Tag: Psychology

  • [Solved] DSRA

    ✓ Verified Academic Solution Available

    Executive Solution Overview

    In-depth study guidance and analytical solution covering DSRA.

    Instant Solution Download

    $6.99

    Immediate access to the full model answer, formatted citations, and rubric breakdown.

    Need a Fresh Custom Paper?

    Have this question answered from scratch according to your specific instructions and deadline.

    Order on TutorsGallery →

    Assignment Prompt & Instructions

    Full assignment prompt and step-by-step guidance are included in the downloadable solution file.

  • [Solved] resp 1

    ✓ Verified Academic Solution Available

    Executive Solution Overview

    attached – ## resp1.docx **## resp1.docx** Your responses are to be polite and reflect best practice as displayed in the literature. Please don't provide unsubstantiated opinion. You should make at least 2 substantial posts (including responses to others. A substantial responses is **not** something…

    Instant Solution Download

    $6.99

    Immediate access to the full model answer, formatted citations, and rubric breakdown.

    Need a Fresh Custom Paper?

    Have this question answered from scratch according to your specific instructions and deadline.

    Order on TutorsGallery →

    Assignment Prompt & Instructions

    attached

    – ## resp1.docx

    **## resp1.docx**

    Your responses are to be polite and reflect best practice as displayed in the literature. Please don't provide unsubstantiated opinion. You should make at least 2 substantial posts (including responses to others.  A substantial responses is
    **not** something like:

    Good post

    Great idea

    Thanks for a good post

    ( I hope you get the idea of a substantive post. Your post should be thorough and reflective of best practice as found in the professional literature)

    Peer’s response:

    To me, success means helping students grow, gain confidence, and apply what they learn—not just earning good grades. Every student learns differently, so creating an environment that supports success means being flexible and inclusive.

    The
    **Universal Design for Learning (UDL)** is a great framework for this because it focuses on giving students different ways to engage, access information, and show what they’ve learned. For example, using visuals, videos, and hands-on activities can make lessons more accessible. Letting students choose how to demonstrate their understanding—through writing, projects, or presentations—also helps them feel more confident and capable. Practices that encourage success include clear expectations, consistent feedback, and celebrating small wins. On the other hand, being too rigid or not addressing diverse needs can discourage students.

    Overall, I believe students succeed when they feel supported, included, and motivated to do their best.

    **## resp1.docx**

    Your responses are to be polite and reflect best practice as displayed in the literature. Please don't provide unsubstantiated opinion. You should make at least 2 substantial posts (including responses to others.  A substantial responses is
    **not** something like:

    Good post

    Great idea

    Thanks for a good post

    ( I hope you get the idea of a substantive post. Your post should be thorough and reflective of best practice as found in the professional literature)

    Peer’s response:

    To me, success means helping students grow, gain confidence, and apply what they learn—not just earning good grades. Every student learns differently, so creating an environment that supports success means being flexible and inclusive.

    The
    **Universal Design for Learning (UDL)** is a great framework for this because it focuses on giving students different ways to engage, access information, and show what they’ve learned. For example, using visuals, videos, and hands-on activities can make lessons more accessible. Letting students choose how to demonstrate their understanding—through writing, projects, or presentations—also helps them feel more confident and capable. Practices that encourage success include clear expectations, consistent feedback, and celebrating small wins. On the other hand, being too rigid or not addressing diverse needs can discourage students.

    Overall, I believe students succeed when they feel supported, included, and motivated to do their best.

  • [Solved] resp 2

    ✓ Verified Academic Solution Available

    Executive Solution Overview

    attached – ## resp2.docx **## resp2.docx** Your responses are to be polite and reflect best practice as displayed in the literature. Please don't provide unsubstantiated opinion. You should make at least 2 substantial posts (including responses to others. A substantial responses is **not** something…

    Instant Solution Download

    $6.99

    Immediate access to the full model answer, formatted citations, and rubric breakdown.

    Need a Fresh Custom Paper?

    Have this question answered from scratch according to your specific instructions and deadline.

    Order on TutorsGallery →

    Assignment Prompt & Instructions

    attached

    – ## resp2.docx

    **## resp2.docx**

    Your responses are to be polite and reflect best practice as displayed in the literature. Please don't provide unsubstantiated opinion. You should make at least 2 substantial posts (including responses to others.  A substantial responses is
    **not** something like:

    Good post

    Great idea

    Thanks for a good post

    ( I hope you get the idea of a substantive post. Your post should be thorough and reflective of best practice as found in the professional literature)

    Peer’s response:

    **1. Defining and Promoting Student Success Through Evidence-Based Practices**

    Test scores are only one aspect of student success; another is assisting each learner in achieving significant personal development, self-assurance, and independence. Mahoney (2020) claims that incorporating evidence-based practices (EBPs) into a multi-tiered system of supports (MTSS) results in inclusive classrooms that support the success of all students, not just those who perform at the highest levels. Many of the obstacles limiting achievement are eliminated when educators employ data-and research-based strategies. When students feel empowered to take chances and overcome obstacles, success blossoms. Approaches that have been demonstrated to increase both engagement and performance include differentiated instruction, explicit teaching, and positive behavioral supports (Mahoney, 2020). This connects closely to the Universal Design for Learning (UDL) framework, which emphasizes providing multiple means of engagement, representation, and expression to support all learners. Put differently, settings where instruction is purposeful, inclusive, and flexible enough to meet a range of needs foster success.

    **2. Creating Environments That Encourage Success**

    A successful classroom is organized but sensitive to the needs and strengths of each student. Mahoney (2020) highlights that in order to deliver consistent and efficient support, educators who employ the MTSS framework integrate data-driven decisions, teamwork, and tiered interventions. Success occurs when we proactively modify supports rather than responding to issues after they arise. This same strategy can be applied at work or at home. Recognizing minor accomplishments, giving regular feedback, and setting clear expectations are all strategies that promote success. On the other hand, unstructured or highly punitive environments frequently deter students from working hard or participating in the learning process (Mahoney, 2020). Incorporating UDL principles into these environments further ensures that each learner’s individual strengths and needs are addressed through flexibility and accessibility. Teachers and caregivers can create environments that inspire students to realize their full potential by cultivating positive relationships and evidence-based support systems.

    **## resp2.docx**

    Your responses are to be polite and reflect best practice as displayed in the literature. Please don't provide unsubstantiated opinion. You should make at least 2 substantial posts (including responses to others.  A substantial responses is
    **not** something like:

    Good post

    Great idea

    Thanks for a good post

    ( I hope you get the idea of a substantive post. Your post should be thorough and reflective of best practice as found in the professional literature)

    Peer’s response:

    **1. Defining and Promoting Student Success Through Evidence-Based Practices**

    Test scores are only one aspect of student success; another is assisting each learner in achieving significant personal development, self-assurance, and independence. Mahoney (2020) claims that incorporating evidence-based practices (EBPs) into a multi-tiered system of supports (MTSS) results in inclusive classrooms that support the success of all students, not just those who perform at the highest levels. Many of the obstacles limiting achievement are eliminated when educators employ data-and research-based strategies. When students feel empowered to take chances and overcome obstacles, success blossoms. Approaches that have been demonstrated to increase both engagement and performance include differentiated instruction, explicit teaching, and positive behavioral supports (Mahoney, 2020). This connects closely to the Universal Design for Learning (UDL) framework, which emphasizes providing multiple means of engagement, representation, and expression to support all learners. Put differently, settings where instruction is purposeful, inclusive, and flexible enough to meet a range of needs foster success.

    **2. Creating Environments That Encourage Success**

    A successful classroom is organized but sensitive to the needs and strengths of each student. Mahoney (2020) highlights that in order to deliver consistent and efficient support, educators who employ the MTSS framework integrate data-driven decisions, teamwork, and tiered interventions. Success occurs when we proactively modify supports rather than responding to issues after they arise. This same strategy can be applied at work or at home. Recognizing minor accomplishments, giving regular feedback, and setting clear expectations are all strategies that promote success. On the other hand, unstructured or highly punitive environments frequently deter students from working hard or participating in the learning process (Mahoney, 2020). Incorporating UDL principles into these environments further ensures that each learner’s individual strengths and needs are addressed through flexibility and accessibility. Teachers and caregivers can create environments that inspire students to realize their full potential by cultivating positive relationships and evidence-based support systems.

  • [Solved] Psychology homework

    ✓ Verified Academic Solution Available

    Executive Solution Overview

    In-depth study guidance and analytical solution covering Psychology homework.

    Instant Solution Download

    $6.99

    Immediate access to the full model answer, formatted citations, and rubric breakdown.

    Need a Fresh Custom Paper?

    Have this question answered from scratch according to your specific instructions and deadline.

    Order on TutorsGallery →

    Assignment Prompt & Instructions

    Full assignment prompt and step-by-step guidance are included in the downloadable solution file.

  • [Solved] Psychology ABA 503- Assignment 1

    ✓ Verified Academic Solution Available

    Executive Solution Overview

    – ## ABA503Assignments-CaseStudy.pdf – ## ABA503Assignment1GradingRubric-StudentVersion.pdf – ## 503Assignment1Instructions.docx **## ABA503Assignments-CaseStudy.pdf** ABA 503 Assignments – Case Study Justin is a 13-year-old boy diagnosed with autism. He has an effective, but below average, use of s…

    Instant Solution Download

    $6.99

    Immediate access to the full model answer, formatted citations, and rubric breakdown.

