Tag: Homework Solution

Assignment Prompt & Instructions

I need to make a research paper

– 2 years ago

**files (4)**

– ## ExampleProjectOutline.docx

– ## 2.OrthoConditionsProject.pdf

– ## hipreplacementessayforortho.docx

– ## OrthoConditionsProjectPaperRubric.docx

**## ExampleProjectOutline.docx**

Vertebral Compression Fracture

I. Overview of Vertebral Compression Fractures

a. Etiology & Anatomy

b. Population

c. Mechanism of Injury

II. Medical Interventions

a. Imaging and Assessments

1. XRAY

2. MRI

3. Bone Density

b. Medications

c. Surgical Interventions

1. Kyphoplasty

2. Vertebroplasty

d. Expected Outcomes

1. Time Frame

III. Physical Therapy Interventions

a. Precautions & Contraindications

b. Bracing

c. Modalities

1. Name each one in its own bullet

2. Hot Pack

d. Acute Phase

1. Name specifics here

2. Abdominal Bracing and pelvic tilts

e. Subacute Phase

1. Name Specifics here

2. Treadmill

f. Chronic Phase

1. Upright Bike

2. Stretching

a. Open Book

g. Interventions outside PTA Scope of Work

1. List Here

2. Sharp Debridement

IV. Treatment Plan s/p 3 weeks

a. List Treatment Here

b. Warm-up

c. Ther Ex

1. Core stability – pelvic tilts, bridging, clams

V. Treatment plan s/p 12 weeks (3 mos.)

a. List Treatment Here

b. Warm-up

c. Ther Ex

1. Core stability

****References should go on their own page. Need to list ALL references including textbooks and websites.

· References need to be in APA style which means the journal should be italicized and include DOI or where retrieved from.

**## 2.OrthoConditionsProject.pdf**

Physical Therapist Assistant Program

PHT 2256 Orthopedic Conditions Project

“What evidence is there to support the use of (modality) in the treatment of (orthopedic condition)?”

(condition to be selected at random by instructor)

This project is a total of 119 pts and will consist of:

Project Paper (56 pts.)

Project Visual Presentation (36 pts.)

Project Oral Presentation (20 pts.)

Due Date:

April 14th

Project Research Paper (via Turnitin.com)

Project PPT (via email)

Recorded Oral Presentation (via USB)

Instructions: You must use the LIRN database via the FNU library to locate and analyze at minimum two

research articles related to your topic from scholarly journals no older than 2017. You are required to submit a

research paper, a PPT presentation, and a recorded oral presentation based on your analysis (see project rubrics

for specific grading). Articles may be approved by instructor prior to commencement of project. You are to use

multiple other references when collecting information related to your condition.

Content: The research paper MUST address all of the topics/questions on the following page. You may use

your orthopedic textbook and other appropriate sources for information related to the condition. Any

information that is specific to your condition should be included.

Format/Style: The research paper and all references (books/journals) must be in APA style. You are required

to visit the Writing Studio a minimum of one time for feedback.

Resources for proper citation: https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/

Structure: Cover page, introduction, body, conclusion, references page, main articles (include title pages only)

Plagiarism: All content in the research paper must be your own thoughts. All information taken from

textbooks, scholarly journals, or other sources MUST be cited within the research paper and cited in the

references. Any plagiarism will result in an automatic “0” on the project.

[https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/](https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/)

Assigned Orthopedic Condition:

1. How does your selected condition typically occur? What anatomical structures are involved? What is the

mechanism of injury? What happens and what types of trauma or disease processes cause it? Be specific

and thorough.

2. What population does your selected condition typically affect? Be specific and thorough.

3. What medical interventions (outside of physical therapy) are, or may be, required?

4. What precautions or contraindications must the PTA be aware of during the patient’s medical treatment

and/or during recovery? List all that apply.

5. What are the physiological effects of the modalities you found to be most effective?

6. How are these modalities effective in treating your selected condition? Be thorough.

7. What other types of PT interventions are typically used to treat your selected condition during the:

a. acute phase

b. subacute phase

c. chronic or full function phase

d. During which phase are the modalities most effective? Provide a detailed explanation of why.

8. What is the typical time frame for full recovery OR how long following medical intervention until the

patient is considered able to return to full functional abilities? Be specific and thorough.

9. Create an example daily treatment plan for the patient at both 2 weeks and 2 months following

injury/medical intervention based on information found during your research. Be sure to include all

modalities found to be effective.

EXAMPLE TX PLAN –

Example: Pectoralis Major Strain – 2 weeks s/p injury

Warm up – 10 mins UBE

Seated Reverse Fly 3 x 15 reps w/ 15lb

Pulsed US 10 mins (L) Pec Major

Manual therapy 15 mins – STM, DTM, trigger point release, cross-friction, active release to (L) pec

major, minor, subclavius, UT, and coracobrachialis

3-way shoulder standing 3 x 12 reps w/ 5lb dumbbell (B)

Rows seated on physioball w/ dark green tubing 2 x 25 reps

PNF D1 and D2 Flexion w/ light green tubing 4 x 5 reps (B)

Low, Mid, and High Pec stretches in door way 3 x 15sec each

Seated upper trap stretch 3 x 30 sec (B)

IFC E-stim w/ cold pack (L) Shoulder 15 mins

**## hipreplacementessayforortho.docx**

Analysis of Hip Replacement Procedures in the United States

Hip replacement, also known as hip arthroplasty, is a common surgical procedure used to treat severe osteoarthritis and other joint diseases. In the United States, this procedure has proven to be effective in relieving pain, restoring function, and improving the patient's quality of life. However, its success depends on several key factors, including the criteria for the procedure, the optimal age for receiving it, post-operative precautions, and the crucial role of the physical therapist in-patient rehabilitation. Below, three fundamental points are analyzed to better understand this process.

