Psychology Family theory homework
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**## Rubric-Benchmark–MajorPsychologicalMovementsandaChristianWorldview.pdf**
Benchmark–Major Psychological Movements and a Christian Worldview – Rubric
Total 260
points
Criterion 1. Unsatisfactory
2. Less Than
Satisfactory
3. Satisfactory 4. Good 5. Excellent
Introduction 0 points
Fails to introduce the topic
effectively; missing or
unclear thesis, and lacks an
overview of the paper.
30.37 points
Weak introduction with
limited overview; the thesis
is present but lacks clarity
and depth.
34.11 points
Introduction is clear, but
lacks sufficient depth;
thesis and overview are
adequate but not
compelling.
37.86 points
Clearly introduces the topic
with good organization;
thesis is strong and the
overview is well-explained,
setting up the paper
effectively.
41.6 points
Provides a comprehensive,
engaging introduction;
includes a strong thesis
and rich overview that
piques interest and
provides a solid foundation
for the paper.
Psychoanalysis/Psychodynamic
Theory and Christian
World View
0 points
Fails to describe
psychoanalysis adequately;
lacks integration of
Christian worldview or
inaccurately represents
both.
30.37 points
Provides limited
description of
psychoanalysis; some
understanding of Christian
worldview, but lacks depth
and clear connections.
34.11 points
Adequately describes
psychoanalysis; shows
basic understanding of
Christian worldview and
makes some connections.
37.86 points
Clearly describes
psychoanalysis;
demonstrates good
understanding of Christian
worldview and integrates it
well into the discussion.
41.6 points
Thoroughly describes
psychoanalysis; shows
excellent understanding of
Christian worldview and
provides deep, insightful
integration and synthesis.
Behaviorism and
Christian World View
0 points
Fails to describe
behaviorism adequately;
lacks integration of
Christian worldview or
inaccurately represents
both.
30.37 points
Provides limited
description of behaviorism;
some understanding of
Christian worldview, but
lacks depth and clear
connections.
34.11 points
Adequately describes
behaviorism; shows basic
understanding of Christian
worldview and makes
some connections.
37.86 points
Clearly describes
behaviorism; demonstrates
good understanding of
Christian worldview and
integrates it well into the
discussion.
41.6 points
Thoroughly describes
behaviorism; shows
excellent understanding of
Christian worldview and
provides deep, insightful
integration and synthesis.
HTE Psychology and
Christian Worldview
0 points
Fails to describe HTE
psychology adequately;
lacks integration of
Christian worldview or
inaccurately represents
both.
30.37 points
Provides limited
description of HTE
psychology; some
understanding of Christian
worldview, but lacks depth
and clear connections.
34.11 points
Adequately describes HTE
psychology; shows basic
understanding of Christian
worldview and makes
some connections.
37.86 points
Clearly describes HTE
psychology; demonstrates
good understanding of
Christian worldview and
integrates it well into the
discussion.
41.6 points
Thoroughly describes HTE
psychology; shows
excellent understanding of
Christian worldview and
provides deep, insightful
integration and synthesis.
Conclusion and Synthesis
(B)
C.2.3: Evaluate the
common applications of
psychoanalysis,
behaviorism, and HTE
psychology. (C2.3)
0 points
Inadequate synthesis; lacks
clear connections between
the movements and
Christian worldview; poor
or missing concluding
statement.
30.37 points
Limited synthesis of
movements and Christian
worldview; lacks clear
connections; conclusion is
weak and does not project
future perspectives.
34.11 points
Basic synthesis; some
connections and
transitions are unclear or
lacking; a basic concluding
statement is provided.
37.86 points
Good synthesis of
movements and Christian
worldview; demonstrates
clear connections; a good
concluding statement on
future perspectives is
present.
41.6 points
Thoroughly synthesizes
movements and Christian
worldview into a cohesive
whole; demonstrates
excellent understanding
and provides a strong,
insightful concluding
statement on future
perspectives.
Thesis Development and
Purpose
0 points
Paper lacks any discernible
overall purpose or
organizing claim.
18.98 points
Thesis is insufficiently
developed or vague.
Purpose is not clear.
21.32 points
Thesis is apparent and
appropriate to purpose.
23.66 points
Thesis is clear and
forecasts the development
of the paper. Thesis is
descriptive and reflective
of the arguments and
appropriate to the
purpose.
26 points
Thesis is comprehensive
and contains the essence
of the paper. Thesis
statement makes the
purpose of the paper clear.
Mechanics of Writing 0 points
Surface errors are
pervasive enough that they
impede communication of
meaning. Inappropriate
word choice or sentence
construction is used.
9.49 points
Frequent and repetitive
mechanical errors distract
the reader. Inconsistencies
in language choice
(register) or word choice
are present. Sentence
structure is correct, but not
varied.
10.66 points
Some mechanical errors or
typos are present, but they
are not overly distracting
to the reader. Correct and
varied sentence structure
and audience-appropriate
language are employed.
11.83 points
Prose is largely free of
mechanical errors,
although a few may be
present. The writer uses a
variety of effective
sentence structures and
figures of speech.
13 points
Writer is clearly in
command of standard,
written, academic English.
APA Format 0 points
Required format is rarely
followed correctly. No
reference page is included.
No in-text citations are
used.
9.49 points
Required format elements
are missing or incorrect. A
lack of control with
formatting is apparent.
Reference page is present.
However, in-text citations
are inconsistently used.
10.66 points
Required format is
generally correct. However,
errors are present (e.g.,
font, cover page, margins,
and in-text citations).
Reference page is included
and lists sources used in
11.83 points
Required format is used,
but minor errors are
present (e.g., headings and
direct quotes). Reference
page is present and
includes all cited sources.
Documentation is
13 points
The document is correctly
formatted. In-text citations
and a reference page are
complete and correct. The
documentation of cited
sources is free of error.
**Screenshot2026-09-04at10.19.24AM.png**
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**## Rubric-Benchmark–MajorPsychologicalMovementsandaChristianWorldview.pdf**
Benchmark–Major Psychological Movements and a Christian Worldview – Rubric
Total 260
points
Criterion 1. Unsatisfactory
2. Less Than
Satisfactory
3. Satisfactory 4. Good 5. Excellent
Introduction 0 points
Fails to introduce the topic
effectively; missing or
unclear thesis, and lacks an
overview of the paper.
30.37 points
Weak introduction with
limited overview; the thesis
is present but lacks clarity
and depth.
34.11 points
Introduction is clear, but
lacks sufficient depth;
thesis and overview are
adequate but not
compelling.
37.86 points
Clearly introduces the topic
with good organization;
thesis is strong and the
overview is well-explained,
setting up the paper
effectively.