    Need a Fresh Custom Paper?

    Have this question answered from scratch according to your specific instructions and deadline.

    Order on TutorsGallery →

    Assignment Prompt & Instructions

    – ## ABA503Assignments-CaseStudy.pdf

    – ## ABA503Assignment1GradingRubric-StudentVersion.pdf

    – ## 503Assignment1Instructions.docx

    **## ABA503Assignments-CaseStudy.pdf**

    ABA 503 Assignments – Case Study

    Justin is a 13-year-old boy diagnosed with autism. He has an effective, but below average, use
    of spoken language but is able to communicate his emotions using picture cards that have a sad
    face, a neutral face and a smiley face. He is able to communicate effectively enough to make his
    requests understood, although he can be reluctant to do so.

    Justin lives with his mother and stepfather in a small 2-bedroom house which is also shared
    with a three year old female sibling who does not have any known disabilities or challenges
    beyond what would be considered normal for a child of her age. There is also an uncle and his
    girlfriend who live in the house and sleep in the living area of the home. Justin's mother, father,
    and his uncle all primarily speak Spanish and consider it to be their first language.

    Justin attends school daily and is accommodated in a “special education” classroom along with
    27 other children who have a variety of disabilities both physical and intellectual. The classroom
    is managed by a dedicated teacher and, most days, teaching assistants.

    Justin can become very agitated and can exhibit aggressive behaviors when he is in
    environments that he cannot control and are noisy and/or crowded. Aggression takes the form
    of hitting others with a closed fist which is sometimes accompanied by kicking. When Justin
    becomes agitated, he tends to rock back and forth on the balls of his feet which is typically
    followed by the hitting and kicking behavior. He will also run away if he is in an open area or is
    otherwise able to leave the situation.

    Recently, Justin’s mother took him to a nearby shopping mall for a “treat” because it was
    approaching the holiday season and she wanted him to see Santa Claus. When they arrived, the
    mall was playing festive Christmas music and it was busier than normal due to the approaching
    holidays.

    Justin and his mother arrived at the mall, parked the car, and entered the mall. Within a minute
    or so, Justin began rocking back and forth. His mother then attempted to grab his arm and
    Justin proceeded to hit her. He broke away and ran further into the mall, knocking an elderly
    lady down along the way. A mall security person witnessed the event and called the police and
    reported that a young man had assaulted an elderly lady and was running around hitting and
    kicking people while screaming.

    Additional Information

    Descriptive Assessment

    Descriptive assessment requires beginning with indirect methods and then including direct

    assessment methods as indicated below.

    Indirect

    – 2nd party report about student’s behavior.

    • Interviews – teacher, parent, student

    Example: Functional Assessment Interview (FAI, O’Neill, Horner et. al.,

    1997)

    • Records review such as school reports, medical reports, other therapy notes as

    available, etc.

    • Behavior Situation Rating Scales examples:

    – MAS, Durand & Crimmins, 1988; FAST, Iwata 1995; Q-FAST,

    Vollmer & Matson, 1995; QABF, Matson et. al., 1999; Aid to

    Functional Analysis, Willis & LaVigna, 1987; etc.

    Direct

    – On-site observation or permanent product assessment of student behavior.

    – Examples:

    • Scatterplot (Pattern Analysis) Touchette et. al., 1985

    • A-B-C recording (Sequence Analysis) Bijou et. al., 1968

    • Functional Assessment Observation Form (FAOF, O’Neill Et. al., 1997,

    Brookes)

    **## ABA503Assignment1GradingRubric-StudentVersion.pdf**

    ABA503 Assignment 1 Rubric

    Grading item

    Completely accurate

    in content and

    clearly articulated

    Partially inaccurate

    in content OR

    somewhat unclear in

    articulation

    Partially inaccurate

    in content AND

    unclear in

    articulation

    Item is missing or

    completely

    inaccurate in content

    Total

    Case Summary,

    including person

    whose behavior will

    be targeted

    5 3 1 0

    Target Behaviors

    5 3 1 0

    Operational

    Definitions of Target

    Behaviors

    5 3 1 0

    Rationale for

    changing behaviors

    5 3 1 0

    Choice of indirect

    assessment tool

    (MAS, QABF, or

    FAI)

    4 3 1 0

    Identification of 2

    people to complete

    the assessment and

    why

    6

    (3 points each)

    4 2 0

    Completed

    assessment for 1st

    person

    15

    10 5 0

    Completed

    assessment for 2nd

    person

    15

    10 5 0

    Data analysis: scored

    assessment (for MAS

    or QABF) plus

    written summary of

    results (for MAS,

    QABF, or FAI) for

    1st person

    completing

    assessment

    15

    10 5 0

    Data analysis: scored

    assessment (for MAS

    or QABF) plus

    written summary of

    results (for MAS,

    QABF, or FAI) for

    2nd person

    completing

    assessment

    15 10 5 0

    Overall Writing

    (clarity, APA style

    formatting, proper

    citations)

    10 7 3 0

    Final Grade

    Additional Comments:

    APA Style Links:

    1) Sample student paper using APA style: https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/paper-format/student-annotated.pdf

    2) Student Paper Setup Guide: https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/student-paper-setup-guide.pdf

    3) Heading Levels Template for a Student Paper: https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/heading-template-student-paper.pdf

    4) Student Title Page Guide: https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/student-title-page-guide.pdf

    5) Reference Examples: https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/references/examples

    [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/paper-format/student-annotated.pdf](https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/paper-format/student-annotated.pdf)

    [https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/student-paper-setup-guide.pdf](https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/student-paper-setup-guide.pdf)

    [https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/heading-template-student-paper.pdf](https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/heading-template-student-paper.pdf)

    [https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/heading-template-student-paper.pdf](https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/heading-template-student-paper.pdf)

    [https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/student-title-page-guide.pdf](https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/student-title-page-guide.pdf)

    [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/references/examples](https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/references/examples)

    **## 503Assignment1Instructions.docx**

    **Assignment 1**

    For Assignments 1 and 2 in this course, you will be conducting a hypothetical Functional Behavior Assessment (FBA) based on the
    [**Case Study**](https://onlineclasslogin.s3.amazonaws.com/Martinsburg%20College/ABA503/0624/ABA%20503%20Assignments%20-%20Case%20Study.pdf).

    In Assignment 1, you will conduct the indirect assessment portion of the FBA.

    In Assignment 2, you will conduct a direct assessment and write a hypothesis statement.

    **Be sure to watch the lecture by Dr. Michael Weinberg on “** [**How to Use Common Functional Assessment Tools: the MAS, QABF, FAI, and FAOF**](https://mwp.onlineclasslogin.com/mod/page/view.php?id=46816) **” before completing this assignment.**

    **Specific directions for Assignment 1**:

    **(1) Review the** [**Case Study**](https://onlineclasslogin.s3.amazonaws.com/Martinsburg%20College/ABA503/0624/ABA%20503%20Assignments%20-%20Case%20Study.pdf) **. Then write 2 paragraphs that discuss the following**:

    a) A brief
    **case summary**, starting with a description of the
    **person** whose behavior is to be addressed.

    b) List the
    **behavior(s)** to be targeted for change.

    **Note**: Avoid the use of generic terms (such as “inappropriate behavior”) or references to functions (such as “escape behavior”) because you have not yet identified the function of the target behavior.

    c) Provide an
    **operational definition** (including situational context if relevant) of each behavior to be changed, using observable, measurable terms.

    d) Provide a
    **rationale** for changing the behavior(s). (Why is it important? What is the social significance of the behavior(s)?)

    **(2) Administer an indirect assessment using a standardized functional assessment tool.**

    a) Choose
    **one** from the following standardized assessments:

    | | |
    | — | — |
    | **Standardized Assessments Tools** |
    | **Assessment Tool** | **Instructions** |
    | 1. <br>[**Motivation Assessment Scale (MAS II)**](https://autisminternetmodules.org/storage/ocali-ims-sites/ocali-ims-aim/documents/Motivation-Assessment-Scale-II.pdf) | [**Link to video**](https://youtu.be/xHeS_LUTij0?si=TSwAgbOYVT3tgqTS) explaining how to score |
    | 2. <br>[**Question About Behavioral Function (QABF)**](https://onlineclasslogin.s3.amazonaws.com/Martinsburg%20College/ABA503/0624/QABF%20form.docx) **Note**: this is a Word document that will be downloaded when you click the link. | [**Description and Instructions**](https://onlineclasslogin.s3.amazonaws.com/Martinsburg%20College/ABA503/0624/QABF%20Overview_Description_Publication%202000.pdf) |
    | 3. <br>[**Functional Assessment Interview (FAI)**](https://onlineclasslogin.s3.amazonaws.com/Martinsburg%20College/ABA503/0624/FAI%20Form.docx) **Note**: this is a Word document that will be downloaded when you click the link. | [**Description**](https://onlineclasslogin.s3.amazonaws.com/Martinsburg%20College/ABA503/0624/FAI%20Overview.pdf) |

    b)
    **Identify 2 people** involved with the child to complete the assessment tool (e.g., family members, teachers, paraprofessionals, etc.) and
    **explain why** you selected them.

    c) Pretend that you administer the standardized assessment to each of the people you selected and
    **fill out the forms with hypothetical data**.

    d)
    **Analyze your hypothetical data** by following the instructions on how to score the data for the assessment you selected (for the MAS or QABF) and then writing a detailed summary of the findings (for the MAS, QABF, or FAI). (Note: You do NOT have to come up with an actual hypothesized function of the behavior yet because you will do that in
    Assignment 2 **after** you complete the direct descriptive assessment. Only summarize your findings so far for this assignment.)