1. Criteria for the Hip Replacement Procedure

Hip replacement is considered when other treatment options, such as medications, physical therapy, or lifestyle changes, are insufficient to alleviate pain and improve joint function. The main criteria for considering surgery include severe pain that cannot be controlled with medication, reduced mobility that limits the ability to perform daily activities, and structural damage to the hip, which can result from arthritis, fractures, or degenerative diseases. Physicians conduct a thorough physical examination and use imaging studies, such as X-rays or MRIs, to assess the extent of the damage and determine whether hip replacement is the most appropriate option.

In addition to these factors, the overall health of the patient plays a crucial role. In many cases, the procedure is only recommended when the patient is in good enough physical condition to undergo major surgery. This means the patient should be free from infections or serious health problems that could compromise recovery. People with well-controlled chronic diseases, such as diabetes or hypertension, can generally undergo the surgery with greater safety, provided they are monitored appropriately.

2. Optimal Age for the Procedure

Although there is no "perfect age" for hip replacement, most studies indicate that the most common age for this procedure is between 60 and 80 years old. This is because, within this age range, arthritis and other hip disorders become more prevalent, and patients' quality of life can be severely affected by chronic pain and loss of mobility. However, each case is unique. Younger patients, even those in their 40s or 50s, may also be candidates, especially if their hip is severely damaged due to trauma or rare diseases.

It is important to note that opting for the procedure at a younger age can have long-term implications, as hip prostheses are not permanent and tend to wear out over time. In this sense, orthopedic surgeons must carefully evaluate the balance between the immediate need for pain relief and the risks associated with surgery at a younger age. For older adults, the surgery is typically considered when daily activities are severely limited, and the risks of surgery are considered manageable given the patient's overall health.

3. Post-Operative Precautions and the Role of the Physical Therapist

Post-operative precautions are crucial for a successful recovery after a hip replacement. Following the surgery, it is essential for the patient to follow medical instructions to avoid complications such as infections, dislocations, or damage to surrounding tissues. In the first few days, the patient is typically advised to rest and limit hip movement to allow the prosthesis to settle securely. Certain movements, such as crossing the legs or turning the leg outward, should be avoided as they may cause the prosthesis to dislocate.

Rehabilitation plays a critical role in post-operative recovery, and this is where the physical therapist becomes vital. Physical therapists are responsible for designing an individualized rehabilitation program to restore strength, range of motion, and functionality to the replaced hip. This rehabilitation process includes specific exercises to strengthen the muscles around the hip, improve stability, and prevent complications like blood clots or muscle weakness. Furthermore, the physical therapist teaches the patient how to perform daily activities safely, which is essential for preventing further injuries and promoting independence.

Close follow-up with the physical therapist during the first few weeks and months after surgery is essential to ensure the patient recovers adequately. Throughout this process, the physical therapist may adjust the treatment plan based on the patient's needs and progress. Additionally, therapists provide emotional and motivational support, which can be crucial, especially for older patients who may feel anxious about their ability to regain mobility.

Conclusion

Hip replacement in the United States is a highly effective procedure for treating severe hip disorders, but its success depends on careful evaluation of the criteria for surgery, the patient's age, and post-operative care. As the population ages, more individuals are expected to undergo this type of surgery. Rehabilitation, under the guidance of a physical therapist, is a fundamental aspect of ensuring a successful recovery and improving the patient's long-term quality of life. The combination of sound medical judgment, rigorous post-operative management, and a well-structured rehabilitation program is essential for the success of this procedure.

“Hip osteoarthritis is a substantial contributor to disability, affecting 33 million persons worldwide”

“More than 1 million total hip replacements are performed yearly worldwide”

Frydendal, T., Christensen, R., Mechlenburg, I., Mikkelsen, L. R., Varnum, C., Graversen, A. E., Kjærsgaard-Andersen, P., Revald, P. H., Hofbauer, C., Bieder, M. J., Qassim, H., Munir, M. S., Jakobsen, S. S., Nielsen, S. M., Ingwersen, K. G., & Overgaard, S. (2024). Total Hip Replacement or Resistance Training for Severe Hip Osteoarthritis. The New England Journal of Medicine, 391(17), 1610-1620.
[https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2400141](https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2400141)

“Surgical indications for hip arthroplasty are guided by pain, functional impairment, physical examination, and radiographic findings”

“The US National Institutes of Health 1995 position statement for total hip arthroplasty recommended surgery for patients with chronic pain and significant functional impairment.”