41.6 points
Provides a comprehensive,
engaging introduction;
includes a strong thesis
and rich overview that
piques interest and
provides a solid foundation
for the paper.
Psychoanalysis/Psychodynamic
Theory and Christian
World View
0 points
Fails to describe
psychoanalysis adequately;
lacks integration of
Christian worldview or
inaccurately represents
both.
30.37 points
Provides limited
description of
psychoanalysis; some
understanding of Christian
worldview, but lacks depth
and clear connections.
34.11 points
Adequately describes
psychoanalysis; shows
basic understanding of
Christian worldview and
makes some connections.
37.86 points
Clearly describes
psychoanalysis;
demonstrates good
understanding of Christian
worldview and integrates it
well into the discussion.
41.6 points
Thoroughly describes
psychoanalysis; shows
excellent understanding of
Christian worldview and
provides deep, insightful
integration and synthesis.
Behaviorism and
Christian World View
0 points
Fails to describe
behaviorism adequately;
lacks integration of
Christian worldview or
inaccurately represents
both.
30.37 points
Provides limited
description of behaviorism;
some understanding of
Christian worldview, but
lacks depth and clear
connections.
34.11 points
Adequately describes
behaviorism; shows basic
understanding of Christian
worldview and makes
some connections.
37.86 points
Clearly describes
behaviorism; demonstrates
good understanding of
Christian worldview and
integrates it well into the
discussion.
41.6 points
Thoroughly describes
behaviorism; shows
excellent understanding of
Christian worldview and
provides deep, insightful
integration and synthesis.
HTE Psychology and
Christian Worldview
0 points
Fails to describe HTE
psychology adequately;
lacks integration of
Christian worldview or
inaccurately represents
both.
30.37 points
Provides limited
description of HTE
psychology; some
understanding of Christian
worldview, but lacks depth
and clear connections.
34.11 points
Adequately describes HTE
psychology; shows basic
understanding of Christian
worldview and makes
some connections.
37.86 points
Clearly describes HTE
psychology; demonstrates
good understanding of
Christian worldview and
integrates it well into the
discussion.
41.6 points
Thoroughly describes HTE
psychology; shows
excellent understanding of
Christian worldview and
provides deep, insightful
integration and synthesis.
Conclusion and Synthesis
(B)
C.2.3: Evaluate the
common applications of
psychoanalysis,
behaviorism, and HTE
psychology. (C2.3)
0 points
Inadequate synthesis; lacks
clear connections between
the movements and
Christian worldview; poor
or missing concluding
statement.
30.37 points
Limited synthesis of
movements and Christian
worldview; lacks clear
connections; conclusion is
weak and does not project
future perspectives.
34.11 points
Basic synthesis; some
connections and
transitions are unclear or
lacking; a basic concluding
statement is provided.
37.86 points
Good synthesis of
movements and Christian
worldview; demonstrates
clear connections; a good
concluding statement on
future perspectives is
present.
41.6 points
Thoroughly synthesizes
movements and Christian
worldview into a cohesive
whole; demonstrates
excellent understanding
and provides a strong,
insightful concluding
statement on future
perspectives.
Thesis Development and
Purpose
0 points
Paper lacks any discernible
overall purpose or
organizing claim.
18.98 points
Thesis is insufficiently
developed or vague.
Purpose is not clear.
21.32 points
Thesis is apparent and
appropriate to purpose.
23.66 points
Thesis is clear and
forecasts the development
of the paper. Thesis is
descriptive and reflective
of the arguments and
appropriate to the
purpose.
26 points
Thesis is comprehensive
and contains the essence
of the paper. Thesis
statement makes the
purpose of the paper clear.
Mechanics of Writing 0 points
Surface errors are
pervasive enough that they
impede communication of
meaning. Inappropriate
word choice or sentence
construction is used.
9.49 points
Frequent and repetitive
mechanical errors distract
the reader. Inconsistencies
in language choice
(register) or word choice
are present. Sentence
structure is correct, but not
varied.
10.66 points
Some mechanical errors or
typos are present, but they
are not overly distracting
to the reader. Correct and
varied sentence structure
and audience-appropriate
language are employed.
11.83 points
Prose is largely free of
mechanical errors,
although a few may be
present. The writer uses a
variety of effective
sentence structures and
figures of speech.
13 points
Writer is clearly in
command of standard,
written, academic English.
APA Format 0 points
Required format is rarely
followed correctly. No
reference page is included.
No in-text citations are
used.
9.49 points
Required format elements
are missing or incorrect. A
lack of control with
formatting is apparent.
Reference page is present.
However, in-text citations
are inconsistently used.
10.66 points
Required format is
generally correct. However,
errors are present (e.g.,
font, cover page, margins,
and in-text citations).
Reference page is included
and lists sources used in
11.83 points
Required format is used,
but minor errors are
present (e.g., headings and
direct quotes). Reference
page is present and
includes all cited sources.
Documentation is
13 points
The document is correctly
formatted. In-text citations
and a reference page are
complete and correct. The
documentation of cited
sources is free of error.
**Screenshot2026-09-04at10.19.24AM.png**
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**## Rubric-Benchmark–MajorPsychologicalMovementsandaChristianWorldview.pdf**
Benchmark–Major Psychological Movements and a Christian Worldview – Rubric
Total 260
points
Criterion 1. Unsatisfactory
2. Less Than
Satisfactory
3. Satisfactory 4. Good 5. Excellent
Introduction 0 points
Fails to introduce the topic
effectively; missing or
unclear thesis, and lacks an
overview of the paper.
30.37 points
Weak introduction with
limited overview; the thesis
is present but lacks clarity
and depth.
34.11 points
Introduction is clear, but
lacks sufficient depth;
thesis and overview are
adequate but not
compelling.
37.86 points
Clearly introduces the topic
with good organization;
thesis is strong and the
overview is well-explained,
setting up the paper
effectively.
41.6 points
Provides a comprehensive,
engaging introduction;
includes a strong thesis
and rich overview that
piques interest and
provides a solid foundation
for the paper.
Psychoanalysis/Psychodynamic
Theory and Christian
World View
0 points
Fails to describe
psychoanalysis adequately;
lacks integration of
Christian worldview or
inaccurately represents
both.
30.37 points
Provides limited
description of
psychoanalysis; some
understanding of Christian
worldview, but lacks depth
and clear connections.
34.11 points
Adequately describes
psychoanalysis; shows
basic understanding of
Christian worldview and
makes some connections.
37.86 points
Clearly describes
psychoanalysis;
demonstrates good
understanding of Christian
worldview and integrates it
well into the discussion.