    **Be sure to turn in your completed assessments**.

    **Please note:** Your assignment should be submitted in a
    **Word Document** format
    **using Times New Roman 12.** The assignment must use APA format (see link to APA publication style in the course site resources.)  Please include an appropriate heading on your paper and references (at least 3 references) to support methods or procedures used.

    **Please be sure to save your work using the naming convention:**

    Student last name, first name, ABA 503 Assignment 1

    **## 503Assignment1Instructions.docx**

    **Assignment 1**

    For Assignments 1 and 2 in this course, you will be conducting a hypothetical Functional Behavior Assessment (FBA) based on the
    [**Case Study**](https://onlineclasslogin.s3.amazonaws.com/Martinsburg%20College/ABA503/0624/ABA%20503%20Assignments%20-%20Case%20Study.pdf).

    In Assignment 1, you will conduct the indirect assessment portion of the FBA.

    In Assignment 2, you will conduct a direct assessment and write a hypothesis statement.

    **Be sure to watch the lecture by Dr. Michael Weinberg on “** [**How to Use Common Functional Assessment Tools: the MAS, QABF, FAI, and FAOF**](https://mwp.onlineclasslogin.com/mod/page/view.php?id=46816) **” before completing this assignment.**

    **Specific directions for Assignment 1**:

    **(1) Review the** [**Case Study**](https://onlineclasslogin.s3.amazonaws.com/Martinsburg%20College/ABA503/0624/ABA%20503%20Assignments%20-%20Case%20Study.pdf) **. Then write 2 paragraphs that discuss the following**:

    a) A brief
    **case summary**, starting with a description of the
    **person** whose behavior is to be addressed.

    b) List the
    **behavior(s)** to be targeted for change.

    **Note**: Avoid the use of generic terms (such as “inappropriate behavior”) or references to functions (such as “escape behavior”) because you have not yet identified the function of the target behavior.

    c) Provide an
    **operational definition** (including situational context if relevant) of each behavior to be changed, using observable, measurable terms.

    d) Provide a
    **rationale** for changing the behavior(s). (Why is it important? What is the social significance of the behavior(s)?)

    **(2) Administer an indirect assessment using a standardized functional assessment tool.**

    a) Choose
    **one** from the following standardized assessments:

    | | |
    | — | — |
    | **Standardized Assessments Tools** |
    | **Assessment Tool** | **Instructions** |
    | 1. <br>[**Motivation Assessment Scale (MAS II)**](https://autisminternetmodules.org/storage/ocali-ims-sites/ocali-ims-aim/documents/Motivation-Assessment-Scale-II.pdf) | [**Link to video**](https://youtu.be/xHeS_LUTij0?si=TSwAgbOYVT3tgqTS) explaining how to score |
    | 2. <br>[**Question About Behavioral Function (QABF)**](https://onlineclasslogin.s3.amazonaws.com/Martinsburg%20College/ABA503/0624/QABF%20form.docx) **Note**: this is a Word document that will be downloaded when you click the link. | [**Description and Instructions**](https://onlineclasslogin.s3.amazonaws.com/Martinsburg%20College/ABA503/0624/QABF%20Overview_Description_Publication%202000.pdf) |
    | 3. <br>[**Functional Assessment Interview (FAI)**](https://onlineclasslogin.s3.amazonaws.com/Martinsburg%20College/ABA503/0624/FAI%20Form.docx) **Note**: this is a Word document that will be downloaded when you click the link. | [**Description**](https://onlineclasslogin.s3.amazonaws.com/Martinsburg%20College/ABA503/0624/FAI%20Overview.pdf) |

    b)
    **Identify 2 people** involved with the child to complete the assessment tool (e.g., family members, teachers, paraprofessionals, etc.) and
    **explain why** you selected them.

    c) Pretend that you administer the standardized assessment to each of the people you selected and
    **fill out the forms with hypothetical data**.

    d)
    **Analyze your hypothetical data** by following the instructions on how to score the data for the assessment you selected (for the MAS or QABF) and then writing a detailed summary of the findings (for the MAS, QABF, or FAI). (Note: You do NOT have to come up with an actual hypothesized function of the behavior yet because you will do that in
    Assignment 2 **after** you complete the direct descriptive assessment. Only summarize your findings so far for this assignment.)

    **Be sure to turn in your completed assessments**.

    **Please note:** Your assignment should be submitted in a
    **Word Document** format
    **using Times New Roman 12.** The assignment must use APA format (see link to APA publication style in the course site resources.)  Please include an appropriate heading on your paper and references (at least 3 references) to support methods or procedures used.

    **Please be sure to save your work using the naming convention:**

    Student last name, first name, ABA 503 Assignment 1

    **## ABA503Assignments-CaseStudy.pdf**

    ABA 503 Assignments – Case Study

    Justin is a 13-year-old boy diagnosed with autism. He has an effective, but below average, use
    of spoken language but is able to communicate his emotions using picture cards that have a sad
    face, a neutral face and a smiley face. He is able to communicate effectively enough to make his
    requests understood, although he can be reluctant to do so.

    Justin lives with his mother and stepfather in a small 2-bedroom house which is also shared
    with a three year old female sibling who does not have any known disabilities or challenges
    beyond what would be considered normal for a child of her age. There is also an uncle and his
    girlfriend who live in the house and sleep in the living area of the home. Justin's mother, father,
    and his uncle all primarily speak Spanish and consider it to be their first language.

    Justin attends school daily and is accommodated in a “special education” classroom along with
    27 other children who have a variety of disabilities both physical and intellectual. The classroom
    is managed by a dedicated teacher and, most days, teaching assistants.

    Justin can become very agitated and can exhibit aggressive behaviors when he is in
    environments that he cannot control and are noisy and/or crowded. Aggression takes the form
    of hitting others with a closed fist which is sometimes accompanied by kicking. When Justin
    becomes agitated, he tends to rock back and forth on the balls of his feet which is typically
    followed by the hitting and kicking behavior. He will also run away if he is in an open area or is
    otherwise able to leave the situation.

    Recently, Justin’s mother took him to a nearby shopping mall for a “treat” because it was
    approaching the holiday season and she wanted him to see Santa Claus. When they arrived, the
    mall was playing festive Christmas music and it was busier than normal due to the approaching
    holidays.

    Justin and his mother arrived at the mall, parked the car, and entered the mall. Within a minute
    or so, Justin began rocking back and forth. His mother then attempted to grab his arm and
    Justin proceeded to hit her. He broke away and ran further into the mall, knocking an elderly
    lady down along the way. A mall security person witnessed the event and called the police and
    reported that a young man had assaulted an elderly lady and was running around hitting and
    kicking people while screaming.

    Additional Information

    Descriptive Assessment

    Descriptive assessment requires beginning with indirect methods and then including direct

    assessment methods as indicated below.

    Indirect

    – 2nd party report about student’s behavior.

    • Interviews – teacher, parent, student

    Example: Functional Assessment Interview (FAI, O’Neill, Horner et. al.,

    1997)

    • Records review such as school reports, medical reports, other therapy notes as

    available, etc.

    • Behavior Situation Rating Scales examples:

    – MAS, Durand & Crimmins, 1988; FAST, Iwata 1995; Q-FAST,

    Vollmer & Matson, 1995; QABF, Matson et. al., 1999; Aid to

    Functional Analysis, Willis & LaVigna, 1987; etc.

    Direct

    – On-site observation or permanent product assessment of student behavior.