Pivec, R., Johnson, A. J., Mears, S. C., & Mont, M. A. (2012). Hip arthroplasty. The Lancet, 380(9855), 1768-77. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60607-2

“a Finnish study reported that 45% of prosthetic implant surgeries are performed on people under the age of 65”

Kuijer, P. P., F, M., de Beer, M. J., P, , M., Houdijk, J. H., P., & Frings-dresen, M. (2009). Beneficial and Limiting Factors Affecting Return to Work After Total Knee and Hip Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review. Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation, 19(4), 375-81. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10926-009-9192-1

**## OrthoConditionsProjectPaperRubric.docx**


**Physical Therapist Assistant Program PHT 2256 Orthopedic Conditions and Rehabilitation Research Paper Rubric (56 pts.)**

| | | | | | |
| — | — | — | — | — | — |
| **CATEGORY** | **7** | **5** | **3** | **0** | **Pts** |
| **Sources** | Use of a minimum of 2 scholarly journal sources no more than 5 years old. | Use of 1 scholarly journal sources. Or at least one of the sources is more than 5 years old. | Use of 1 scholarly journal source and a couple textbook or internet sources. | Sources are only from textbook or internet sources OR not applicable. | |
| **Citation Style** | Cover page, in-text citations, page layout, and references are in APA style. | Only 2-3 aspects are in APA style. | Only 1 aspect is in APA style. | None of the paper is in APA style | |
| **References** | All references are documented in APA style in the references page. | 75-99% of the references are documented in APA style in the references page. | 50-74% of the references are documented in APA style in the references page. | 49% or less of the references are documented in APA style in the references page. | |
| **Construction/ Organization** | Information is very organized with well-constructed paragraphs. Clear Introduction, body, and conclusion. | Information is organized with well-constructed paragraphs. Introduction, body, and conclusion. | Information is organized, but paragraphs are not well-constructed. Introduction, body, and conclusion are not very clear. | The information appears to be unorganized. Introduction, body, and conclusion are not clear. | |
| **Quality of Information** | Information clearly relates to the main topic and it includes several supporting details and/or examples. | Information relates to the main topic and it provides 1-2 supporting details and/or examples. | Information vaguely relates to the main topic and limited details and/or examples are provided. | Information has little or nothing to do with the main topic with no supporting examples. | |
| **Content** | All 9 bullets of the instructions are discussed. | 7-8 of the bullets from the instructions are discussed. | 5-6 of the bullets from the instructions are discussed. | 4 or less of the bullets from the instructions are discussed. | |
| **Treatment Plan** | Treatment Plan includes both a 3 week and 3 month visit intervention. Plan is appropriate. | Treatment plan does not include both a 3 week and 3 month intervention plan or plan is inappropriate. | Treatment plans are partially incomplete. | Treatment plans are plagiarized from another source. | |
| **Mechanics** | No grammatical, spelling, or punctuation errors. | 2-3 grammatical, spelling, or punctuation errors | 4-5 grammatical, spelling, or punctuation errors. | 6+ grammatical, spelling, or punctuation errors. | |
| | | | | **Total Points** | |
| | | | | **Grade (%)** | |

Comments:

Student: ________________________________________ Date: _________________________

## image1.png

**## OrthoConditionsProjectPaperRubric.docx**


**Physical Therapist Assistant Program PHT 2256 Orthopedic Conditions and Rehabilitation Research Paper Rubric (56 pts.)**

| | | | | | |
| — | — | — | — | — | — |
| **CATEGORY** | **7** | **5** | **3** | **0** | **Pts** |
| **Sources** | Use of a minimum of 2 scholarly journal sources no more than 5 years old. | Use of 1 scholarly journal sources. Or at least one of the sources is more than 5 years old. | Use of 1 scholarly journal source and a couple textbook or internet sources. | Sources are only from textbook or internet sources OR not applicable. | |
| **Citation Style** | Cover page, in-text citations, page layout, and references are in APA style. | Only 2-3 aspects are in APA style. | Only 1 aspect is in APA style. | None of the paper is in APA style | |
| **References** | All references are documented in APA style in the references page. | 75-99% of the references are documented in APA style in the references page. | 50-74% of the references are documented in APA style in the references page. | 49% or less of the references are documented in APA style in the references page. | |
| **Construction/ Organization** | Information is very organized with well-constructed paragraphs. Clear Introduction, body, and conclusion. | Information is organized with well-constructed paragraphs. Introduction, body, and conclusion. | Information is organized, but paragraphs are not well-constructed. Introduction, body, and conclusion are not very clear. | The information appears to be unorganized. Introduction, body, and conclusion are not clear. | |
| **Quality of Information** | Information clearly relates to the main topic and it includes several supporting details and/or examples. | Information relates to the main topic and it provides 1-2 supporting details and/or examples. | Information vaguely relates to the main topic and limited details and/or examples are provided. | Information has little or nothing to do with the main topic with no supporting examples. | |
| **Content** | All 9 bullets of the instructions are discussed. | 7-8 of the bullets from the instructions are discussed. | 5-6 of the bullets from the instructions are discussed. | 4 or less of the bullets from the instructions are discussed. | |
| **Treatment Plan** | Treatment Plan includes both a 3 week and 3 month visit intervention. Plan is appropriate. | Treatment plan does not include both a 3 week and 3 month intervention plan or plan is inappropriate. | Treatment plans are partially incomplete. | Treatment plans are plagiarized from another source. | |
| **Mechanics** | No grammatical, spelling, or punctuation errors. | 2-3 grammatical, spelling, or punctuation errors | 4-5 grammatical, spelling, or punctuation errors. | 6+ grammatical, spelling, or punctuation errors. | |
| | | | | **Total Points** | |
| | | | | **Grade (%)** | |