41.6 points
Thoroughly describes
psychoanalysis; shows
excellent understanding of
Christian worldview and
provides deep, insightful
integration and synthesis.
Behaviorism and
Christian World View
0 points
Fails to describe
behaviorism adequately;
lacks integration of
Christian worldview or
inaccurately represents
both.
30.37 points
Provides limited
description of behaviorism;
some understanding of
Christian worldview, but
lacks depth and clear
connections.
34.11 points
Adequately describes
behaviorism; shows basic
understanding of Christian
worldview and makes
some connections.
37.86 points
Clearly describes
behaviorism; demonstrates
good understanding of
Christian worldview and
integrates it well into the
discussion.
41.6 points
Thoroughly describes
behaviorism; shows
excellent understanding of
Christian worldview and
provides deep, insightful
integration and synthesis.
HTE Psychology and
Christian Worldview
0 points
Fails to describe HTE
psychology adequately;
lacks integration of
Christian worldview or
inaccurately represents
both.
30.37 points
Provides limited
description of HTE
psychology; some
understanding of Christian
worldview, but lacks depth
and clear connections.
34.11 points
Adequately describes HTE
psychology; shows basic
understanding of Christian
worldview and makes
some connections.
37.86 points
Clearly describes HTE
psychology; demonstrates
good understanding of
Christian worldview and
integrates it well into the
discussion.
41.6 points
Thoroughly describes HTE
psychology; shows
excellent understanding of
Christian worldview and
provides deep, insightful
integration and synthesis.
Conclusion and Synthesis
(B)
C.2.3: Evaluate the
common applications of
psychoanalysis,
behaviorism, and HTE
psychology. (C2.3)
0 points
Inadequate synthesis; lacks
clear connections between
the movements and
Christian worldview; poor
or missing concluding
statement.
30.37 points
Limited synthesis of
movements and Christian
worldview; lacks clear
connections; conclusion is
weak and does not project
future perspectives.
34.11 points
Basic synthesis; some
connections and
transitions are unclear or
lacking; a basic concluding
statement is provided.
37.86 points
Good synthesis of
movements and Christian
worldview; demonstrates
clear connections; a good
concluding statement on
future perspectives is
present.
41.6 points
Thoroughly synthesizes
movements and Christian
worldview into a cohesive
whole; demonstrates
excellent understanding
and provides a strong,
insightful concluding
statement on future
perspectives.
Thesis Development and
Purpose
0 points
Paper lacks any discernible
overall purpose or
organizing claim.
18.98 points
Thesis is insufficiently
developed or vague.
Purpose is not clear.
21.32 points
Thesis is apparent and
appropriate to purpose.
23.66 points
Thesis is clear and
forecasts the development
of the paper. Thesis is
descriptive and reflective
of the arguments and
appropriate to the
purpose.
26 points
Thesis is comprehensive
and contains the essence
of the paper. Thesis
statement makes the
purpose of the paper clear.
Mechanics of Writing 0 points
Surface errors are
pervasive enough that they
impede communication of
meaning. Inappropriate
word choice or sentence
construction is used.
9.49 points
Frequent and repetitive
mechanical errors distract
the reader. Inconsistencies
in language choice
(register) or word choice
are present. Sentence
structure is correct, but not
varied.
10.66 points
Some mechanical errors or
typos are present, but they
are not overly distracting
to the reader. Correct and
varied sentence structure
and audience-appropriate
language are employed.
11.83 points
Prose is largely free of
mechanical errors,
although a few may be
present. The writer uses a
variety of effective
sentence structures and
figures of speech.
13 points
Writer is clearly in
command of standard,
written, academic English.
APA Format 0 points
Required format is rarely
followed correctly. No
reference page is included.
No in-text citations are
used.
9.49 points
Required format elements
are missing or incorrect. A
lack of control with
formatting is apparent.
Reference page is present.
However, in-text citations
are inconsistently used.
10.66 points
Required format is
generally correct. However,
errors are present (e.g.,
font, cover page, margins,
and in-text citations).
Reference page is included
and lists sources used in
11.83 points
Required format is used,
but minor errors are
present (e.g., headings and
direct quotes). Reference
page is present and
includes all cited sources.
Documentation is
13 points
The document is correctly
formatted. In-text citations
and a reference page are
complete and correct. The
documentation of cited
sources is free of error.
**Screenshot2026-09-04at10.19.24AM.png**
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cite at least 1 journal article related to your response, and use APA in-text citations with a list of references at the bottom of the post. The discussion should be between 200-300 words. How can psychologists effectively balance the ethical duty to maintain confidentiality and privacy with their r…
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Have this question answered from scratch according to your specific instructions and deadline.
Order on TutorsGallery →cite at least 1 journal article related to your response, and use APA in-text citations with a list of references at the bottom of the post. The discussion should be between 200-300 words.
How can psychologists effectively balance the ethical duty to maintain confidentiality and privacy with their responsibilities to protect the safety and well-being of their clients and others in situations where harm may be a concern? What are the ethical and practical considerations involved, and how can these challenges be addressed in a responsible and respectful manner within the therapeutic relationship?
Respond to these two
1. This balance hits close to home. As USAF Commanders, we are often who teammates confide in. However, we're bound by regulation to share information if serious harm is suspected. There are situations someone began to describe what could be sexual assault, and I've stopped them to let them know I'm required to inform authorities and a legal case will be opened if they continue. Sometimes people simply need a space to share, respecting their choice of whether a case is opened or not. There are agencies in the AF that allow anonymous reporting or access to safety/recovery tools that don't include legal or their boss knowing. Some people stop and I give them different resources; some people continue. Informed choice is what's important here.
This reminds me of APA sections 4.01 and 4.02: psychologists have a primary obligation to protect confidential information and should explain the foreseeable limits of confidentiality at the beginning of treatment and whenever circumstances change. Similar to what I do as a commander, transparency lets clients make informed decisions and reduces likelihood of safety intervention feeling unexpected or punitive (APA, 2017). Protecting a person's autonomy of informed choice is critical to providing the right care and respecting dignity.
2. Psychologists have an important responsibility to protect their clients’ privacy and maintain confidentiality, but there are times when protecting someone from harm must take priority. Confidentiality helps clients feel safe enough to be honest and open during therapy. However, psychologists may have ethical or legal responsibilities to take action when a client presents a serious risk of harming themselves or another person. The challenge is determining when breaking confidentiality is necessary and making sure that only the information needed to protect someone is disclosed. One-way psychologists can manage this balance by explaining the limits of confidentiality at the beginning of treatment. Clients should understand that their information is generally private, but that there are exceptions involving serious safety concerns, abuse, or other situations required by law. Having this conversation early can prevent clients from feeling betrayed if confidentiality later has to be limited. Research has also emphasized the importance of carefully assessing suicide risk and using professional judgment when determining appropriate interventions (Jobes et al., 2018). Psychologists should also consider the least intrusive way to protect the client or others. This may involve consulting with another qualified professional, documenting the reasoning behind their decision, and disclosing only information that is necessary. Most importantly, psychologists should communicate openly and respectfully with the client whenever possible. Handling these situations with honesty and compassion can help preserve the therapeutic relationship while still meeting the psychologist’s ethical responsibility to protect safety.
