) used in the discounted cash flow
analysis could be unreasonable and result in the entity not recording an impairment that
exists.
The risk of material misstatement was not identified as a fraud risk.
Note that the engagement team may have identified additional risks of material misstatement
related to the valuation assertion as part of its risk assessment procedures; however, this case
focuses on this specific risk of material misstatement for illustrative purposes.
The engagement team obtained the following evidence from the audit procedures performed to
address this risk as well as evidence from audit procedure performed in planning and risk
assessment:
• The entity’s revenue projections align with their historical trends.
• The entity’s revenue forecasts have not varied significantly from actual results over the
past three years.
Case 17-9c: Contradictory Evidence Page 2
Copyright © 2020 Deloitte Development LLC
All Rights Reserved.
• The entity is operating in an industry that has recently experienced market declines.
• The entity has gained market share in each of the last three years.
• The revenue growth rates used in the projections are above the growth rates estimated by
industry analysts.
• The entity has a significant number of multi-year contracts with its customers.
Case B — Impairment Indicator Related to a Potential Asset Sale
An entity owns a long-lived asset group (the “Asset Group”) that management evaluated for
impairment indicators in the current year in accordance with ASC 360 and concluded that there
were no such indicators. As part of its risk assessment procedures, the engagement team
identified the following risk of material misstatement related to the valuation assertion:
• The entity does not identify relevant impairment indicators related to ASC 360-10-35-
21(f), which states an impairment indicator may exist if there is “a current expectation
that, more likely than not, a long-lived asset (asset group) will be sold or otherwise
disposed of significantly before the end of its previously estimated useful life.”
The risk of material misstatement was not identified as a fraud risk.
Note that the engagement team may have identified additional risks of material misstatement
related to the valuation assertion identified as part of its risk assessment procedures; however,
this example focuses on this specific risk of material misstatement for illustrative purposes.
The engagement team obtained the following evidence from the audit procedures performed to
address this risk as well as evidence from audit procedure performed in planning and risk
assessment:
• The budget used by management for operational purposes is reasonable and indicates
operating income and positive cash flows for the Asset Group.
• Because they are in a distressed industry, the entity and the Asset Group have
experienced declines in financial results in recent years.
• Management communicated to investors an intention to shift its operating strategy to
improve cash flows and is exploring options and opportunities to achieve this goal.
• Board meeting minutes indicate that a number of strategic options and opportunities have
been discussed, including the potential sale of the Asset Group, the potential sale of other
assets, and refinancing debt.
• The entity projects that it will meet its financing and liquidity needs without having to
sell the Asset Group or any other assets.
• Management represented to the engagement team that it does not believe it is more likely
than not that the Asset Group will be sold or disposed of significantly before the end of
its previously estimated useful life.
Case 17-9c: Contradictory Evidence Page 3
Copyright © 2020 Deloitte Development LLC
All Rights Reserved.
Case C — Assumptions Used to Estimate the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
A commercial furniture wholesaler reserves for its allowance for doubtful accounts based on
standard reserve percentages supported by historical collection experience. (Note that this
example does not contemplate the need for specific reserves.) Management uses the same
process for estimating the allowance for doubtful accounts (the “reserve”) as it did in the prior
year; the approach is in accordance with the recently issued ASU 2016-13.1 As part of its risk
assessment procedures, the engagement team identified the following risk of material
misstatement related to the valuation assertion:
• The entity may not appropriately update its reserve policy (including updates to reserve
percentages) for changes in circumstances.
Note that the engagement team may have identified additional risks of material misstatement
related to the valuation assertion identified as part of its risk assessment procedures; however,
this example focuses on this specific risk of material misstatement for illustrative purposes. In
addition, this risk was not identified as a fraud risk.
The engagement team obtained the following evidence from the audit procedures performed to
address this risk as well as evidence from audit procedure performed in planning and risk
assessment:
• The current-year reserve as a percentage of gross receivables is consistent with prior
years although there was an increase in revenues, gross receivables, and the related
reserve.