    – Examples:

    • Scatterplot (Pattern Analysis) Touchette et. al., 1985

    • A-B-C recording (Sequence Analysis) Bijou et. al., 1968

    • Functional Assessment Observation Form (FAOF, O’Neill Et. al., 1997,

    Brookes)

    **## ABA503Assignment1GradingRubric-StudentVersion.pdf**

    ABA503 Assignment 1 Rubric

    Grading item

    Completely accurate

    in content and

    clearly articulated

    Partially inaccurate

    in content OR

    somewhat unclear in

    articulation

    Partially inaccurate

    in content AND

    unclear in

    articulation

    Item is missing or

    completely

    inaccurate in content

    Total

    Case Summary,

    including person

    whose behavior will

    be targeted

    5 3 1 0

    Target Behaviors

    5 3 1 0

    Operational

    Definitions of Target

    Behaviors

    5 3 1 0

    Rationale for

    changing behaviors

    5 3 1 0

    Choice of indirect

    assessment tool

    (MAS, QABF, or

    FAI)

    4 3 1 0

    Identification of 2

    people to complete

    the assessment and

    why

    6

    (3 points each)

    4 2 0

    Completed

    assessment for 1st

    person

    15

    10 5 0

    Completed

    assessment for 2nd

    person

    15

    10 5 0

    Data analysis: scored

    assessment (for MAS

    or QABF) plus

    written summary of

    results (for MAS,

    QABF, or FAI) for

    1st person

    completing

    assessment

    15

    10 5 0

    Data analysis: scored

    assessment (for MAS

    or QABF) plus

    written summary of

    results (for MAS,

    QABF, or FAI) for

    2nd person

    completing

    assessment

    15 10 5 0

    Overall Writing

    (clarity, APA style

    formatting, proper

    citations)

    10 7 3 0

    Final Grade

    Additional Comments:

    APA Style Links:

    1) Sample student paper using APA style: https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/paper-format/student-annotated.pdf

    2) Student Paper Setup Guide: https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/student-paper-setup-guide.pdf

    3) Heading Levels Template for a Student Paper: https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/heading-template-student-paper.pdf

    4) Student Title Page Guide: https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/student-title-page-guide.pdf

    5) Reference Examples: https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/references/examples

    [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/paper-format/student-annotated.pdf](https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/paper-format/student-annotated.pdf)

    [https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/student-paper-setup-guide.pdf](https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/student-paper-setup-guide.pdf)

    [https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/heading-template-student-paper.pdf](https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/heading-template-student-paper.pdf)

    [https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/heading-template-student-paper.pdf](https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/heading-template-student-paper.pdf)

    [https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/student-title-page-guide.pdf](https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/student-title-page-guide.pdf)

    [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/references/examples](https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/references/examples)

    **## 503Assignment1Instructions.docx**

    **Assignment 1**

    For Assignments 1 and 2 in this course, you will be conducting a hypothetical Functional Behavior Assessment (FBA) based on the
    [**Case Study**](https://onlineclasslogin.s3.amazonaws.com/Martinsburg%20College/ABA503/0624/ABA%20503%20Assignments%20-%20Case%20Study.pdf).

    In Assignment 1, you will conduct the indirect assessment portion of the FBA.

    In Assignment 2, you will conduct a direct assessment and write a hypothesis statement.

    **Be sure to watch the lecture by Dr. Michael Weinberg on “** [**How to Use Common Functional Assessment Tools: the MAS, QABF, FAI, and FAOF**](https://mwp.onlineclasslogin.com/mod/page/view.php?id=46816) **” before completing this assignment.**

    **Specific directions for Assignment 1**:

    **(1) Review the** [**Case Study**](https://onlineclasslogin.s3.amazonaws.com/Martinsburg%20College/ABA503/0624/ABA%20503%20Assignments%20-%20Case%20Study.pdf) **. Then write 2 paragraphs that discuss the following**:

    a) A brief
    **case summary**, starting with a description of the
    **person** whose behavior is to be addressed.

    b) List the
    **behavior(s)** to be targeted for change.

    **Note**: Avoid the use of generic terms (such as “inappropriate behavior”) or references to functions (such as “escape behavior”) because you have not yet identified the function of the target behavior.

    c) Provide an
    **operational definition** (including situational context if relevant) of each behavior to be changed, using observable, measurable terms.

    d) Provide a
    **rationale** for changing the behavior(s). (Why is it important? What is the social significance of the behavior(s)?)

    **(2) Administer an indirect assessment using a standardized functional assessment tool.**

    a) Choose
    **one** from the following standardized assessments:

    | | |
    | — | — |
    | **Standardized Assessments Tools** |
    | **Assessment Tool** | **Instructions** |
    | 1. <br>[**Motivation Assessment Scale (MAS II)**](https://autisminternetmodules.org/storage/ocali-ims-sites/ocali-ims-aim/documents/Motivation-Assessment-Scale-II.pdf) | [**Link to video**](https://youtu.be/xHeS_LUTij0?si=TSwAgbOYVT3tgqTS) explaining how to score |
    | 2. <br>[**Question About Behavioral Function (QABF)**](https://onlineclasslogin.s3.amazonaws.com/Martinsburg%20College/ABA503/0624/QABF%20form.docx) **Note**: this is a Word document that will be downloaded when you click the link. | [**Description and Instructions**](https://onlineclasslogin.s3.amazonaws.com/Martinsburg%20College/ABA503/0624/QABF%20Overview_Description_Publication%202000.pdf) |
    | 3. <br>[**Functional Assessment Interview (FAI)**](https://onlineclasslogin.s3.amazonaws.com/Martinsburg%20College/ABA503/0624/FAI%20Form.docx) **Note**: this is a Word document that will be downloaded when you click the link. | [**Description**](https://onlineclasslogin.s3.amazonaws.com/Martinsburg%20College/ABA503/0624/FAI%20Overview.pdf) |

    b)
    **Identify 2 people** involved with the child to complete the assessment tool (e.g., family members, teachers, paraprofessionals, etc.) and
    **explain why** you selected them.

    c) Pretend that you administer the standardized assessment to each of the people you selected and
    **fill out the forms with hypothetical data**.

    d)
    **Analyze your hypothetical data** by following the instructions on how to score the data for the assessment you selected (for the MAS or QABF) and then writing a detailed summary of the findings (for the MAS, QABF, or FAI). (Note: You do NOT have to come up with an actual hypothesized function of the behavior yet because you will do that in
    Assignment 2 **after** you complete the direct descriptive assessment. Only summarize your findings so far for this assignment.)

    **Be sure to turn in your completed assessments**.

    **Please note:** Your assignment should be submitted in a
    **Word Document** format
    **using Times New Roman 12.** The assignment must use APA format (see link to APA publication style in the course site resources.)  Please include an appropriate heading on your paper and references (at least 3 references) to support methods or procedures used.

    **Please be sure to save your work using the naming convention:**

    Student last name, first name, ABA 503 Assignment 1

    **## ABA503Assignments-CaseStudy.pdf**

    ABA 503 Assignments – Case Study

    Justin is a 13-year-old boy diagnosed with autism. He has an effective, but below average, use
    of spoken language but is able to communicate his emotions using picture cards that have a sad
    face, a neutral face and a smiley face. He is able to communicate effectively enough to make his
    requests understood, although he can be reluctant to do so.

    Justin lives with his mother and stepfather in a small 2-bedroom house which is also shared
    with a three year old female sibling who does not have any known disabilities or challenges
    beyond what would be considered normal for a child of her age. There is also an uncle and his
    girlfriend who live in the house and sleep in the living area of the home. Justin's mother, father,
    and his uncle all primarily speak Spanish and consider it to be their first language.

    Justin attends school daily and is accommodated in a “special education” classroom along with
    27 other children who have a variety of disabilities both physical and intellectual. The classroom
    is managed by a dedicated teacher and, most days, teaching assistants.

    Justin can become very agitated and can exhibit aggressive behaviors when he is in
    environments that he cannot control and are noisy and/or crowded. Aggression takes the form
    of hitting others with a closed fist which is sometimes accompanied by kicking. When Justin
    becomes agitated, he tends to rock back and forth on the balls of his feet which is typically
    followed by the hitting and kicking behavior. He will also run away if he is in an open area or is
    otherwise able to leave the situation.

    Recently, Justin’s mother took him to a nearby shopping mall for a “treat” because it was
    approaching the holiday season and she wanted him to see Santa Claus. When they arrived, the
    mall was playing festive Christmas music and it was busier than normal due to the approaching
    holidays.

    Justin and his mother arrived at the mall, parked the car, and entered the mall. Within a minute
    or so, Justin began rocking back and forth. His mother then attempted to grab his arm and
    Justin proceeded to hit her. He broke away and ran further into the mall, knocking an elderly
    lady down along the way. A mall security person witnessed the event and called the police and
    reported that a young man had assaulted an elderly lady and was running around hitting and
    kicking people while screaming.

    Additional Information

    Descriptive Assessment

    Descriptive assessment requires beginning with indirect methods and then including direct

    assessment methods as indicated below.

    Indirect

    – 2nd party report about student’s behavior.

    • Interviews – teacher, parent, student

    Example: Functional Assessment Interview (FAI, O’Neill, Horner et. al.,

    1997)

    • Records review such as school reports, medical reports, other therapy notes as

    available, etc.

    • Behavior Situation Rating Scales examples:

    – MAS, Durand & Crimmins, 1988; FAST, Iwata 1995; Q-FAST,

    Vollmer & Matson, 1995; QABF, Matson et. al., 1999; Aid to

    Functional Analysis, Willis & LaVigna, 1987; etc.

    Direct

    – On-site observation or permanent product assessment of student behavior.