Please, no Plagiarism. No AI or ChatGPT. Check the spelling before submitting, and let me know if you need any further instructions – [\ \ Topic_Week3_Discussion18.pdf](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/topic-week3-discussion18-pdf "Topic_Week3_Discussion18.pdf") – [\ \ Week3_AtaGlance_Forens…
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Have this question answered from scratch according to your specific instructions and deadline.
Order on TutorsGallery →Please, no Plagiarism. No AI or ChatGPT. Check the spelling before submitting, and let me know if you need any further instructions
– [\
\
Topic_Week3_Discussion18.pdf](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/topic-week3-discussion18-pdf "Topic_Week3_Discussion18.pdf")
– [\
\
Week3_AtaGlance_ForensicEvaluation-Fall2026.pdf](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/week3-ataglance-forensicevaluation-fall2026-pdf "Week3_AtaGlance_ForensicEvaluation-Fall2026.pdf")
– [\
\
Week3_Assignment15.pdf](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/week3-assignment15-pdf "Week3_Assignment15.pdf")
Attached **files (2)** – ## UnitVIAssignment.docx – ## UnitVI.pdf **## UnitVIAssignment.docx** Unit VI Assignment This promotional podcast measures your mastery of ULOs 1.1, 1.2. You are a famous podcast creator and always on the lookout for intriguing stories to share. Choose one of the famous psyc…
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Have this question answered from scratch according to your specific instructions and deadline.
Order on TutorsGallery →Attached
**files (2)**
– ## UnitVIAssignment.docx
– ## UnitVI.pdf
**## UnitVIAssignment.docx**
Unit VI Assignment
This promotional podcast measures your mastery of ULOs 1.1, 1.2.
You are a famous podcast creator and always on the lookout for intriguing stories to share. Choose one of the famous psychological influencers you read about in this unit and share their story with your listeners in a 2- to 3-minute podcast. Be sure to highlight all of their contributions as well as whatever barriers they faced working in this field.
Your podcast can be in an interview, solo, co-hosted, or narrative format.
You may upload your 2- to 3-minute audio or video podcast recording to Blackboard. Blackboard supports .mp3, .mp4, .mov, .avi, .mpe, .mpeg, .asf., .aiff, and .au.
Be sure to view the Podcast Rubric before recording your podcast.
**Resources**
The following resource(s) may help you with this assignment.
·
[Submit Writing Center Request](https://mycsu.columbiasouthern.edu/student/forms/courses/writing-center-request)
**## UnitVI.pdf**
PSY 3301, History and Systems of Psychology 1
Course Learning Outcomes for Unit VI
Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:
1. Explain the diversity of contributions to the contemporary fields of psychology.
1.1 Identify the contributions of women and minorities to the field of psychology.
1.2 Discuss the barriers women and minorities faced within the field of psychology.
Required Unit Resources
Chapter 14: Women in the History of Psychology
Chapter 15: Ethnic Diversity in American Psychology
Unit Lesson
Introduction
In this unit, you will meet a few individuals who made valuable contributions for the greater good of both
psychology and society.
Women in Psychology
As with each of the concepts and theorists before, it would be impossible to sum up the contribution of women
scholars in one unit lesson. As such, we will highlight several key contributors, and you will have the
opportunity during your unit assignment to dig even deeper. Interestingly enough, if you fast forward to the
present, you will find more women in psychology than men. First, though, we should take our discussion back
to the past, beginning in medieval Germany.
Hildegard von Bingen
Here, we meet a sort of Renaissance woman (several hundred years before the Renaissance) who wrote
extensively on religion (she was a nun), the natural sciences, and music. Her work involved the nature of both
physical and mental disease long before an established science was created for either (Lawson et al., 2018).
Catholics may know her as Saint Hildegard of Bingen.
Dorothea Dix
Dix earned her place in history as both a teacher and as an advocate for the mentally ill (Lawson et al., 2018).
She began teaching well-to-do young women in the early 1800s and then expanded her work to teach the
poor. Remember from prior units that this was historically a bit revolutionary because it was not completely
accepted that all people had the capacity for education. Dix worked with inmates at a women’s prison in
Massachusetts where she became very aware of the abuses experienced by the mentally ill. At a time when
those suffering from psychopathologies were cast aside, Dix recognized that the mentally ill deserved
humane treatment. She went on a tour to observe the abuses at various institutions and made such a point of
her findings that changes were filed in the United States, in Europe, and as far away as Japan in the 1850s.
Mary Whiton Calkins
Calkins is known almost as much for what she did not do as for what she did (which was a lot). What Calkins
never received was a doctorate in psychology from Harvard University at the end of the 19th century. She sat
UNIT VI STUDY GUIDE
Women and Ethnic
Minorities in Psychology
PSY 3301, History and Systems of Psychology 2
UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title
through lectures, taught other women in her own right, and unanimously passed the doctor of philosophy
(PhD) examination board, but Harvard did not award degrees to women at the time. Calkins endured,
however; as previously noted, she was a skilled instructor. She also wrote a couple of psychology textbooks,
contributed experimentally to the new field of scientific psychology, and she worked to reconcile the feuding
structuralists and functionalists of her time. In her lifetime, Calkins was also elected president of the American
Psychological Association (APA) and of the American Philosophical Association (Lawson et al., 2018).
Margaret Floy Washburn
Much like Calkins, Margaret Washburn was allowed to sit in on graduate classes unofficially, though she did
eventually move to a graduate school that would award her a PhD in psychology—the first for a woman—in
1894. Her professional work contributed to comparative psychology and behaviorism. She would have fallen
into our S-O-R (stimulus, organism, response) camp because she left some room for consciousness, going
against the beliefs of her contemporary John B. Watson. Washburn eventually led the APA in 1921 and even
the Experimentalists group of E.B. Titchener, which was previously only available for men (Lawson et al.,
2018).