• Bad debt expense has remained consistent as a percentage of gross revenue over the past
several years.
• Retrospective review of receivable collections indicates that management’s reserves have
historically been accurate.
• Economic conditions have been unstable and the predictability of future conditions is
limited.
• Revenues increased substantially year over year as a result of the introduction of a new
product line.
• The new product line is marketed toward customers in the restaurant industry, in which
the entity does not currently have an established customer base.
• The restaurant industry generally has a higher rate of business failure than other customer
segments.
• The entity’s collections experience has primarily been with customers in the retail and
professional services industries; the entity has minimal collections experience with the
new product line, given the recent launch.
• Approved sales terms have not changed year to year (e.g., sales personnel may offer an
extension of credit of up to 100 percent of the purchase price consistent with prior year,
1 FASB Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments — Credit Losses (Topic 326):
Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments.
Case 17-9c: Contradictory Evidence Page 4
Copyright © 2020 Deloitte Development LLC
All Rights Reserved.
criteria applied to evaluate customer creditworthiness is consistent with prior year,
payment terms are consistent with prior year).
• Sales of the new product line are more frequently 100 percent financed in contrast to
sales of the existing product lines, resulting in an increase in gross receivables.
• Competitors who manufacture similar restaurant furniture products have higher reserves
as a percentage of their trade receivables.
Required:
For each case above:
1. Identify and summarize the corroborative and contradictory audit evidence in each
scenario.
2. Determine what additional information, if any, is needed to reach a conclusion regarding
management’s assertion.
3. On the basis of the case facts, determine whether management’s assertion is supportable
and how additional information obtained might change your conclusion.
– Case 17-9
– Contradictory Evidence
**## us-dfdtn-17-9-case-contradictory-evidence.pdf**
Copyright © 2020 Deloitte Development LLC
All Rights Reserved.
Case 17-9
Contradictory Evidence
Auditors have a responsibility to remain alert to audit evidence that contradicts other audit
evidence obtained. The application of professional skepticism is essential to the critical
assessment and questioning of contradictory audit evidence.
When the auditor obtains information during the course of the audit that contradicts information
obtained from another source, the auditor has a responsibility to resolve the matter and consider
its impact on the sufficiency and appropriateness of audit evidence obtained and the effect, if
any, on other aspects of the audit.
The auditor may face significant challenges associated with identifying, evaluating, and
addressing contrary, disconfirming, or inconsistent evidence. In particular, when auditing
accounting estimates, auditors may have their own biases to face, including a tendency to
overweight evidence that is supportive of management’s methods and assumptions, favoring
evidence that confirms the aforementioned, without critically assessing the reasonableness of
contradictory evidence or inputs.
The following three cases illustrate how the auditor considers audit evidence obtained, including
contradictory evidence, related to accounting estimates.
Case A — Revenue Projections Used in an Impairment Assessment
An entity holds an indefinite-lived intangible asset that it tests annually for impairment under
ASC 350 using an income approach (discounted cash flow analysis). As part of its risk
assessment procedures, the engagement team identified the following risk of material
misstatement related to the valuation assertion:
• The revenue projections (i.e., revenue growth rate) used in the discounted cash flow
analysis could be unreasonable and result in the entity not recording an impairment that
exists.
The risk of material misstatement was not identified as a fraud risk.
Note that the engagement team may have identified additional risks of material misstatement
related to the valuation assertion as part of its risk assessment procedures; however, this case
focuses on this specific risk of material misstatement for illustrative purposes.
The engagement team obtained the following evidence from the audit procedures performed to
address this risk as well as evidence from audit procedure performed in planning and risk
assessment:
• The entity’s revenue projections align with their historical trends.
• The entity’s revenue forecasts have not varied significantly from actual results over the
past three years.
Case 17-9c: Contradictory Evidence Page 2
Copyright © 2020 Deloitte Development LLC
All Rights Reserved.
• The entity is operating in an industry that has recently experienced market declines.
• The entity has gained market share in each of the last three years.
• The revenue growth rates used in the projections are above the growth rates estimated by
industry analysts.