    – Examples:

    • Scatterplot (Pattern Analysis) Touchette et. al., 1985

    • A-B-C recording (Sequence Analysis) Bijou et. al., 1968

    • Functional Assessment Observation Form (FAOF, O’Neill Et. al., 1997,

    Brookes)

    **## ABA503Assignment1GradingRubric-StudentVersion.pdf**

    ABA503 Assignment 1 Rubric

    Grading item

    Completely accurate

    in content and

    clearly articulated

    Partially inaccurate

    in content OR

    somewhat unclear in

    articulation

    Partially inaccurate

    in content AND

    unclear in

    articulation

    Item is missing or

    completely

    inaccurate in content

    Total

    Case Summary,

    including person

    whose behavior will

    be targeted

    5 3 1 0

    Target Behaviors

    5 3 1 0

    Operational

    Definitions of Target

    Behaviors

    5 3 1 0

    Rationale for

    changing behaviors

    5 3 1 0

    Choice of indirect

    assessment tool

    (MAS, QABF, or

    FAI)

    4 3 1 0

    Identification of 2

    people to complete

    the assessment and

    why

    6

    (3 points each)

    4 2 0

    Completed

    assessment for 1st

    person

    15

    10 5 0

    Completed

    assessment for 2nd

    person

    15

    10 5 0

    Data analysis: scored

    assessment (for MAS

    or QABF) plus

    written summary of

    results (for MAS,

    QABF, or FAI) for

    1st person

    completing

    assessment

    15

    10 5 0

    Data analysis: scored

    assessment (for MAS

    or QABF) plus

    written summary of

    results (for MAS,

    QABF, or FAI) for

    2nd person

    completing

    assessment

    15 10 5 0

    Overall Writing

    (clarity, APA style

    formatting, proper

    citations)

    10 7 3 0

    Final Grade

    Additional Comments:

    APA Style Links:

    1) Sample student paper using APA style: https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/paper-format/student-annotated.pdf

    2) Student Paper Setup Guide: https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/student-paper-setup-guide.pdf

    3) Heading Levels Template for a Student Paper: https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/heading-template-student-paper.pdf

    4) Student Title Page Guide: https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/student-title-page-guide.pdf

    5) Reference Examples: https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/references/examples

    [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/paper-format/student-annotated.pdf](https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/paper-format/student-annotated.pdf)

    [https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/student-paper-setup-guide.pdf](https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/student-paper-setup-guide.pdf)

    [https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/heading-template-student-paper.pdf](https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/heading-template-student-paper.pdf)

    [https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/heading-template-student-paper.pdf](https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/heading-template-student-paper.pdf)

    [https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/student-title-page-guide.pdf](https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/student-title-page-guide.pdf)

    [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/references/examples](https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/references/examples)

    **## 503Assignment1Instructions.docx**

    **Assignment 1**

    For Assignments 1 and 2 in this course, you will be conducting a hypothetical Functional Behavior Assessment (FBA) based on the
    [**Case Study**](https://onlineclasslogin.s3.amazonaws.com/Martinsburg%20College/ABA503/0624/ABA%20503%20Assignments%20-%20Case%20Study.pdf).

    In Assignment 1, you will conduct the indirect assessment portion of the FBA.

    In Assignment 2, you will conduct a direct assessment and write a hypothesis statement.

    **Be sure to watch the lecture by Dr. Michael Weinberg on “** [**How to Use Common Functional Assessment Tools: the MAS, QABF, FAI, and FAOF**](https://mwp.onlineclasslogin.com/mod/page/view.php?id=46816) **” before completing this assignment.**

    **Specific directions for Assignment 1**:

    **(1) Review the** [**Case Study**](https://onlineclasslogin.s3.amazonaws.com/Martinsburg%20College/ABA503/0624/ABA%20503%20Assignments%20-%20Case%20Study.pdf) **. Then write 2 paragraphs that discuss the following**:

    a) A brief
    **case summary**, starting with a description of the
    **person** whose behavior is to be addressed.

    b) List the
    **behavior(s)** to be targeted for change.

    **Note**: Avoid the use of generic terms (such as “inappropriate behavior”) or references to functions (such as “escape behavior”) because you have not yet identified the function of the target behavior.

    c) Provide an
    **operational definition** (including situational context if relevant) of each behavior to be changed, using observable, measurable terms.

    d) Provide a
    **rationale** for changing the behavior(s). (Why is it important? What is the social significance of the behavior(s)?)

    **(2) Administer an indirect assessment using a standardized functional assessment tool.**

    a) Choose
    **one** from the following standardized assessments:

    | | |
    | — | — |
    | **Standardized Assessments Tools** |
    | **Assessment Tool** | **Instructions** |
    | 1. <br>[**Motivation Assessment Scale (MAS II)**](https://autisminternetmodules.org/storage/ocali-ims-sites/ocali-ims-aim/documents/Motivation-Assessment-Scale-II.pdf) | [**Link to video**](https://youtu.be/xHeS_LUTij0?si=TSwAgbOYVT3tgqTS) explaining how to score |
    | 2. <br>[**Question About Behavioral Function (QABF)**](https://onlineclasslogin.s3.amazonaws.com/Martinsburg%20College/ABA503/0624/QABF%20form.docx) **Note**: this is a Word document that will be downloaded when you click the link. | [**Description and Instructions**](https://onlineclasslogin.s3.amazonaws.com/Martinsburg%20College/ABA503/0624/QABF%20Overview_Description_Publication%202000.pdf) |
    | 3. <br>[**Functional Assessment Interview (FAI)**](https://onlineclasslogin.s3.amazonaws.com/Martinsburg%20College/ABA503/0624/FAI%20Form.docx) **Note**: this is a Word document that will be downloaded when you click the link. | [**Description**](https://onlineclasslogin.s3.amazonaws.com/Martinsburg%20College/ABA503/0624/FAI%20Overview.pdf) |

    b)
    **Identify 2 people** involved with the child to complete the assessment tool (e.g., family members, teachers, paraprofessionals, etc.) and
    **explain why** you selected them.

    c) Pretend that you administer the standardized assessment to each of the people you selected and
    **fill out the forms with hypothetical data**.

    d)
    **Analyze your hypothetical data** by following the instructions on how to score the data for the assessment you selected (for the MAS or QABF) and then writing a detailed summary of the findings (for the MAS, QABF, or FAI). (Note: You do NOT have to come up with an actual hypothesized function of the behavior yet because you will do that in
    Assignment 2 **after** you complete the direct descriptive assessment. Only summarize your findings so far for this assignment.)

    **Be sure to turn in your completed assessments**.

    **Please note:** Your assignment should be submitted in a
    **Word Document** format
    **using Times New Roman 12.** The assignment must use APA format (see link to APA publication style in the course site resources.)  Please include an appropriate heading on your paper and references (at least 3 references) to support methods or procedures used.

    **Please be sure to save your work using the naming convention:**

    Student last name, first name, ABA 503 Assignment 1

    – 1
    – 2
    – 3

  • [Solved] Psychology ABA 503- Assignment 2

    ✓ Verified Academic Solution Available

    Executive Solution Overview

    – ## ABA503Assignment2GradingRubric-StudentVersion.pdf – ## Assignment2Instructions.docx – FAOFInstructions.pdf – FunctionalAssessmentObservationForm.docx **## ABA503Assignment2GradingRubric-StudentVersion.pdf** ABA503 Assignment 2 Rubric Grading item Completely accurate in content and clearly artic…

    Instant Solution Download

    $6.99

    Immediate access to the full model answer, formatted citations, and rubric breakdown.

    Need a Fresh Custom Paper?

    Have this question answered from scratch according to your specific instructions and deadline.

    Order on TutorsGallery →

    Assignment Prompt & Instructions

    – ## ABA503Assignment2GradingRubric-StudentVersion.pdf

    – ## Assignment2Instructions.docx

    – FAOFInstructions.pdf
    – FunctionalAssessmentObservationForm.docx

    **## ABA503Assignment2GradingRubric-StudentVersion.pdf**

    ABA503 Assignment 2 Rubric

    Grading item

    Completely accurate

    in content and

    clearly articulated

    Partially inaccurate

    in content OR

    somewhat unclear in

    articulation

    Partially inaccurate

    in content AND

    unclear in

    articulation

    Item is missing or

    completely

    inaccurate in content

    Total

    Completed FAOF

    using data provided

    25 17 8 0

    Description of FAOF

    (what it is and why

    you use it)

    5 3 1 0

    Analysis and

    summary of data

    (i.e., what patterns of

    target behavior

    occurred)

    20 14 6 0

    Hypothesis

    statement—MOs and

    Sds

    10 7 3 0

    Hypothesis

    statement—Target

    Behaviors

    10 7 3 0

    Hypothesis statement

    – Hypothesized

    Function plus specific

    maintaining

    reinforcer(s) (For

    example: attention is

    the function and

    teacher reprimands

    serve as the form of

    attention that is the

    specific reinforcer.)

    20

    (half for function and

    half for reinforcer)

    14

    6 0

    Overall Writing

    (clarity, APA style

    formatting, proper

    citations)

    10 7 3 0

    Final Grade

    Additional Comments:

    APA Style Links:

    1) Sample student paper using APA style: https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/paper-format/student-annotated.pdf

    2) Student Paper Setup Guide: https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/student-paper-setup-guide.pdf

    3) Heading Levels Template for a Student Paper: https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/heading-template-student-paper.pdf

    4) Student Title Page Guide: https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/student-title-page-guide.pdf

    5) Reference Examples: https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/references/examples

    [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/paper-format/student-annotated.pdf](https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/paper-format/student-annotated.pdf)

    [https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/student-paper-setup-guide.pdf](https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/student-paper-setup-guide.pdf)

    [https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/heading-template-student-paper.pdf](https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/heading-template-student-paper.pdf)

    [https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/heading-template-student-paper.pdf](https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/heading-template-student-paper.pdf)

    [https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/student-title-page-guide.pdf](https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/student-title-page-guide.pdf)

    [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/references/examples](https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/references/examples)

    **## Assignment2Instructions.docx**

    **Assignment 2**

    For this assignment, you will be using the data from assignment 1 (indirect assessment) and conducting the direct assessment portion of the functional behavior assessment (FBA). You will then write a hypothesis statement about the possible function of the target behavior(s).