Karen Horney countered the standard psychoanalytic view of what it meant to be female, Nancy Russo
addressed the notion of natal sex versus gender roles, Evelyn Hooker demonstrated that homosexuality was
(Arkesteijn, 2016; Byeznhpyxeuztibuo, 2016; History Nebraska, n.d.; Vers75, 2019)
PSY 3301, History and Systems of Psychology 3
UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title
not an illness, and Mamie Phipps Clark studied segregation alongside her husband, Kenneth Clark, whom we
will address again shortly. These are only some highlights from your textbook (Lawson et al., 2018).
Ethnic Minorities in Psychology
As previously discussed, the history of Western psychology has largely been the domain of older white men.
Thankfully, many pioneering women helped to change this over the past century, and this can be seen as a
parallel path for ethnic minorities. Acknowledging the many incidences of racism in our field is a part of the
history we must accept and grow from.
The APA itself underwent growth during the latter half of the 20th century in reaction to the horrors of racism
seen by the world during World War II and the social movements of the 1960s. Division 45 is the specific
branch of the APA that addresses ethnic minority issues in detail (Lawson et al., 2018). An African American
psychologist named Dalmas Taylor was instrumental in some of these developments.
Imagine being a promising African American student during the first part of the 20th century with a passion for
psychology. Imagine further that very few colleges open to you had adequate funding, and most were limited
to undergraduate work. You might be able to apply and get into a few white graduate programs, but then you
might not be allowed to live on campus. If you graduated with your degree in psychology, jobs for people of
your ethnic background were hard to come by. If you did land a job in your chosen field, you might be
underpaid compared to your white counterparts, and the resources available to do your work were likely to be
subpar (Lawson et al., 2018). Who would put up with such a setup? Let’s meet a few brave souls!
Kenneth B. Clark
Dr. Clark received his PhD in psychology in 1940 and taught at various prestigious colleges across the
country (Lawson et al., 2018). His work directly contributed to the Brown vs. Board of Education case of 1954
regarding school segregation, and he went on to demonstrate that prejudice was a learned behavior—not a
biological certainty in humanity. You may remember from earlier that his wife, Mamie Phipps Clark, was his
research partner; take a look at a recreation of their famous “Doll Studies” in the troubling "Doll Test" video
segment. The transcript for this video can be found by clicking on “Transcript” in the gray bar to the right of
the video in the Films on Demand database.
Kenneth Clark would go on to become the first African American president of the APA (Lawson et al., 2018).
Francis Sumner
Dr. Sumner is sometimes called the “Father of Black American Psychologists” for his early involvement in the
field; in fact, he was the first African American to earn a PhD in psychology all the way back in 1920 after
having been drafted to serve in World War I (Lawson et al., 2018). He was actually a professor to Dr. Kenneth
Clark, and his professional career in psychology examined topics such as race and religion.
Asian, Hispanic, and Native American Voices
Asian Americans have also been historically underrepresented in the field of psychology, and an organization
of Asian psychologists was actually formed in San Francisco in the 1970s to bring issues of this nature to light
(Lawson et al., 2018). Dr. Stanley Sue was a key figure in recognizing the unfamiliarity and underutilization of
[https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?auth=CAS&url=https://fod.infobase.com/PortalPlaylists.aspx?wID=273866&xtid=50890&loid=219690](https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?auth=CAS&url=https://fod.infobase.com/PortalPlaylists.aspx?wID=273866&xtid=50890&loid=219690)
[https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?auth=CAS&url=https://fod.infobase.com/PortalPlaylists.aspx?wID=273866&xtid=50890&loid=219690](https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?auth=CAS&url=https://fod.infobase.com/PortalPlaylists.aspx?wID=273866&xtid=50890&loid=219690)
PSY 3301, History and Systems of Psychology 4
UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title
psychological services in his Asian American family and community, and he has also been honored as an
important contributor to APA’s Division 45.
Hispanic American Martha Bernal was the first Latina to receive her psychology PhD in the United States in
1962 (Lawson et al., 2018). She has since contributed in the field of child psychology and to a greater
understanding of multiculturalism. Native American Carolyn Attneave has made important connections
between her multidisciplinary approach to psychology and to her native culture. Some of her focus has been
on family and community healing.
Conclusion
Once again, it would not be possible to capture all of the contributions made by those who have come before,
but we can see now through multiple examples that underrepresented voices have had much to say
concerning psychology over the years. Perhaps you identify as a woman or ethnic minority; if so, perhaps
your name will one day be noted in history courses of the future!
References
Arkesteijn, J. (2016). Maria Montessori [Photograph]. Wikimedia Commons.
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maria_Montessori_(portrait).jpg
Byeznhpyxeuztibuo. (2016). Lillien Jane Martin [Photograph]. Wikimedia Commons.
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lillien_Jane_Martin_(1851-1943)_(12483401105).jpg
History Nebraska. (n.d.). RG2411-2463-1: Portrait of Leta Stetter Hollingworth [Photograh]. History Nebraska.
https://nebraskahistory.pastperfectonline.com/photo/B7BF34ED-776D-48FF-96F7-849266441078
Lawson, R. B., Anderson, E. D., & Cepeda-Benito, A. (2018). A history of psychology: Globalization, ideas,
and applications (2nd ed.). Routledge.
Vers75. (2019). Christine Ladd-Franklin [Photograph]. Wikimedia Commons.
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Christine_Ladd-Franklin_vers_1909.jpg
Suggested Unit Resources
The Films on Demand database in your online library has some fascinating content on Hildegard von Bingen.
Plug in her name, and see what you find.
– Course Learning Outcomes for Unit VI
– Required Unit Resources
– Unit Lesson
– Introduction
– Women in Psychology
– Hildegard von Bingen
– Dorothea Dix
– Mary Whiton Calkins
– Margaret Floy Washburn
– Ethnic Minorities in Psychology
– Kenneth B. Clark
– Francis Sumner
– Asian, Hispanic, and Native American Voices
– Conclusion
– References
– Suggested Unit Resources
**## UnitVI.pdf**
PSY 3301, History and Systems of Psychology 1
Course Learning Outcomes for Unit VI
Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:
1. Explain the diversity of contributions to the contemporary fields of psychology.
1.1 Identify the contributions of women and minorities to the field of psychology.
1.2 Discuss the barriers women and minorities faced within the field of psychology.
Required Unit Resources
Chapter 14: Women in the History of Psychology
Chapter 15: Ethnic Diversity in American Psychology
Unit Lesson
Introduction
In this unit, you will meet a few individuals who made valuable contributions for the greater good of both
psychology and society.
Women in Psychology
As with each of the concepts and theorists before, it would be impossible to sum up the contribution of women
scholars in one unit lesson. As such, we will highlight several key contributors, and you will have the
opportunity during your unit assignment to dig even deeper. Interestingly enough, if you fast forward to the
present, you will find more women in psychology than men. First, though, we should take our discussion back
to the past, beginning in medieval Germany.