• The entity has a significant number of multi-year contracts with its customers.
Case B — Impairment Indicator Related to a Potential Asset Sale
An entity owns a long-lived asset group (the “Asset Group”) that management evaluated for
impairment indicators in the current year in accordance with ASC 360 and concluded that there
were no such indicators. As part of its risk assessment procedures, the engagement team
identified the following risk of material misstatement related to the valuation assertion:
• The entity does not identify relevant impairment indicators related to ASC 360-10-35-
21(f), which states an impairment indicator may exist if there is “a current expectation
that, more likely than not, a long-lived asset (asset group) will be sold or otherwise
disposed of significantly before the end of its previously estimated useful life.”
The risk of material misstatement was not identified as a fraud risk.
Note that the engagement team may have identified additional risks of material misstatement
related to the valuation assertion identified as part of its risk assessment procedures; however,
this example focuses on this specific risk of material misstatement for illustrative purposes.
The engagement team obtained the following evidence from the audit procedures performed to
address this risk as well as evidence from audit procedure performed in planning and risk
assessment:
• The budget used by management for operational purposes is reasonable and indicates
operating income and positive cash flows for the Asset Group.
• Because they are in a distressed industry, the entity and the Asset Group have
experienced declines in financial results in recent years.
• Management communicated to investors an intention to shift its operating strategy to
improve cash flows and is exploring options and opportunities to achieve this goal.
• Board meeting minutes indicate that a number of strategic options and opportunities have
been discussed, including the potential sale of the Asset Group, the potential sale of other
assets, and refinancing debt.
• The entity projects that it will meet its financing and liquidity needs without having to
sell the Asset Group or any other assets.
• Management represented to the engagement team that it does not believe it is more likely
than not that the Asset Group will be sold or disposed of significantly before the end of
its previously estimated useful life.
Case 17-9c: Contradictory Evidence Page 3
Copyright © 2020 Deloitte Development LLC
All Rights Reserved.
Case C — Assumptions Used to Estimate the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
A commercial furniture wholesaler reserves for its allowance for doubtful accounts based on
standard reserve percentages supported by historical collection experience. (Note that this
example does not contemplate the need for specific reserves.) Management uses the same
process for estimating the allowance for doubtful accounts (the “reserve”) as it did in the prior
year; the approach is in accordance with the recently issued ASU 2016-13.1 As part of its risk
assessment procedures, the engagement team identified the following risk of material
misstatement related to the valuation assertion:
• The entity may not appropriately update its reserve policy (including updates to reserve
percentages) for changes in circumstances.
Note that the engagement team may have identified additional risks of material misstatement
related to the valuation assertion identified as part of its risk assessment procedures; however,
this example focuses on this specific risk of material misstatement for illustrative purposes. In
addition, this risk was not identified as a fraud risk.
The engagement team obtained the following evidence from the audit procedures performed to
address this risk as well as evidence from audit procedure performed in planning and risk
assessment:
• The current-year reserve as a percentage of gross receivables is consistent with prior
years although there was an increase in revenues, gross receivables, and the related
reserve.
• Bad debt expense has remained consistent as a percentage of gross revenue over the past
several years.
• Retrospective review of receivable collections indicates that management’s reserves have
historically been accurate.
• Economic conditions have been unstable and the predictability of future conditions is
limited.
• Revenues increased substantially year over year as a result of the introduction of a new
product line.
• The new product line is marketed toward customers in the restaurant industry, in which
the entity does not currently have an established customer base.
• The restaurant industry generally has a higher rate of business failure than other customer
segments.
• The entity’s collections experience has primarily been with customers in the retail and
professional services industries; the entity has minimal collections experience with the
new product line, given the recent launch.
• Approved sales terms have not changed year to year (e.g., sales personnel may offer an
extension of credit of up to 100 percent of the purchase price consistent with prior year,
1 FASB Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments — Credit Losses (Topic 326):
Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments.
Case 17-9c: Contradictory Evidence Page 4
Copyright © 2020 Deloitte Development LLC
All Rights Reserved.
criteria applied to evaluate customer creditworthiness is consistent with prior year,
payment terms are consistent with prior year).