Comments:

Student: ________________________________________ Date: _________________________

## image1.png

**## ExampleProjectOutline.docx**

Vertebral Compression Fracture

I. Overview of Vertebral Compression Fractures

a. Etiology & Anatomy

b. Population

c. Mechanism of Injury

II. Medical Interventions

a. Imaging and Assessments

1. XRAY

2. MRI

3. Bone Density

b. Medications

c. Surgical Interventions

1. Kyphoplasty

2. Vertebroplasty

d. Expected Outcomes

1. Time Frame

III. Physical Therapy Interventions

a. Precautions & Contraindications

b. Bracing

c. Modalities

1. Name each one in its own bullet

2. Hot Pack

d. Acute Phase

1. Name specifics here

2. Abdominal Bracing and pelvic tilts

e. Subacute Phase

1. Name Specifics here

2. Treadmill

f. Chronic Phase

1. Upright Bike

2. Stretching

a. Open Book

g. Interventions outside PTA Scope of Work

1. List Here

2. Sharp Debridement

IV. Treatment Plan s/p 3 weeks

a. List Treatment Here

b. Warm-up

c. Ther Ex

1. Core stability – pelvic tilts, bridging, clams

V. Treatment plan s/p 12 weeks (3 mos.)

a. List Treatment Here

b. Warm-up

c. Ther Ex

1. Core stability

****References should go on their own page. Need to list ALL references including textbooks and websites.

· References need to be in APA style which means the journal should be italicized and include DOI or where retrieved from.

**## 2.OrthoConditionsProject.pdf**

Physical Therapist Assistant Program

PHT 2256 Orthopedic Conditions Project

“What evidence is there to support the use of (modality) in the treatment of (orthopedic condition)?”

(condition to be selected at random by instructor)

This project is a total of 119 pts and will consist of:

Project Paper (56 pts.)

Project Visual Presentation (36 pts.)

Project Oral Presentation (20 pts.)

Due Date:

April 14th

Project Research Paper (via Turnitin.com)

Project PPT (via email)

Recorded Oral Presentation (via USB)

Instructions: You must use the LIRN database via the FNU library to locate and analyze at minimum two

research articles related to your topic from scholarly journals no older than 2017. You are required to submit a

research paper, a PPT presentation, and a recorded oral presentation based on your analysis (see project rubrics

for specific grading). Articles may be approved by instructor prior to commencement of project. You are to use

multiple other references when collecting information related to your condition.

Content: The research paper MUST address all of the topics/questions on the following page. You may use

your orthopedic textbook and other appropriate sources for information related to the condition. Any

information that is specific to your condition should be included.

Format/Style: The research paper and all references (books/journals) must be in APA style. You are required

to visit the Writing Studio a minimum of one time for feedback.

Resources for proper citation: https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/

Structure: Cover page, introduction, body, conclusion, references page, main articles (include title pages only)

Plagiarism: All content in the research paper must be your own thoughts. All information taken from

textbooks, scholarly journals, or other sources MUST be cited within the research paper and cited in the

references. Any plagiarism will result in an automatic “0” on the project.

[https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/](https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/)

Assigned Orthopedic Condition:

1. How does your selected condition typically occur? What anatomical structures are involved? What is the

mechanism of injury? What happens and what types of trauma or disease processes cause it? Be specific

and thorough.

2. What population does your selected condition typically affect? Be specific and thorough.

3. What medical interventions (outside of physical therapy) are, or may be, required?

4. What precautions or contraindications must the PTA be aware of during the patient’s medical treatment

and/or during recovery? List all that apply.

5. What are the physiological effects of the modalities you found to be most effective?

6. How are these modalities effective in treating your selected condition? Be thorough.

7. What other types of PT interventions are typically used to treat your selected condition during the:

a. acute phase

b. subacute phase

c. chronic or full function phase

d. During which phase are the modalities most effective? Provide a detailed explanation of why.

8. What is the typical time frame for full recovery OR how long following medical intervention until the

patient is considered able to return to full functional abilities? Be specific and thorough.

9. Create an example daily treatment plan for the patient at both 2 weeks and 2 months following

injury/medical intervention based on information found during your research. Be sure to include all

modalities found to be effective.

EXAMPLE TX PLAN –

Example: Pectoralis Major Strain – 2 weeks s/p injury

Warm up – 10 mins UBE

Seated Reverse Fly 3 x 15 reps w/ 15lb

Pulsed US 10 mins (L) Pec Major

Manual therapy 15 mins – STM, DTM, trigger point release, cross-friction, active release to (L) pec

major, minor, subclavius, UT, and coracobrachialis

3-way shoulder standing 3 x 12 reps w/ 5lb dumbbell (B)

Rows seated on physioball w/ dark green tubing 2 x 25 reps

PNF D1 and D2 Flexion w/ light green tubing 4 x 5 reps (B)

Low, Mid, and High Pec stretches in door way 3 x 15sec each

Seated upper trap stretch 3 x 30 sec (B)

IFC E-stim w/ cold pack (L) Shoulder 15 mins

**## hipreplacementessayforortho.docx**

Analysis of Hip Replacement Procedures in the United States

Hip replacement, also known as hip arthroplasty, is a common surgical procedure used to treat severe osteoarthritis and other joint diseases. In the United States, this procedure has proven to be effective in relieving pain, restoring function, and improving the patient's quality of life. However, its success depends on several key factors, including the criteria for the procedure, the optimal age for receiving it, post-operative precautions, and the crucial role of the physical therapist in-patient rehabilitation. Below, three fundamental points are analyzed to better understand this process.