Hildegard von Bingen
Here, we meet a sort of Renaissance woman (several hundred years before the Renaissance) who wrote
extensively on religion (she was a nun), the natural sciences, and music. Her work involved the nature of both
physical and mental disease long before an established science was created for either (Lawson et al., 2018).
Catholics may know her as Saint Hildegard of Bingen.
Dorothea Dix
Dix earned her place in history as both a teacher and as an advocate for the mentally ill (Lawson et al., 2018).
She began teaching well-to-do young women in the early 1800s and then expanded her work to teach the
poor. Remember from prior units that this was historically a bit revolutionary because it was not completely
accepted that all people had the capacity for education. Dix worked with inmates at a women’s prison in
Massachusetts where she became very aware of the abuses experienced by the mentally ill. At a time when
those suffering from psychopathologies were cast aside, Dix recognized that the mentally ill deserved
humane treatment. She went on a tour to observe the abuses at various institutions and made such a point of
her findings that changes were filed in the United States, in Europe, and as far away as Japan in the 1850s.
Mary Whiton Calkins
Calkins is known almost as much for what she did not do as for what she did (which was a lot). What Calkins
never received was a doctorate in psychology from Harvard University at the end of the 19th century. She sat
UNIT VI STUDY GUIDE
Women and Ethnic
Minorities in Psychology
PSY 3301, History and Systems of Psychology 2
UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title
through lectures, taught other women in her own right, and unanimously passed the doctor of philosophy
(PhD) examination board, but Harvard did not award degrees to women at the time. Calkins endured,
however; as previously noted, she was a skilled instructor. She also wrote a couple of psychology textbooks,
contributed experimentally to the new field of scientific psychology, and she worked to reconcile the feuding
structuralists and functionalists of her time. In her lifetime, Calkins was also elected president of the American
Psychological Association (APA) and of the American Philosophical Association (Lawson et al., 2018).
Margaret Floy Washburn
Much like Calkins, Margaret Washburn was allowed to sit in on graduate classes unofficially, though she did
eventually move to a graduate school that would award her a PhD in psychology—the first for a woman—in
1894. Her professional work contributed to comparative psychology and behaviorism. She would have fallen
into our S-O-R (stimulus, organism, response) camp because she left some room for consciousness, going
against the beliefs of her contemporary John B. Watson. Washburn eventually led the APA in 1921 and even
the Experimentalists group of E.B. Titchener, which was previously only available for men (Lawson et al.,
2018).
Karen Horney countered the standard psychoanalytic view of what it meant to be female, Nancy Russo
addressed the notion of natal sex versus gender roles, Evelyn Hooker demonstrated that homosexuality was
(Arkesteijn, 2016; Byeznhpyxeuztibuo, 2016; History Nebraska, n.d.; Vers75, 2019)
PSY 3301, History and Systems of Psychology 3
UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title
not an illness, and Mamie Phipps Clark studied segregation alongside her husband, Kenneth Clark, whom we
will address again shortly. These are only some highlights from your textbook (Lawson et al., 2018).
Ethnic Minorities in Psychology
As previously discussed, the history of Western psychology has largely been the domain of older white men.
Thankfully, many pioneering women helped to change this over the past century, and this can be seen as a
parallel path for ethnic minorities. Acknowledging the many incidences of racism in our field is a part of the
history we must accept and grow from.
The APA itself underwent growth during the latter half of the 20th century in reaction to the horrors of racism
seen by the world during World War II and the social movements of the 1960s. Division 45 is the specific
branch of the APA that addresses ethnic minority issues in detail (Lawson et al., 2018). An African American
psychologist named Dalmas Taylor was instrumental in some of these developments.
Imagine being a promising African American student during the first part of the 20th century with a passion for
psychology. Imagine further that very few colleges open to you had adequate funding, and most were limited
to undergraduate work. You might be able to apply and get into a few white graduate programs, but then you
might not be allowed to live on campus. If you graduated with your degree in psychology, jobs for people of
your ethnic background were hard to come by. If you did land a job in your chosen field, you might be
underpaid compared to your white counterparts, and the resources available to do your work were likely to be
subpar (Lawson et al., 2018). Who would put up with such a setup? Let’s meet a few brave souls!
Kenneth B. Clark
Dr. Clark received his PhD in psychology in 1940 and taught at various prestigious colleges across the
country (Lawson et al., 2018). His work directly contributed to the Brown vs. Board of Education case of 1954
regarding school segregation, and he went on to demonstrate that prejudice was a learned behavior—not a
biological certainty in humanity. You may remember from earlier that his wife, Mamie Phipps Clark, was his
research partner; take a look at a recreation of their famous “Doll Studies” in the troubling "Doll Test" video
segment. The transcript for this video can be found by clicking on “Transcript” in the gray bar to the right of
the video in the Films on Demand database.
Kenneth Clark would go on to become the first African American president of the APA (Lawson et al., 2018).
Francis Sumner
Dr. Sumner is sometimes called the “Father of Black American Psychologists” for his early involvement in the
field; in fact, he was the first African American to earn a PhD in psychology all the way back in 1920 after
having been drafted to serve in World War I (Lawson et al., 2018). He was actually a professor to Dr. Kenneth
Clark, and his professional career in psychology examined topics such as race and religion.
Asian, Hispanic, and Native American Voices
Asian Americans have also been historically underrepresented in the field of psychology, and an organization
of Asian psychologists was actually formed in San Francisco in the 1970s to bring issues of this nature to light
(Lawson et al., 2018). Dr. Stanley Sue was a key figure in recognizing the unfamiliarity and underutilization of
[https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?auth=CAS&url=https://fod.infobase.com/PortalPlaylists.aspx?wID=273866&xtid=50890&loid=219690](https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?auth=CAS&url=https://fod.infobase.com/PortalPlaylists.aspx?wID=273866&xtid=50890&loid=219690)
[https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?auth=CAS&url=https://fod.infobase.com/PortalPlaylists.aspx?wID=273866&xtid=50890&loid=219690](https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?auth=CAS&url=https://fod.infobase.com/PortalPlaylists.aspx?wID=273866&xtid=50890&loid=219690)
PSY 3301, History and Systems of Psychology 4
UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title
psychological services in his Asian American family and community, and he has also been honored as an
important contributor to APA’s Division 45.
Hispanic American Martha Bernal was the first Latina to receive her psychology PhD in the United States in
1962 (Lawson et al., 2018). She has since contributed in the field of child psychology and to a greater
understanding of multiculturalism. Native American Carolyn Attneave has made important connections
between her multidisciplinary approach to psychology and to her native culture. Some of her focus has been
on family and community healing.