• Sales of the new product line are more frequently 100 percent financed in contrast to
sales of the existing product lines, resulting in an increase in gross receivables.
• Competitors who manufacture similar restaurant furniture products have higher reserves
as a percentage of their trade receivables.
Required:
For each case above:
1. Identify and summarize the corroborative and contradictory audit evidence in each
scenario.
2. Determine what additional information, if any, is needed to reach a conclusion regarding
management’s assertion.
3. On the basis of the case facts, determine whether management’s assertion is supportable
and how additional information obtained might change your conclusion.
– Case 17-9
– Contradictory Evidence
**## W6paper.docx**
Instructions:
**Due by midnight on Sunday.**
3 pages APA format and scholarly sources
Using current literature, complete "Case 17-9, Contradictory Evidence" that is attached. Here are the specific questions that need to be answered:
Required:
For each case in the document:
1. Identify and summarize the corroborative and contradictory audit evidence in each scenario.
2. Determine what additional information, if any, is needed to reach a conclusion regarding management’s assertion.
3. On the basis of the case facts, determine whether management’s assertion is supportable and how additional information obtained might change your conclusion.
4. What are the ethical issues that need to be considered? (this question is in addition to the ones at the end of the case)
**## us-dfdtn-17-9-case-contradictory-evidence.pdf**
Copyright © 2020 Deloitte Development LLC
All Rights Reserved.
Case 17-9
Contradictory Evidence
Auditors have a responsibility to remain alert to audit evidence that contradicts other audit
evidence obtained. The application of professional skepticism is essential to the critical
assessment and questioning of contradictory audit evidence.
When the auditor obtains information during the course of the audit that contradicts information
obtained from another source, the auditor has a responsibility to resolve the matter and consider
its impact on the sufficiency and appropriateness of audit evidence obtained and the effect, if
any, on other aspects of the audit.
The auditor may face significant challenges associated with identifying, evaluating, and
addressing contrary, disconfirming, or inconsistent evidence. In particular, when auditing
accounting estimates, auditors may have their own biases to face, including a tendency to
overweight evidence that is supportive of management’s methods and assumptions, favoring
evidence that confirms the aforementioned, without critically assessing the reasonableness of
contradictory evidence or inputs.
The following three cases illustrate how the auditor considers audit evidence obtained, including
contradictory evidence, related to accounting estimates.
Case A — Revenue Projections Used in an Impairment Assessment
An entity holds an indefinite-lived intangible asset that it tests annually for impairment under
ASC 350 using an income approach (discounted cash flow analysis). As part of its risk
assessment procedures, the engagement team identified the following risk of material
misstatement related to the valuation assertion:
• The revenue projections (i.e., revenue growth rate) used in the discounted cash flow
analysis could be unreasonable and result in the entity not recording an impairment that
exists.
The risk of material misstatement was not identified as a fraud risk.
Note that the engagement team may have identified additional risks of material misstatement
related to the valuation assertion as part of its risk assessment procedures; however, this case
focuses on this specific risk of material misstatement for illustrative purposes.
The engagement team obtained the following evidence from the audit procedures performed to
address this risk as well as evidence from audit procedure performed in planning and risk
assessment:
• The entity’s revenue projections align with their historical trends.
• The entity’s revenue forecasts have not varied significantly from actual results over the
past three years.
Case 17-9c: Contradictory Evidence Page 2
Copyright © 2020 Deloitte Development LLC
All Rights Reserved.
• The entity is operating in an industry that has recently experienced market declines.
• The entity has gained market share in each of the last three years.
• The revenue growth rates used in the projections are above the growth rates estimated by
industry analysts.
• The entity has a significant number of multi-year contracts with its customers.