1. Criteria for the Hip Replacement Procedure

Hip replacement is considered when other treatment options, such as medications, physical therapy, or lifestyle changes, are insufficient to alleviate pain and improve joint function. The main criteria for considering surgery include severe pain that cannot be controlled with medication, reduced mobility that limits the ability to perform daily activities, and structural damage to the hip, which can result from arthritis, fractures, or degenerative diseases. Physicians conduct a thorough physical examination and use imaging studies, such as X-rays or MRIs, to assess the extent of the damage and determine whether hip replacement is the most appropriate option.

In addition to these factors, the overall health of the patient plays a crucial role. In many cases, the procedure is only recommended when the patient is in good enough physical condition to undergo major surgery. This means the patient should be free from infections or serious health problems that could compromise recovery. People with well-controlled chronic diseases, such as diabetes or hypertension, can generally undergo the surgery with greater safety, provided they are monitored appropriately.

2. Optimal Age for the Procedure

Although there is no "perfect age" for hip replacement, most studies indicate that the most common age for this procedure is between 60 and 80 years old. This is because, within this age range, arthritis and other hip disorders become more prevalent, and patients' quality of life can be severely affected by chronic pain and loss of mobility. However, each case is unique. Younger patients, even those in their 40s or 50s, may also be candidates, especially if their hip is severely damaged due to trauma or rare diseases.

It is important to note that opting for the procedure at a younger age can have long-term implications, as hip prostheses are not permanent and tend to wear out over time. In this sense, orthopedic surgeons must carefully evaluate the balance between the immediate need for pain relief and the risks associated with surgery at a younger age. For older adults, the surgery is typically considered when daily activities are severely limited, and the risks of surgery are considered manageable given the patient's overall health.

3. Post-Operative Precautions and the Role of the Physical Therapist

Post-operative precautions are crucial for a successful recovery after a hip replacement. Following the surgery, it is essential for the patient to follow medical instructions to avoid complications such as infections, dislocations, or damage to surrounding tissues. In the first few days, the patient is typically advised to rest and limit hip movement to allow the prosthesis to settle securely. Certain movements, such as crossing the legs or turning the leg outward, should be avoided as they may cause the prosthesis to dislocate.

Rehabilitation plays a critical role in post-operative recovery, and this is where the physical therapist becomes vital. Physical therapists are responsible for designing an individualized rehabilitation program to restore strength, range of motion, and functionality to the replaced hip. This rehabilitation process includes specific exercises to strengthen the muscles around the hip, improve stability, and prevent complications like blood clots or muscle weakness. Furthermore, the physical therapist teaches the patient how to perform daily activities safely, which is essential for preventing further injuries and promoting independence.

Close follow-up with the physical therapist during the first few weeks and months after surgery is essential to ensure the patient recovers adequately. Throughout this process, the physical therapist may adjust the treatment plan based on the patient's needs and progress. Additionally, therapists provide emotional and motivational support, which can be crucial, especially for older patients who may feel anxious about their ability to regain mobility.

Conclusion

Hip replacement in the United States is a highly effective procedure for treating severe hip disorders, but its success depends on careful evaluation of the criteria for surgery, the patient's age, and post-operative care. As the population ages, more individuals are expected to undergo this type of surgery. Rehabilitation, under the guidance of a physical therapist, is a fundamental aspect of ensuring a successful recovery and improving the patient's long-term quality of life. The combination of sound medical judgment, rigorous post-operative management, and a well-structured rehabilitation program is essential for the success of this procedure.

“Hip osteoarthritis is a substantial contributor to disability, affecting 33 million persons worldwide”

“More than 1 million total hip replacements are performed yearly worldwide”

Frydendal, T., Christensen, R., Mechlenburg, I., Mikkelsen, L. R., Varnum, C., Graversen, A. E., Kjærsgaard-Andersen, P., Revald, P. H., Hofbauer, C., Bieder, M. J., Qassim, H., Munir, M. S., Jakobsen, S. S., Nielsen, S. M., Ingwersen, K. G., & Overgaard, S. (2024). Total Hip Replacement or Resistance Training for Severe Hip Osteoarthritis. The New England Journal of Medicine, 391(17), 1610-1620.
[https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2400141](https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2400141)

“Surgical indications for hip arthroplasty are guided by pain, functional impairment, physical examination, and radiographic findings”

“The US National Institutes of Health 1995 position statement for total hip arthroplasty recommended surgery for patients with chronic pain and significant functional impairment.”