Conclusion
Once again, it would not be possible to capture all of the contributions made by those who have come before,
but we can see now through multiple examples that underrepresented voices have had much to say
concerning psychology over the years. Perhaps you identify as a woman or ethnic minority; if so, perhaps
your name will one day be noted in history courses of the future!
References
Arkesteijn, J. (2016). Maria Montessori [Photograph]. Wikimedia Commons.
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maria_Montessori_(portrait).jpg
Byeznhpyxeuztibuo. (2016). Lillien Jane Martin [Photograph]. Wikimedia Commons.
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lillien_Jane_Martin_(1851-1943)_(12483401105).jpg
History Nebraska. (n.d.). RG2411-2463-1: Portrait of Leta Stetter Hollingworth [Photograh]. History Nebraska.
https://nebraskahistory.pastperfectonline.com/photo/B7BF34ED-776D-48FF-96F7-849266441078
Lawson, R. B., Anderson, E. D., & Cepeda-Benito, A. (2018). A history of psychology: Globalization, ideas,
and applications (2nd ed.). Routledge.
Vers75. (2019). Christine Ladd-Franklin [Photograph]. Wikimedia Commons.
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Christine_Ladd-Franklin_vers_1909.jpg
Suggested Unit Resources
The Films on Demand database in your online library has some fascinating content on Hildegard von Bingen.
Plug in her name, and see what you find.
– Course Learning Outcomes for Unit VI
– Required Unit Resources
– Unit Lesson
– Introduction
– Women in Psychology
– Hildegard von Bingen
– Dorothea Dix
– Mary Whiton Calkins
– Margaret Floy Washburn
– Ethnic Minorities in Psychology
– Kenneth B. Clark
– Francis Sumner
– Asian, Hispanic, and Native American Voices
– Conclusion
– References
– Suggested Unit Resources
**## UnitVIAssignment.docx**
Unit VI Assignment
This promotional podcast measures your mastery of ULOs 1.1, 1.2.
You are a famous podcast creator and always on the lookout for intriguing stories to share. Choose one of the famous psychological influencers you read about in this unit and share their story with your listeners in a 2- to 3-minute podcast. Be sure to highlight all of their contributions as well as whatever barriers they faced working in this field.
Your podcast can be in an interview, solo, co-hosted, or narrative format.
You may upload your 2- to 3-minute audio or video podcast recording to Blackboard. Blackboard supports .mp3, .mp4, .mov, .avi, .mpe, .mpeg, .asf., .aiff, and .au.
Be sure to view the Podcast Rubric before recording your podcast.
**Resources**
The following resource(s) may help you with this assignment.
·
[Submit Writing Center Request](https://mycsu.columbiasouthern.edu/student/forms/courses/writing-center-request)
**## UnitVI.pdf**
PSY 3301, History and Systems of Psychology 1
Course Learning Outcomes for Unit VI
Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:
1. Explain the diversity of contributions to the contemporary fields of psychology.
1.1 Identify the contributions of women and minorities to the field of psychology.
1.2 Discuss the barriers women and minorities faced within the field of psychology.
Required Unit Resources
Chapter 14: Women in the History of Psychology
Chapter 15: Ethnic Diversity in American Psychology
Unit Lesson
Introduction
In this unit, you will meet a few individuals who made valuable contributions for the greater good of both
psychology and society.
Women in Psychology
As with each of the concepts and theorists before, it would be impossible to sum up the contribution of women
scholars in one unit lesson. As such, we will highlight several key contributors, and you will have the
opportunity during your unit assignment to dig even deeper. Interestingly enough, if you fast forward to the
present, you will find more women in psychology than men. First, though, we should take our discussion back
to the past, beginning in medieval Germany.
Hildegard von Bingen
Here, we meet a sort of Renaissance woman (several hundred years before the Renaissance) who wrote
extensively on religion (she was a nun), the natural sciences, and music. Her work involved the nature of both
physical and mental disease long before an established science was created for either (Lawson et al., 2018).
Catholics may know her as Saint Hildegard of Bingen.
Dorothea Dix
Dix earned her place in history as both a teacher and as an advocate for the mentally ill (Lawson et al., 2018).
She began teaching well-to-do young women in the early 1800s and then expanded her work to teach the
poor. Remember from prior units that this was historically a bit revolutionary because it was not completely
accepted that all people had the capacity for education. Dix worked with inmates at a women’s prison in
Massachusetts where she became very aware of the abuses experienced by the mentally ill. At a time when
those suffering from psychopathologies were cast aside, Dix recognized that the mentally ill deserved
humane treatment. She went on a tour to observe the abuses at various institutions and made such a point of
her findings that changes were filed in the United States, in Europe, and as far away as Japan in the 1850s.
Mary Whiton Calkins
Calkins is known almost as much for what she did not do as for what she did (which was a lot). What Calkins
never received was a doctorate in psychology from Harvard University at the end of the 19th century. She sat
UNIT VI STUDY GUIDE
Women and Ethnic
Minorities in Psychology
PSY 3301, History and Systems of Psychology 2
UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title
through lectures, taught other women in her own right, and unanimously passed the doctor of philosophy
(PhD) examination board, but Harvard did not award degrees to women at the time. Calkins endured,
however; as previously noted, she was a skilled instructor. She also wrote a couple of psychology textbooks,
contributed experimentally to the new field of scientific psychology, and she worked to reconcile the feuding
structuralists and functionalists of her time. In her lifetime, Calkins was also elected president of the American
Psychological Association (APA) and of the American Philosophical Association (Lawson et al., 2018).
Margaret Floy Washburn
Much like Calkins, Margaret Washburn was allowed to sit in on graduate classes unofficially, though she did
eventually move to a graduate school that would award her a PhD in psychology—the first for a woman—in
1894. Her professional work contributed to comparative psychology and behaviorism. She would have fallen
into our S-O-R (stimulus, organism, response) camp because she left some room for consciousness, going
against the beliefs of her contemporary John B. Watson. Washburn eventually led the APA in 1921 and even
the Experimentalists group of E.B. Titchener, which was previously only available for men (Lawson et al.,
2018).
Karen Horney countered the standard psychoanalytic view of what it meant to be female, Nancy Russo
addressed the notion of natal sex versus gender roles, Evelyn Hooker demonstrated that homosexuality was
(Arkesteijn, 2016; Byeznhpyxeuztibuo, 2016; History Nebraska, n.d.; Vers75, 2019)
PSY 3301, History and Systems of Psychology 3
UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title
not an illness, and Mamie Phipps Clark studied segregation alongside her husband, Kenneth Clark, whom we
will address again shortly. These are only some highlights from your textbook (Lawson et al., 2018).