Case B — Impairment Indicator Related to a Potential Asset Sale
An entity owns a long-lived asset group (the “Asset Group”) that management evaluated for
impairment indicators in the current year in accordance with ASC 360 and concluded that there
were no such indicators. As part of its risk assessment procedures, the engagement team
identified the following risk of material misstatement related to the valuation assertion:
• The entity does not identify relevant impairment indicators related to ASC 360-10-35-
21(f), which states an impairment indicator may exist if there is “a current expectation
that, more likely than not, a long-lived asset (asset group) will be sold or otherwise
disposed of significantly before the end of its previously estimated useful life.”
The risk of material misstatement was not identified as a fraud risk.
Note that the engagement team may have identified additional risks of material misstatement
related to the valuation assertion identified as part of its risk assessment procedures; however,
this example focuses on this specific risk of material misstatement for illustrative purposes.
The engagement team obtained the following evidence from the audit procedures performed to
address this risk as well as evidence from audit procedure performed in planning and risk
assessment:
• The budget used by management for operational purposes is reasonable and indicates
operating income and positive cash flows for the Asset Group.
• Because they are in a distressed industry, the entity and the Asset Group have
experienced declines in financial results in recent years.
• Management communicated to investors an intention to shift its operating strategy to
improve cash flows and is exploring options and opportunities to achieve this goal.
• Board meeting minutes indicate that a number of strategic options and opportunities have
been discussed, including the potential sale of the Asset Group, the potential sale of other
assets, and refinancing debt.
• The entity projects that it will meet its financing and liquidity needs without having to
sell the Asset Group or any other assets.
• Management represented to the engagement team that it does not believe it is more likely
than not that the Asset Group will be sold or disposed of significantly before the end of
its previously estimated useful life.
Case 17-9c: Contradictory Evidence Page 3
Copyright © 2020 Deloitte Development LLC
All Rights Reserved.
Case C — Assumptions Used to Estimate the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
A commercial furniture wholesaler reserves for its allowance for doubtful accounts based on
standard reserve percentages supported by historical collection experience. (Note that this
example does not contemplate the need for specific reserves.) Management uses the same
process for estimating the allowance for doubtful accounts (the “reserve”) as it did in the prior
year; the approach is in accordance with the recently issued ASU 2016-13.1 As part of its risk
assessment procedures, the engagement team identified the following risk of material
misstatement related to the valuation assertion:
• The entity may not appropriately update its reserve policy (including updates to reserve
percentages) for changes in circumstances.
Note that the engagement team may have identified additional risks of material misstatement
related to the valuation assertion identified as part of its risk assessment procedures; however,
this example focuses on this specific risk of material misstatement for illustrative purposes. In
addition, this risk was not identified as a fraud risk.
The engagement team obtained the following evidence from the audit procedures performed to
address this risk as well as evidence from audit procedure performed in planning and risk
assessment:
• The current-year reserve as a percentage of gross receivables is consistent with prior
years although there was an increase in revenues, gross receivables, and the related
reserve.
• Bad debt expense has remained consistent as a percentage of gross revenue over the past
several years.
• Retrospective review of receivable collections indicates that management’s reserves have
historically been accurate.
• Economic conditions have been unstable and the predictability of future conditions is
limited.
• Revenues increased substantially year over year as a result of the introduction of a new
product line.
• The new product line is marketed toward customers in the restaurant industry, in which
the entity does not currently have an established customer base.
• The restaurant industry generally has a higher rate of business failure than other customer
segments.
• The entity’s collections experience has primarily been with customers in the retail and
professional services industries; the entity has minimal collections experience with the
new product line, given the recent launch.
• Approved sales terms have not changed year to year (e.g., sales personnel may offer an
extension of credit of up to 100 percent of the purchase price consistent with prior year,
1 FASB Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments — Credit Losses (Topic 326):
Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments.
Case 17-9c: Contradictory Evidence Page 4
Copyright © 2020 Deloitte Development LLC
All Rights Reserved.
criteria applied to evaluate customer creditworthiness is consistent with prior year,
payment terms are consistent with prior year).
• Sales of the new product line are more frequently 100 percent financed in contrast to
sales of the existing product lines, resulting in an increase in gross receivables.
• Competitors who manufacture similar restaurant furniture products have higher reserves
as a percentage of their trade receivables.