    **Specific directions for Assignment 2:**

    **1) Complete the Direct Assessment:**

    You will use the
    [**Functional Assessment Observation Form**](https://onlineclasslogin.s3.amazonaws.com/Martinsburg%20College/ABA503/0624/Functional%20Assessment%20Observation%20Form.docx) (FAOF, O’Neil et. al., 1997)

    **Note:** when you click the link, the form will be downloaded as a Word document.

    Refer to
    [**these instructions**](https://onlineclasslogin.s3.amazonaws.com/Martinsburg%20College/ABA503/0624/FAOF%20Instructions.pdf) for information on how to use this form.

    Remember to review the recorded lecture “
    [**How to Use Common Functional Assessment Tools: the MAS, QABF, FAI, and FAOF**](https://mwp.onlineclasslogin.com/mod/page/view.php?id=46816)” by Dr. Michael Weinberg, which explains how to use this form.

    Another example of how to use this form is provided in this
    [**video**](https://youtu.be/0D_NUeen4js?si=YEtwZitqRnweTm5j).

    **2) For the sake of this assignment, we will focus on occurrences of the problem behavior at school. Therefore, the direct assessment data will be collected based on school observations.**

    Use the information about the daily classroom schedule and the hypothetical data listed below to fill out the FAOF.

    **Class Schedule:**

    8:00 – 8:30 Homeroom activities

    8:30 – 9:30 Math

    9:30 – 10:00 Free choice activities in the classroom

    10:00 -11:00 Reading

    11:00 – 11:30 Lunch in the cafeteria

    11:30 – 12:00 Recess on the playground with 2 other classes

    12:00 – 12:30 Science

    12:30 – 1:00 Social Studies

    1:00 – 2:00 “Specials” (music, art, etc. – conducted with at least one other class of students)

    2:00 – 2:30 Waiting for transportation while in the gym (multiple classes present)

    **Observational Data:** (You can make up the dates.)

    Day 1 – occurrences of problem behavior at 11:15 am and 11:45 am.

    Day 2 – occurrences of problem behavior at 11:40 am and 2:10 pm.

    Day 3 – occurrences of problem behavior at 11:10 am, 1:10 pm, and 2:20 pm.

    Day 4 – occurrences of problem behavior at 11:50 am, 1:20 pm, and 2:05 pm.

    Day 5 – occurrences of problem behavior at 11:20 am, 11:50 am, and 2:15 pm.

    Day 6 – occurrences of problem behavior at 11:55 am, 1:50 pm, and 2:25 pm.

    Day 7 – occurrences of problem behavior at 11:25 am, 11:55 am, and 2:08 pm.

    **3) Write 2-3 paragraphs that contain the following information:**

    a. A description of the FAOF (what it is and why you would use it).

    b. An analysis and summary of the patterns of the target behavior (i.e., the time(s) of day, day(s) of occurrence, and circumstances or setting/people involved when the behavior is occurring with highest frequency).

    c. A hypothesis statement in which you write a statement of the hypothesized function of the target behavior based on the data from your descriptive (indirect and direct) assessment. Your statement should include the following:

    1.     MOs – under what setting events is the behavior more likely to occur

    2.     Antecedents (NOT “triggers”) –  Sds that occur before the behavior and signal the availability of reinforcement for the target behavior

    3.     Target behavior(s)

    4.     Hypothesized function (maintaining reinforcer for target behavior such as escape/avoidance, attention, access, or automatic positive/negative reinforcement).

    **Notes:**

    i) There can be different functions for each target behavior, but please identify the most likely function for each behavior.

    ii) It is possible for all target behaviors to be maintained by the same function, which should be stated if that is the case.

    iii) Use one of the four functions in the behavior analytic literature mentioned above.

    iv) Be sure to specify what reinforcer is linked to the function (e.g., attention may be the function, and the reinforcer might be teacher praise, or playing with a peer, etc.).

    **Be sure to turn in your completed assessments**.

    **Please note:** Your assignment should be submitted in a
    **Word Document** format
    **using Times New Roman 12.** The assignment must use APA format (see link to APA publication style in the course site resources.)  Please include an appropriate heading on your paper and references to support methods or procedures used.

    **Please be sure to save your work using the naming convention:**

    Student last name, first name, ABA 503 Assignment 2

    **FAOFInstructions.pdf**

    This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/faofinstructions-pdf)

    **FunctionalAssessmentObservationForm.docx**

    This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/functionalassessmentobservationform-docx)

    **FunctionalAssessmentObservationForm.docx**

    This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/functionalassessmentobservationform-docx)

    **## ABA503Assignment2GradingRubric-StudentVersion.pdf**

    ABA503 Assignment 2 Rubric

    Grading item

    Completely accurate

    in content and

    clearly articulated

    Partially inaccurate

    in content OR

    somewhat unclear in

    articulation

    Partially inaccurate

    in content AND

    unclear in

    articulation

    Item is missing or

    completely

    inaccurate in content

    Total

    Completed FAOF

    using data provided

    25 17 8 0

    Description of FAOF

    (what it is and why

    you use it)

    5 3 1 0

    Analysis and

    summary of data

    (i.e., what patterns of

    target behavior

    occurred)

    20 14 6 0

    Hypothesis

    statement—MOs and

    Sds

    10 7 3 0

    Hypothesis

    statement—Target

    Behaviors

    10 7 3 0

    Hypothesis statement

    – Hypothesized

    Function plus specific

    maintaining

    reinforcer(s) (For

    example: attention is

    the function and

    teacher reprimands

    serve as the form of

    attention that is the

    specific reinforcer.)

    20

    (half for function and

    half for reinforcer)

    14

    6 0

    Overall Writing

    (clarity, APA style

    formatting, proper

    citations)

    10 7 3 0

    Final Grade

    Additional Comments:

    APA Style Links:

    1) Sample student paper using APA style: https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/paper-format/student-annotated.pdf

    2) Student Paper Setup Guide: https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/student-paper-setup-guide.pdf

    3) Heading Levels Template for a Student Paper: https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/heading-template-student-paper.pdf

    4) Student Title Page Guide: https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/student-title-page-guide.pdf

    5) Reference Examples: https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/references/examples

    [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/paper-format/student-annotated.pdf](https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/paper-format/student-annotated.pdf)

    [https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/student-paper-setup-guide.pdf](https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/student-paper-setup-guide.pdf)

    [https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/heading-template-student-paper.pdf](https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/heading-template-student-paper.pdf)

    [https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/heading-template-student-paper.pdf](https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/heading-template-student-paper.pdf)

    [https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/student-title-page-guide.pdf](https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/student-title-page-guide.pdf)

    [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/references/examples](https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/references/examples)

    **## Assignment2Instructions.docx**

    **Assignment 2**

    For this assignment, you will be using the data from assignment 1 (indirect assessment) and conducting the direct assessment portion of the functional behavior assessment (FBA). You will then write a hypothesis statement about the possible function of the target behavior(s).

    **Specific directions for Assignment 2:**

    **1) Complete the Direct Assessment:**

    You will use the
    [**Functional Assessment Observation Form**](https://onlineclasslogin.s3.amazonaws.com/Martinsburg%20College/ABA503/0624/Functional%20Assessment%20Observation%20Form.docx) (FAOF, O’Neil et. al., 1997)

    **Note:** when you click the link, the form will be downloaded as a Word document.

    Refer to
    [**these instructions**](https://onlineclasslogin.s3.amazonaws.com/Martinsburg%20College/ABA503/0624/FAOF%20Instructions.pdf) for information on how to use this form.

    Remember to review the recorded lecture “
    [**How to Use Common Functional Assessment Tools: the MAS, QABF, FAI, and FAOF**](https://mwp.onlineclasslogin.com/mod/page/view.php?id=46816)” by Dr. Michael Weinberg, which explains how to use this form.

    Another example of how to use this form is provided in this
    [**video**](https://youtu.be/0D_NUeen4js?si=YEtwZitqRnweTm5j).

    **2) For the sake of this assignment, we will focus on occurrences of the problem behavior at school. Therefore, the direct assessment data will be collected based on school observations.**

    Use the information about the daily classroom schedule and the hypothetical data listed below to fill out the FAOF.

    **Class Schedule:**

    8:00 – 8:30 Homeroom activities

    8:30 – 9:30 Math

    9:30 – 10:00 Free choice activities in the classroom

    10:00 -11:00 Reading

    11:00 – 11:30 Lunch in the cafeteria

    11:30 – 12:00 Recess on the playground with 2 other classes

    12:00 – 12:30 Science

    12:30 – 1:00 Social Studies

    1:00 – 2:00 “Specials” (music, art, etc. – conducted with at least one other class of students)

    2:00 – 2:30 Waiting for transportation while in the gym (multiple classes present)

    **Observational Data:** (You can make up the dates.)

    Day 1 – occurrences of problem behavior at 11:15 am and 11:45 am.