Pivec, R., Johnson, A. J., Mears, S. C., & Mont, M. A. (2012). Hip arthroplasty. The Lancet, 380(9855), 1768-77. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60607-2

“a Finnish study reported that 45% of prosthetic implant surgeries are performed on people under the age of 65”

Kuijer, P. P., F, M., de Beer, M. J., P, , M., Houdijk, J. H., P., & Frings-dresen, M. (2009). Beneficial and Limiting Factors Affecting Return to Work After Total Knee and Hip Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review. Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation, 19(4), 375-81. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10926-009-9192-1

**## OrthoConditionsProjectPaperRubric.docx**


**Physical Therapist Assistant Program PHT 2256 Orthopedic Conditions and Rehabilitation Research Paper Rubric (56 pts.)**

| | | | | | |
| — | — | — | — | — | — |
| **CATEGORY** | **7** | **5** | **3** | **0** | **Pts** |
| **Sources** | Use of a minimum of 2 scholarly journal sources no more than 5 years old. | Use of 1 scholarly journal sources. Or at least one of the sources is more than 5 years old. | Use of 1 scholarly journal source and a couple textbook or internet sources. | Sources are only from textbook or internet sources OR not applicable. | |
| **Citation Style** | Cover page, in-text citations, page layout, and references are in APA style. | Only 2-3 aspects are in APA style. | Only 1 aspect is in APA style. | None of the paper is in APA style | |
| **References** | All references are documented in APA style in the references page. | 75-99% of the references are documented in APA style in the references page. | 50-74% of the references are documented in APA style in the references page. | 49% or less of the references are documented in APA style in the references page. | |
| **Construction/ Organization** | Information is very organized with well-constructed paragraphs. Clear Introduction, body, and conclusion. | Information is organized with well-constructed paragraphs. Introduction, body, and conclusion. | Information is organized, but paragraphs are not well-constructed. Introduction, body, and conclusion are not very clear. | The information appears to be unorganized. Introduction, body, and conclusion are not clear. | |
| **Quality of Information** | Information clearly relates to the main topic and it includes several supporting details and/or examples. | Information relates to the main topic and it provides 1-2 supporting details and/or examples. | Information vaguely relates to the main topic and limited details and/or examples are provided. | Information has little or nothing to do with the main topic with no supporting examples. | |
| **Content** | All 9 bullets of the instructions are discussed. | 7-8 of the bullets from the instructions are discussed. | 5-6 of the bullets from the instructions are discussed. | 4 or less of the bullets from the instructions are discussed. | |
| **Treatment Plan** | Treatment Plan includes both a 3 week and 3 month visit intervention. Plan is appropriate. | Treatment plan does not include both a 3 week and 3 month intervention plan or plan is inappropriate. | Treatment plans are partially incomplete. | Treatment plans are plagiarized from another source. | |
| **Mechanics** | No grammatical, spelling, or punctuation errors. | 2-3 grammatical, spelling, or punctuation errors | 4-5 grammatical, spelling, or punctuation errors. | 6+ grammatical, spelling, or punctuation errors. | |
| | | | | **Total Points** | |
| | | | | **Grade (%)** | |

Comments:

Student: ________________________________________ Date: _________________________

## image1.png

**## ExampleProjectOutline.docx**

Vertebral Compression Fracture

I. Overview of Vertebral Compression Fractures

a. Etiology & Anatomy

b. Population

c. Mechanism of Injury

II. Medical Interventions

a. Imaging and Assessments

1. XRAY

2. MRI

3. Bone Density

b. Medications

c. Surgical Interventions

1. Kyphoplasty

2. Vertebroplasty

d. Expected Outcomes

1. Time Frame

III. Physical Therapy Interventions

a. Precautions & Contraindications

b. Bracing

c. Modalities

1. Name each one in its own bullet

2. Hot Pack

d. Acute Phase

1. Name specifics here

2. Abdominal Bracing and pelvic tilts

e. Subacute Phase

1. Name Specifics here

2. Treadmill

f. Chronic Phase

1. Upright Bike

2. Stretching

a. Open Book

g. Interventions outside PTA Scope of Work

1. List Here

2. Sharp Debridement

IV. Treatment Plan s/p 3 weeks

a. List Treatment Here

b. Warm-up

c. Ther Ex

1. Core stability – pelvic tilts, bridging, clams

V. Treatment plan s/p 12 weeks (3 mos.)

a. List Treatment Here

b. Warm-up

c. Ther Ex

1. Core stability

****References should go on their own page. Need to list ALL references including textbooks and websites.

· References need to be in APA style which means the journal should be italicized and include DOI or where retrieved from.

**## 2.OrthoConditionsProject.pdf**

Physical Therapist Assistant Program

PHT 2256 Orthopedic Conditions Project

“What evidence is there to support the use of (modality) in the treatment of (orthopedic condition)?”

(condition to be selected at random by instructor)

This project is a total of 119 pts and will consist of:

Project Paper (56 pts.)

Project Visual Presentation (36 pts.)

Project Oral Presentation (20 pts.)

Due Date:

April 14th

Project Research Paper (via Turnitin.com)

Project PPT (via email)

Recorded Oral Presentation (via USB)

Instructions: You must use the LIRN database via the FNU library to locate and analyze at minimum two

research articles related to your topic from scholarly journals no older than 2017. You are required to submit a

research paper, a PPT presentation, and a recorded oral presentation based on your analysis (see project rubrics

for specific grading). Articles may be approved by instructor prior to commencement of project. You are to use

multiple other references when collecting information related to your condition.

Content: The research paper MUST address all of the topics/questions on the following page. You may use

your orthopedic textbook and other appropriate sources for information related to the condition. Any

information that is specific to your condition should be included.