Required:
For each case above:
1. Identify and summarize the corroborative and contradictory audit evidence in each
scenario.
2. Determine what additional information, if any, is needed to reach a conclusion regarding
management’s assertion.
3. On the basis of the case facts, determine whether management’s assertion is supportable
and how additional information obtained might change your conclusion.
– Case 17-9
– Contradictory Evidence
**## W6paper.docx**
Instructions:
**Due by midnight on Sunday.**
3 pages APA format and scholarly sources
Using current literature, complete "Case 17-9, Contradictory Evidence" that is attached. Here are the specific questions that need to be answered:
Required:
For each case in the document:
1. Identify and summarize the corroborative and contradictory audit evidence in each scenario.
2. Determine what additional information, if any, is needed to reach a conclusion regarding management’s assertion.
3. On the basis of the case facts, determine whether management’s assertion is supportable and how additional information obtained might change your conclusion.
4. What are the ethical issues that need to be considered? (this question is in addition to the ones at the end of the case)
**## us-dfdtn-17-9-case-contradictory-evidence.pdf**
Copyright © 2020 Deloitte Development LLC
All Rights Reserved.
Case 17-9
Contradictory Evidence
Auditors have a responsibility to remain alert to audit evidence that contradicts other audit
evidence obtained. The application of professional skepticism is essential to the critical
assessment and questioning of contradictory audit evidence.
When the auditor obtains information during the course of the audit that contradicts information
obtained from another source, the auditor has a responsibility to resolve the matter and consider
its impact on the sufficiency and appropriateness of audit evidence obtained and the effect, if
any, on other aspects of the audit.
The auditor may face significant challenges associated with identifying, evaluating, and
addressing contrary, disconfirming, or inconsistent evidence. In particular, when auditing
accounting estimates, auditors may have their own biases to face, including a tendency to
overweight evidence that is supportive of management’s methods and assumptions, favoring
evidence that confirms the aforementioned, without critically assessing the reasonableness of
contradictory evidence or inputs.
The following three cases illustrate how the auditor considers audit evidence obtained, including
contradictory evidence, related to accounting estimates.
Case A — Revenue Projections Used in an Impairment Assessment
An entity holds an indefinite-lived intangible asset that it tests annually for impairment under
ASC 350 using an income approach (discounted cash flow analysis). As part of its risk
assessment procedures, the engagement team identified the following risk of material
misstatement related to the valuation assertion:
• The revenue projections (i.e., revenue growth rate) used in the discounted cash flow
analysis could be unreasonable and result in the entity not recording an impairment that
exists.
The risk of material misstatement was not identified as a fraud risk.
Note that the engagement team may have identified additional risks of material misstatement
related to the valuation assertion as part of its risk assessment procedures; however, this case
focuses on this specific risk of material misstatement for illustrative purposes.
The engagement team obtained the following evidence from the audit procedures performed to
address this risk as well as evidence from audit procedure performed in planning and risk
assessment:
• The entity’s revenue projections align with their historical trends.
• The entity’s revenue forecasts have not varied significantly from actual results over the
past three years.
Case 17-9c: Contradictory Evidence Page 2
Copyright © 2020 Deloitte Development LLC
All Rights Reserved.
• The entity is operating in an industry that has recently experienced market declines.
• The entity has gained market share in each of the last three years.
• The revenue growth rates used in the projections are above the growth rates estimated by
industry analysts.
• The entity has a significant number of multi-year contracts with its customers.
Case B — Impairment Indicator Related to a Potential Asset Sale
An entity owns a long-lived asset group (the “Asset Group”) that management evaluated for
impairment indicators in the current year in accordance with ASC 360 and concluded that there
were no such indicators. As part of its risk assessment procedures, the engagement team
identified the following risk of material misstatement related to the valuation assertion:
• The entity does not identify relevant impairment indicators related to ASC 360-10-35-
21(f), which states an impairment indicator may exist if there is “a current expectation
that, more likely than not, a long-lived asset (asset group) will be sold or otherwise
disposed of significantly before the end of its previously estimated useful life.”