    Day 2 – occurrences of problem behavior at 11:40 am and 2:10 pm.

    Day 3 – occurrences of problem behavior at 11:10 am, 1:10 pm, and 2:20 pm.

    Day 4 – occurrences of problem behavior at 11:50 am, 1:20 pm, and 2:05 pm.

    Day 5 – occurrences of problem behavior at 11:20 am, 11:50 am, and 2:15 pm.

    Day 6 – occurrences of problem behavior at 11:55 am, 1:50 pm, and 2:25 pm.

    Day 7 – occurrences of problem behavior at 11:25 am, 11:55 am, and 2:08 pm.

    **3) Write 2-3 paragraphs that contain the following information:**

    a. A description of the FAOF (what it is and why you would use it).

    b. An analysis and summary of the patterns of the target behavior (i.e., the time(s) of day, day(s) of occurrence, and circumstances or setting/people involved when the behavior is occurring with highest frequency).

    c. A hypothesis statement in which you write a statement of the hypothesized function of the target behavior based on the data from your descriptive (indirect and direct) assessment. Your statement should include the following:

    1.     MOs – under what setting events is the behavior more likely to occur

    2.     Antecedents (NOT “triggers”) –  Sds that occur before the behavior and signal the availability of reinforcement for the target behavior

    3.     Target behavior(s)

    4.     Hypothesized function (maintaining reinforcer for target behavior such as escape/avoidance, attention, access, or automatic positive/negative reinforcement).

    **Notes:**

    i) There can be different functions for each target behavior, but please identify the most likely function for each behavior.

    ii) It is possible for all target behaviors to be maintained by the same function, which should be stated if that is the case.

    iii) Use one of the four functions in the behavior analytic literature mentioned above.

    iv) Be sure to specify what reinforcer is linked to the function (e.g., attention may be the function, and the reinforcer might be teacher praise, or playing with a peer, etc.).

    **Be sure to turn in your completed assessments**.

    **Please note:** Your assignment should be submitted in a
    **Word Document** format
    **using Times New Roman 12.** The assignment must use APA format (see link to APA publication style in the course site resources.)  Please include an appropriate heading on your paper and references to support methods or procedures used.

    **Please be sure to save your work using the naming convention:**

    Student last name, first name, ABA 503 Assignment 2

    **FAOFInstructions.pdf**

    This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/faofinstructions-pdf)

    **FunctionalAssessmentObservationForm.docx**

    This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/functionalassessmentobservationform-docx)

    **## ABA503Assignment2GradingRubric-StudentVersion.pdf**

    ABA503 Assignment 2 Rubric

    Grading item

    Completely accurate

    in content and

    clearly articulated

    Partially inaccurate

    in content OR

    somewhat unclear in

    articulation

    Partially inaccurate

    in content AND

    unclear in

    articulation

    Item is missing or

    completely

    inaccurate in content

    Total

    Completed FAOF

    using data provided

    25 17 8 0

    Description of FAOF

    (what it is and why

    you use it)

    5 3 1 0

    Analysis and

    summary of data

    (i.e., what patterns of

    target behavior

    occurred)

    20 14 6 0

    Hypothesis

    statement—MOs and

    Sds

    10 7 3 0

    Hypothesis

    statement—Target

    Behaviors

    10 7 3 0

    Hypothesis statement

    – Hypothesized

    Function plus specific

    maintaining

    reinforcer(s) (For

    example: attention is

    the function and

    teacher reprimands

    serve as the form of

    attention that is the

    specific reinforcer.)

    20

    (half for function and

    half for reinforcer)

    14

    6 0

    Overall Writing

    (clarity, APA style

    formatting, proper

    citations)

    10 7 3 0

    Final Grade

    Additional Comments:

    APA Style Links:

    1) Sample student paper using APA style: https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/paper-format/student-annotated.pdf

    2) Student Paper Setup Guide: https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/student-paper-setup-guide.pdf

    3) Heading Levels Template for a Student Paper: https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/heading-template-student-paper.pdf

    4) Student Title Page Guide: https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/student-title-page-guide.pdf

    5) Reference Examples: https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/references/examples

    [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/paper-format/student-annotated.pdf](https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/paper-format/student-annotated.pdf)

    [https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/student-paper-setup-guide.pdf](https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/student-paper-setup-guide.pdf)

    [https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/heading-template-student-paper.pdf](https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/heading-template-student-paper.pdf)

    [https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/heading-template-student-paper.pdf](https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/heading-template-student-paper.pdf)

    [https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/student-title-page-guide.pdf](https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/student-title-page-guide.pdf)

    [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/references/examples](https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/references/examples)

    **## Assignment2Instructions.docx**

    **Assignment 2**

    For this assignment, you will be using the data from assignment 1 (indirect assessment) and conducting the direct assessment portion of the functional behavior assessment (FBA). You will then write a hypothesis statement about the possible function of the target behavior(s).

    **Specific directions for Assignment 2:**

    **1) Complete the Direct Assessment:**

    You will use the
    [**Functional Assessment Observation Form**](https://onlineclasslogin.s3.amazonaws.com/Martinsburg%20College/ABA503/0624/Functional%20Assessment%20Observation%20Form.docx) (FAOF, O’Neil et. al., 1997)

    **Note:** when you click the link, the form will be downloaded as a Word document.

    Refer to
    [**these instructions**](https://onlineclasslogin.s3.amazonaws.com/Martinsburg%20College/ABA503/0624/FAOF%20Instructions.pdf) for information on how to use this form.

    Remember to review the recorded lecture “
    [**How to Use Common Functional Assessment Tools: the MAS, QABF, FAI, and FAOF**](https://mwp.onlineclasslogin.com/mod/page/view.php?id=46816)” by Dr. Michael Weinberg, which explains how to use this form.

    Another example of how to use this form is provided in this
    [**video**](https://youtu.be/0D_NUeen4js?si=YEtwZitqRnweTm5j).

    **2) For the sake of this assignment, we will focus on occurrences of the problem behavior at school. Therefore, the direct assessment data will be collected based on school observations.**

    Use the information about the daily classroom schedule and the hypothetical data listed below to fill out the FAOF.

    **Class Schedule:**

    8:00 – 8:30 Homeroom activities

    8:30 – 9:30 Math

    9:30 – 10:00 Free choice activities in the classroom

    10:00 -11:00 Reading

    11:00 – 11:30 Lunch in the cafeteria

    11:30 – 12:00 Recess on the playground with 2 other classes

    12:00 – 12:30 Science

    12:30 – 1:00 Social Studies

    1:00 – 2:00 “Specials” (music, art, etc. – conducted with at least one other class of students)

    2:00 – 2:30 Waiting for transportation while in the gym (multiple classes present)

    **Observational Data:** (You can make up the dates.)

    Day 1 – occurrences of problem behavior at 11:15 am and 11:45 am.

    Day 2 – occurrences of problem behavior at 11:40 am and 2:10 pm.

    Day 3 – occurrences of problem behavior at 11:10 am, 1:10 pm, and 2:20 pm.

    Day 4 – occurrences of problem behavior at 11:50 am, 1:20 pm, and 2:05 pm.

    Day 5 – occurrences of problem behavior at 11:20 am, 11:50 am, and 2:15 pm.

    Day 6 – occurrences of problem behavior at 11:55 am, 1:50 pm, and 2:25 pm.

    Day 7 – occurrences of problem behavior at 11:25 am, 11:55 am, and 2:08 pm.

    **3) Write 2-3 paragraphs that contain the following information:**

    a. A description of the FAOF (what it is and why you would use it).

    b. An analysis and summary of the patterns of the target behavior (i.e., the time(s) of day, day(s) of occurrence, and circumstances or setting/people involved when the behavior is occurring with highest frequency).

    c. A hypothesis statement in which you write a statement of the hypothesized function of the target behavior based on the data from your descriptive (indirect and direct) assessment. Your statement should include the following:

    1.     MOs – under what setting events is the behavior more likely to occur

    2.     Antecedents (NOT “triggers”) –  Sds that occur before the behavior and signal the availability of reinforcement for the target behavior

    3.     Target behavior(s)

    4.     Hypothesized function (maintaining reinforcer for target behavior such as escape/avoidance, attention, access, or automatic positive/negative reinforcement).

    **Notes:**

    i) There can be different functions for each target behavior, but please identify the most likely function for each behavior.

    ii) It is possible for all target behaviors to be maintained by the same function, which should be stated if that is the case.

    iii) Use one of the four functions in the behavior analytic literature mentioned above.

    iv) Be sure to specify what reinforcer is linked to the function (e.g., attention may be the function, and the reinforcer might be teacher praise, or playing with a peer, etc.).

    **Be sure to turn in your completed assessments**.

    **Please note:** Your assignment should be submitted in a
    **Word Document** format
    **using Times New Roman 12.** The assignment must use APA format (see link to APA publication style in the course site resources.)  Please include an appropriate heading on your paper and references to support methods or procedures used.

    **Please be sure to save your work using the naming convention:**

    Student last name, first name, ABA 503 Assignment 2

    **FAOFInstructions.pdf**

    This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/faofinstructions-pdf)

    **FunctionalAssessmentObservationForm.docx**

    This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/functionalassessmentobservationform-docx)

    – 1
    – 2
    – 3
    – 4

  • [Solved] Discuss

    ✓ Verified Academic Solution Available

    Executive Solution Overview

    In-depth study guidance and analytical solution covering Discuss.