Format/Style: The research paper and all references (books/journals) must be in APA style. You are required

to visit the Writing Studio a minimum of one time for feedback.

Resources for proper citation: https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/

Structure: Cover page, introduction, body, conclusion, references page, main articles (include title pages only)

Plagiarism: All content in the research paper must be your own thoughts. All information taken from

textbooks, scholarly journals, or other sources MUST be cited within the research paper and cited in the

references. Any plagiarism will result in an automatic “0” on the project.

[https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/](https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/)

Assigned Orthopedic Condition:

1. How does your selected condition typically occur? What anatomical structures are involved? What is the

mechanism of injury? What happens and what types of trauma or disease processes cause it? Be specific

and thorough.

2. What population does your selected condition typically affect? Be specific and thorough.

3. What medical interventions (outside of physical therapy) are, or may be, required?

4. What precautions or contraindications must the PTA be aware of during the patient’s medical treatment

and/or during recovery? List all that apply.

5. What are the physiological effects of the modalities you found to be most effective?

6. How are these modalities effective in treating your selected condition? Be thorough.

7. What other types of PT interventions are typically used to treat your selected condition during the:

a. acute phase

b. subacute phase

c. chronic or full function phase

d. During which phase are the modalities most effective? Provide a detailed explanation of why.

8. What is the typical time frame for full recovery OR how long following medical intervention until the

patient is considered able to return to full functional abilities? Be specific and thorough.

9. Create an example daily treatment plan for the patient at both 2 weeks and 2 months following

injury/medical intervention based on information found during your research. Be sure to include all

modalities found to be effective.

EXAMPLE TX PLAN –

Example: Pectoralis Major Strain – 2 weeks s/p injury

Warm up – 10 mins UBE

Seated Reverse Fly 3 x 15 reps w/ 15lb

Pulsed US 10 mins (L) Pec Major

Manual therapy 15 mins – STM, DTM, trigger point release, cross-friction, active release to (L) pec

major, minor, subclavius, UT, and coracobrachialis

3-way shoulder standing 3 x 12 reps w/ 5lb dumbbell (B)

Rows seated on physioball w/ dark green tubing 2 x 25 reps

PNF D1 and D2 Flexion w/ light green tubing 4 x 5 reps (B)

Low, Mid, and High Pec stretches in door way 3 x 15sec each

Seated upper trap stretch 3 x 30 sec (B)

IFC E-stim w/ cold pack (L) Shoulder 15 mins

**## hipreplacementessayforortho.docx**

Analysis of Hip Replacement Procedures in the United States

Hip replacement, also known as hip arthroplasty, is a common surgical procedure used to treat severe osteoarthritis and other joint diseases. In the United States, this procedure has proven to be effective in relieving pain, restoring function, and improving the patient's quality of life. However, its success depends on several key factors, including the criteria for the procedure, the optimal age for receiving it, post-operative precautions, and the crucial role of the physical therapist in-patient rehabilitation. Below, three fundamental points are analyzed to better understand this process.

1. Criteria for the Hip Replacement Procedure

Hip replacement is considered when other treatment options, such as medications, physical therapy, or lifestyle changes, are insufficient to alleviate pain and improve joint function. The main criteria for considering surgery include severe pain that cannot be controlled with medication, reduced mobility that limits the ability to perform daily activities, and structural damage to the hip, which can result from arthritis, fractures, or degenerative diseases. Physicians conduct a thorough physical examination and use imaging studies, such as X-rays or MRIs, to assess the extent of the damage and determine whether hip replacement is the most appropriate option.

In addition to these factors, the overall health of the patient plays a crucial role. In many cases, the procedure is only recommended when the patient is in good enough physical condition to undergo major surgery. This means the patient should be free from infections or serious health problems that could compromise recovery. People with well-controlled chronic diseases, such as diabetes or hypertension, can generally undergo the surgery with greater safety, provided they are monitored appropriately.

2. Optimal Age for the Procedure

Although there is no "perfect age" for hip replacement, most studies indicate that the most common age for this procedure is between 60 and 80 years old. This is because, within this age range, arthritis and other hip disorders become more prevalent, and patients' quality of life can be severely affected by chronic pain and loss of mobility. However, each case is unique. Younger patients, even those in their 40s or 50s, may also be candidates, especially if their hip is severely damaged due to trauma or rare diseases.

It is important to note that opting for the procedure at a younger age can have long-term implications, as hip prostheses are not permanent and tend to wear out over time. In this sense, orthopedic surgeons must carefully evaluate the balance between the immediate need for pain relief and the risks associated with surgery at a younger age. For older adults, the surgery is typically considered when daily activities are severely limited, and the risks of surgery are considered manageable given the patient's overall health.

3. Post-Operative Precautions and the Role of the Physical Therapist

Post-operative precautions are crucial for a successful recovery after a hip replacement. Following the surgery, it is essential for the patient to follow medical instructions to avoid complications such as infections, dislocations, or damage to surrounding tissues. In the first few days, the patient is typically advised to rest and limit hip movement to allow the prosthesis to settle securely. Certain movements, such as crossing the legs or turning the leg outward, should be avoided as they may cause the prosthesis to dislocate.