The risk of material misstatement was not identified as a fraud risk.
Note that the engagement team may have identified additional risks of material misstatement
related to the valuation assertion identified as part of its risk assessment procedures; however,
this example focuses on this specific risk of material misstatement for illustrative purposes.
The engagement team obtained the following evidence from the audit procedures performed to
address this risk as well as evidence from audit procedure performed in planning and risk
assessment:
• The budget used by management for operational purposes is reasonable and indicates
operating income and positive cash flows for the Asset Group.
• Because they are in a distressed industry, the entity and the Asset Group have
experienced declines in financial results in recent years.
• Management communicated to investors an intention to shift its operating strategy to
improve cash flows and is exploring options and opportunities to achieve this goal.
• Board meeting minutes indicate that a number of strategic options and opportunities have
been discussed, including the potential sale of the Asset Group, the potential sale of other
assets, and refinancing debt.
• The entity projects that it will meet its financing and liquidity needs without having to
sell the Asset Group or any other assets.
• Management represented to the engagement team that it does not believe it is more likely
than not that the Asset Group will be sold or disposed of significantly before the end of
its previously estimated useful life.
Case 17-9c: Contradictory Evidence Page 3
Copyright © 2020 Deloitte Development LLC
All Rights Reserved.
Case C — Assumptions Used to Estimate the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
A commercial furniture wholesaler reserves for its allowance for doubtful accounts based on
standard reserve percentages supported by historical collection experience. (Note that this
example does not contemplate the need for specific reserves.) Management uses the same
process for estimating the allowance for doubtful accounts (the “reserve”) as it did in the prior
year; the approach is in accordance with the recently issued ASU 2016-13.1 As part of its risk
assessment procedures, the engagement team identified the following risk of material
misstatement related to the valuation assertion:
• The entity may not appropriately update its reserve policy (including updates to reserve
percentages) for changes in circumstances.
Note that the engagement team may have identified additional risks of material misstatement
related to the valuation assertion identified as part of its risk assessment procedures; however,
this example focuses on this specific risk of material misstatement for illustrative purposes. In
addition, this risk was not identified as a fraud risk.
The engagement team obtained the following evidence from the audit procedures performed to
address this risk as well as evidence from audit procedure performed in planning and risk
assessment:
• The current-year reserve as a percentage of gross receivables is consistent with prior
years although there was an increase in revenues, gross receivables, and the related
reserve.
• Bad debt expense has remained consistent as a percentage of gross revenue over the past
several years.
• Retrospective review of receivable collections indicates that management’s reserves have
historically been accurate.
• Economic conditions have been unstable and the predictability of future conditions is
limited.
• Revenues increased substantially year over year as a result of the introduction of a new
product line.
• The new product line is marketed toward customers in the restaurant industry, in which
the entity does not currently have an established customer base.
• The restaurant industry generally has a higher rate of business failure than other customer
segments.
• The entity’s collections experience has primarily been with customers in the retail and
professional services industries; the entity has minimal collections experience with the
new product line, given the recent launch.
• Approved sales terms have not changed year to year (e.g., sales personnel may offer an
extension of credit of up to 100 percent of the purchase price consistent with prior year,
1 FASB Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments — Credit Losses (Topic 326):
Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments.
Case 17-9c: Contradictory Evidence Page 4
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criteria applied to evaluate customer creditworthiness is consistent with prior year,
payment terms are consistent with prior year).
• Sales of the new product line are more frequently 100 percent financed in contrast to
sales of the existing product lines, resulting in an increase in gross receivables.
• Competitors who manufacture similar restaurant furniture products have higher reserves
as a percentage of their trade receivables.
Required:
For each case above:
1. Identify and summarize the corroborative and contradictory audit evidence in each
scenario.
2. Determine what additional information, if any, is needed to reach a conclusion regarding
management’s assertion.
3. On the basis of the case facts, determine whether management’s assertion is supportable
and how additional information obtained might change your conclusion.
– Case 17-9
– Contradictory Evidence