    Instant Solution Download

    $6.99

    Immediate access to the full model answer, formatted citations, and rubric breakdown.

    Need a Fresh Custom Paper?

    Have this question answered from scratch according to your specific instructions and deadline.

    Order on TutorsGallery →

    Assignment Prompt & Instructions

    Full assignment prompt and step-by-step guidance are included in the downloadable solution file.

  • [Solved] Discuss

    ✓ Verified Academic Solution Available

    Executive Solution Overview

    In-depth study guidance and analytical solution covering Discuss.

    Instant Solution Download

    $6.99

    Immediate access to the full model answer, formatted citations, and rubric breakdown.

    Need a Fresh Custom Paper?

    Have this question answered from scratch according to your specific instructions and deadline.

    Order on TutorsGallery →

    Assignment Prompt & Instructions

    Full assignment prompt and step-by-step guidance are included in the downloadable solution file.

  • [Solved] Psychology writing assignment

    ✓ Verified Academic Solution Available

    Executive Solution Overview

    – ## Psychology1.docx **## Psychology1.docx** **Psychology 2314 Student Learning Outcomes Essay (Obesity)** 1. The Vaughn Library or any other reputable sources can be used to conduct research when completing this assignment. Some possible sources of information are: Nation Master, Center for Disea…

    Instant Solution Download

    $6.99

    Immediate access to the full model answer, formatted citations, and rubric breakdown.

    Need a Fresh Custom Paper?

    Have this question answered from scratch according to your specific instructions and deadline.

    Order on TutorsGallery →

    Assignment Prompt & Instructions

    – ## Psychology1.docx

    **## Psychology1.docx**

    **Psychology 2314 Student Learning Outcomes Essay (Obesity)**

    1. The Vaughn Library or any other reputable sources can be used to conduct research when completing this assignment. Some possible sources of information are: Nation Master, Center for Disease Control, World Health Organization and Global Health Observatory Data Repository.

    2. Students in Lifespan Development courses are to write an essay to compare the overall obesity rates in 3 different countries. Discuss different factors for the changing obesity rates, possibly including changes in the economies of the chosen countries, cultural and lifestyle changes, and other factors that you find relevant. Also, discuss the consequences of rising obesity rates on both individual health and for society as a whole.

    3. Select 3 countries from the following list for the obesity statistics, as well as any other accompanying facts that might be related. The countries to choose from are: United States, Canada, Japan, Mexico, Denmark, France, Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Russia. From that data, create one bar chart. That chart should be expressed in percentages that compare the trend of changes in the rate of the population in each country that were obese in the past compared to the current obesity rate. Use data from about ten to fifteen years ago and compare it to the most recent statistics you are able to locate for each of the three selected countries. Be sure to clearly label your bar chart to show selected countries, percentages of population obesity and the year(s) when statistics were compiled.

    4. Label the last paragraph in your essay as “Conclusion”. For your conclusion, discuss ideas or initiatives that a social worker or government official might suggest to deal with changing obesity rates in order to help people live healthier lives.

    5. The assignment should include a cover sheet with name, date, title of your essay, at least 2 FULL pages of text, the labeled bar chart, and the final References page for a total of at least 5 pages.

    6. The document is to be double spaced, using standard 1 inch margins, and a 12 point font. Use spell check and grammar check or use the Pearson Writing software to check your paper for typos or grammatical errors before turning in a neat, accurate and high quality product.

    7. Do NOT copy and paste in this paper. Use your own words. A plagiarism software SimCheck will be used to check for duplicated works. If you want to quote a small portion, you may do so, but be sure to enclose in quotation marks and reference this on the References page as well as all your research sources with correct APA citations.

    **## Psychology1.docx**

    **Psychology 2314 Student Learning Outcomes Essay (Obesity)**

    1. The Vaughn Library or any other reputable sources can be used to conduct research when completing this assignment. Some possible sources of information are: Nation Master, Center for Disease Control, World Health Organization and Global Health Observatory Data Repository.

    2. Students in Lifespan Development courses are to write an essay to compare the overall obesity rates in 3 different countries. Discuss different factors for the changing obesity rates, possibly including changes in the economies of the chosen countries, cultural and lifestyle changes, and other factors that you find relevant. Also, discuss the consequences of rising obesity rates on both individual health and for society as a whole.

    3. Select 3 countries from the following list for the obesity statistics, as well as any other accompanying facts that might be related. The countries to choose from are: United States, Canada, Japan, Mexico, Denmark, France, Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Russia. From that data, create one bar chart. That chart should be expressed in percentages that compare the trend of changes in the rate of the population in each country that were obese in the past compared to the current obesity rate. Use data from about ten to fifteen years ago and compare it to the most recent statistics you are able to locate for each of the three selected countries. Be sure to clearly label your bar chart to show selected countries, percentages of population obesity and the year(s) when statistics were compiled.

    4. Label the last paragraph in your essay as “Conclusion”. For your conclusion, discuss ideas or initiatives that a social worker or government official might suggest to deal with changing obesity rates in order to help people live healthier lives.

    5. The assignment should include a cover sheet with name, date, title of your essay, at least 2 FULL pages of text, the labeled bar chart, and the final References page for a total of at least 5 pages.

    6. The document is to be double spaced, using standard 1 inch margins, and a 12 point font. Use spell check and grammar check or use the Pearson Writing software to check your paper for typos or grammatical errors before turning in a neat, accurate and high quality product.

    7. Do NOT copy and paste in this paper. Use your own words. A plagiarism software SimCheck will be used to check for duplicated works. If you want to quote a small portion, you may do so, but be sure to enclose in quotation marks and reference this on the References page as well as all your research sources with correct APA citations.

  • [Solved] Discussion post

    ✓ Verified Academic Solution Available

    Executive Solution Overview

    175 words each **Discussion post 1** I would say that people tend to disagree about the amount of fear and anxiety that technology can bring to society, there is quite a dispute. Every day, new technologies are developed and continue to make every aspect of life easier. This could lead both to a mor…

    Instant Solution Download

    $6.99

    Immediate access to the full model answer, formatted citations, and rubric breakdown.

    Need a Fresh Custom Paper?

    Have this question answered from scratch according to your specific instructions and deadline.

    Order on TutorsGallery →

    Assignment Prompt & Instructions

    175 words each
    **Discussion post 1**
    I would say that people tend to disagree about the amount of fear and anxiety that technology can bring to society, there is quite a dispute. Every day, new technologies are developed and continue to make every aspect of life easier. This could lead both to a more comfortable future, or make people more dependent on the technology, which could make life more difficult. Constantly being connected to technology affects your social interactions and there is not much physical movement when sitting at a computer all day. People don't socially interact like they used to, and it shows in the youth of today. The stress that can come from constantly being on your phone can also affect your personal life. Too much information can cause stress, depression, and anxiety.
    I would suggest that people schedule a period of time during the day to "unplug" from all technology to exercise and eat more healthily. Making a calendar with designated times to get up and stretch, take a walk, or have family game night could help people connect in a social way. Bring back the human aspect of life, before the robots take over the world.
    References:
    BibliU. (n.d.-q). _BibliU – Reader_. My App. https://bibliu.com/app/?bibliuMagicToken=3IVQebZD4jnNqq35eWRkOcIZfg9sZJgF#/view/books/9781071803516/epub/OEBPS/s9781071805275.i456.html#page_45
    Discussion post. 2
    Technology has become such a constant part of our lives that it's hard to imagine functioning without it.  I think it's also easy to forget how much we use it because we take some things for granted (as I shared last week, I totally forgot about the fact that I use my nav every day to avoid construction and traffic).  While all of the technology available to us offers convenience, having instant access to information and connection can also raise our stress levels.  Chayko (2021) explains that digital devices have become companions that keep us tethered to constant stimulation and social comparison.  That is something I have felt personally, especially when I used to spend too much time scrolling through social media.
    In September, I decided to take a complete break from social media to reset my mental health.  I deleted all of the apps from my phone except Pinterest, since it doesn't have the same addictive pull.  The difference in my anxiety was immediate, although I do believe I suffered actual withdrawal symptoms from not getting all of the dopamine hits.  Overall, I felt calmer, more focused, and more present in my real life.  I noticed I was sleeping better and worrying less about other people's opinions.  I also stopped shopping as much – I was definitely being influenced to buy things I did not need.
    According to the American Psychological Association (2023), heavy technology use can raise cortisol levels and contribute to symptoms of stress and burnout.  I've definitely found that to be true – I was not giving myself time to think or feel my feelings, I was just numbing myself with doom scrolling.  I everyone should try to set intentional offline times and/or try to create some clear boundaries to make technology feel more like a tool that WE use instead of US feeling being the tool that IS BEING used.  Whether it's social media, podcasts, leaving the TV on for "background noise" – making some intentional quiet time to just BE.
    References:
    Americal Psychological Association. (2023). _Stress in America: The state of our nation._ https://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/stress
    Chayko, M. (2021). _Superconnected: The internet, digital media, and tecno-social life_ (3rd ed.). SAGE Publications, Inc.