Rehabilitation plays a critical role in post-operative recovery, and this is where the physical therapist becomes vital. Physical therapists are responsible for designing an individualized rehabilitation program to restore strength, range of motion, and functionality to the replaced hip. This rehabilitation process includes specific exercises to strengthen the muscles around the hip, improve stability, and prevent complications like blood clots or muscle weakness. Furthermore, the physical therapist teaches the patient how to perform daily activities safely, which is essential for preventing further injuries and promoting independence.

Close follow-up with the physical therapist during the first few weeks and months after surgery is essential to ensure the patient recovers adequately. Throughout this process, the physical therapist may adjust the treatment plan based on the patient's needs and progress. Additionally, therapists provide emotional and motivational support, which can be crucial, especially for older patients who may feel anxious about their ability to regain mobility.

Conclusion

Hip replacement in the United States is a highly effective procedure for treating severe hip disorders, but its success depends on careful evaluation of the criteria for surgery, the patient's age, and post-operative care. As the population ages, more individuals are expected to undergo this type of surgery. Rehabilitation, under the guidance of a physical therapist, is a fundamental aspect of ensuring a successful recovery and improving the patient's long-term quality of life. The combination of sound medical judgment, rigorous post-operative management, and a well-structured rehabilitation program is essential for the success of this procedure.

“Hip osteoarthritis is a substantial contributor to disability, affecting 33 million persons worldwide”

“More than 1 million total hip replacements are performed yearly worldwide”

Frydendal, T., Christensen, R., Mechlenburg, I., Mikkelsen, L. R., Varnum, C., Graversen, A. E., Kjærsgaard-Andersen, P., Revald, P. H., Hofbauer, C., Bieder, M. J., Qassim, H., Munir, M. S., Jakobsen, S. S., Nielsen, S. M., Ingwersen, K. G., & Overgaard, S. (2024). Total Hip Replacement or Resistance Training for Severe Hip Osteoarthritis. The New England Journal of Medicine, 391(17), 1610-1620.
[https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2400141](https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2400141)

“Surgical indications for hip arthroplasty are guided by pain, functional impairment, physical examination, and radiographic findings”

“The US National Institutes of Health 1995 position statement for total hip arthroplasty recommended surgery for patients with chronic pain and significant functional impairment.”

Pivec, R., Johnson, A. J., Mears, S. C., & Mont, M. A. (2012). Hip arthroplasty. The Lancet, 380(9855), 1768-77. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60607-2

“a Finnish study reported that 45% of prosthetic implant surgeries are performed on people under the age of 65”

Kuijer, P. P., F, M., de Beer, M. J., P, , M., Houdijk, J. H., P., & Frings-dresen, M. (2009). Beneficial and Limiting Factors Affecting Return to Work After Total Knee and Hip Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review. Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation, 19(4), 375-81. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10926-009-9192-1

**## OrthoConditionsProjectPaperRubric.docx**


**Physical Therapist Assistant Program PHT 2256 Orthopedic Conditions and Rehabilitation Research Paper Rubric (56 pts.)**

| | | | | | |
| — | — | — | — | — | — |
| **CATEGORY** | **7** | **5** | **3** | **0** | **Pts** |
| **Sources** | Use of a minimum of 2 scholarly journal sources no more than 5 years old. | Use of 1 scholarly journal sources. Or at least one of the sources is more than 5 years old. | Use of 1 scholarly journal source and a couple textbook or internet sources. | Sources are only from textbook or internet sources OR not applicable. | |
| **Citation Style** | Cover page, in-text citations, page layout, and references are in APA style. | Only 2-3 aspects are in APA style. | Only 1 aspect is in APA style. | None of the paper is in APA style | |
| **References** | All references are documented in APA style in the references page. | 75-99% of the references are documented in APA style in the references page. | 50-74% of the references are documented in APA style in the references page. | 49% or less of the references are documented in APA style in the references page. | |
| **Construction/ Organization** | Information is very organized with well-constructed paragraphs. Clear Introduction, body, and conclusion. | Information is organized with well-constructed paragraphs. Introduction, body, and conclusion. | Information is organized, but paragraphs are not well-constructed. Introduction, body, and conclusion are not very clear. | The information appears to be unorganized. Introduction, body, and conclusion are not clear. | |
| **Quality of Information** | Information clearly relates to the main topic and it includes several supporting details and/or examples. | Information relates to the main topic and it provides 1-2 supporting details and/or examples. | Information vaguely relates to the main topic and limited details and/or examples are provided. | Information has little or nothing to do with the main topic with no supporting examples. | |
| **Content** | All 9 bullets of the instructions are discussed. | 7-8 of the bullets from the instructions are discussed. | 5-6 of the bullets from the instructions are discussed. | 4 or less of the bullets from the instructions are discussed. | |
| **Treatment Plan** | Treatment Plan includes both a 3 week and 3 month visit intervention. Plan is appropriate. | Treatment plan does not include both a 3 week and 3 month intervention plan or plan is inappropriate. | Treatment plans are partially incomplete. | Treatment plans are plagiarized from another source. | |
| **Mechanics** | No grammatical, spelling, or punctuation errors. | 2-3 grammatical, spelling, or punctuation errors | 4-5 grammatical, spelling, or punctuation errors. | 6+ grammatical, spelling, or punctuation errors. | |
| | | | | **Total Points** | |
| | | | | **Grade (%)** | |

Comments:

Student: ________________________________________ Date: _________________________

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