Ethnic Minorities in Psychology
As previously discussed, the history of Western psychology has largely been the domain of older white men.
Thankfully, many pioneering women helped to change this over the past century, and this can be seen as a
parallel path for ethnic minorities. Acknowledging the many incidences of racism in our field is a part of the
history we must accept and grow from.
The APA itself underwent growth during the latter half of the 20th century in reaction to the horrors of racism
seen by the world during World War II and the social movements of the 1960s. Division 45 is the specific
branch of the APA that addresses ethnic minority issues in detail (Lawson et al., 2018). An African American
psychologist named Dalmas Taylor was instrumental in some of these developments.
Imagine being a promising African American student during the first part of the 20th century with a passion for
psychology. Imagine further that very few colleges open to you had adequate funding, and most were limited
to undergraduate work. You might be able to apply and get into a few white graduate programs, but then you
might not be allowed to live on campus. If you graduated with your degree in psychology, jobs for people of
your ethnic background were hard to come by. If you did land a job in your chosen field, you might be
underpaid compared to your white counterparts, and the resources available to do your work were likely to be
subpar (Lawson et al., 2018). Who would put up with such a setup? Let’s meet a few brave souls!
Kenneth B. Clark
Dr. Clark received his PhD in psychology in 1940 and taught at various prestigious colleges across the
country (Lawson et al., 2018). His work directly contributed to the Brown vs. Board of Education case of 1954
regarding school segregation, and he went on to demonstrate that prejudice was a learned behavior—not a
biological certainty in humanity. You may remember from earlier that his wife, Mamie Phipps Clark, was his
research partner; take a look at a recreation of their famous “Doll Studies” in the troubling "Doll Test" video
segment. The transcript for this video can be found by clicking on “Transcript” in the gray bar to the right of
the video in the Films on Demand database.
Kenneth Clark would go on to become the first African American president of the APA (Lawson et al., 2018).
Francis Sumner
Dr. Sumner is sometimes called the “Father of Black American Psychologists” for his early involvement in the
field; in fact, he was the first African American to earn a PhD in psychology all the way back in 1920 after
having been drafted to serve in World War I (Lawson et al., 2018). He was actually a professor to Dr. Kenneth
Clark, and his professional career in psychology examined topics such as race and religion.
Asian, Hispanic, and Native American Voices
Asian Americans have also been historically underrepresented in the field of psychology, and an organization
of Asian psychologists was actually formed in San Francisco in the 1970s to bring issues of this nature to light
(Lawson et al., 2018). Dr. Stanley Sue was a key figure in recognizing the unfamiliarity and underutilization of
[https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?auth=CAS&url=https://fod.infobase.com/PortalPlaylists.aspx?wID=273866&xtid=50890&loid=219690](https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?auth=CAS&url=https://fod.infobase.com/PortalPlaylists.aspx?wID=273866&xtid=50890&loid=219690)
[https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?auth=CAS&url=https://fod.infobase.com/PortalPlaylists.aspx?wID=273866&xtid=50890&loid=219690](https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?auth=CAS&url=https://fod.infobase.com/PortalPlaylists.aspx?wID=273866&xtid=50890&loid=219690)
PSY 3301, History and Systems of Psychology 4
UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title
psychological services in his Asian American family and community, and he has also been honored as an
important contributor to APA’s Division 45.
Hispanic American Martha Bernal was the first Latina to receive her psychology PhD in the United States in
1962 (Lawson et al., 2018). She has since contributed in the field of child psychology and to a greater
understanding of multiculturalism. Native American Carolyn Attneave has made important connections
between her multidisciplinary approach to psychology and to her native culture. Some of her focus has been
on family and community healing.
Conclusion
Once again, it would not be possible to capture all of the contributions made by those who have come before,
but we can see now through multiple examples that underrepresented voices have had much to say
concerning psychology over the years. Perhaps you identify as a woman or ethnic minority; if so, perhaps
your name will one day be noted in history courses of the future!
References
Arkesteijn, J. (2016). Maria Montessori [Photograph]. Wikimedia Commons.
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maria_Montessori_(portrait).jpg
Byeznhpyxeuztibuo. (2016). Lillien Jane Martin [Photograph]. Wikimedia Commons.
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lillien_Jane_Martin_(1851-1943)_(12483401105).jpg
History Nebraska. (n.d.). RG2411-2463-1: Portrait of Leta Stetter Hollingworth [Photograh]. History Nebraska.
https://nebraskahistory.pastperfectonline.com/photo/B7BF34ED-776D-48FF-96F7-849266441078
Lawson, R. B., Anderson, E. D., & Cepeda-Benito, A. (2018). A history of psychology: Globalization, ideas,
and applications (2nd ed.). Routledge.
Vers75. (2019). Christine Ladd-Franklin [Photograph]. Wikimedia Commons.
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Christine_Ladd-Franklin_vers_1909.jpg
Suggested Unit Resources
The Films on Demand database in your online library has some fascinating content on Hildegard von Bingen.
Plug in her name, and see what you find.
– Course Learning Outcomes for Unit VI
– Required Unit Resources
– Unit Lesson
– Introduction
– Women in Psychology
– Hildegard von Bingen
– Dorothea Dix
– Mary Whiton Calkins
– Margaret Floy Washburn
– Ethnic Minorities in Psychology
– Kenneth B. Clark
– Francis Sumner
– Asian, Hispanic, and Native American Voices
– Conclusion
– References
– Suggested Unit Resources
**## UnitVIAssignment.docx**
Unit VI Assignment
This promotional podcast measures your mastery of ULOs 1.1, 1.2.
You are a famous podcast creator and always on the lookout for intriguing stories to share. Choose one of the famous psychological influencers you read about in this unit and share their story with your listeners in a 2- to 3-minute podcast. Be sure to highlight all of their contributions as well as whatever barriers they faced working in this field.
Your podcast can be in an interview, solo, co-hosted, or narrative format.
You may upload your 2- to 3-minute audio or video podcast recording to Blackboard. Blackboard supports .mp3, .mp4, .mov, .avi, .mpe, .mpeg, .asf., .aiff, and .au.
Be sure to view the Podcast Rubric before recording your podcast.
**Resources**
The following resource(s) may help you with this assignment.
·
[Submit Writing Center Request](https://mycsu.columbiasouthern.edu/student/forms/courses/writing-center-request)
**## UnitVI.pdf**
PSY 3301, History and Systems of Psychology 1
Course Learning Outcomes for Unit VI
Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:
1. Explain the diversity of contributions to the contemporary fields of psychology.
1.1 Identify the contributions of women and minorities to the field of psychology.
1.2 Discuss the barriers women and minorities faced within the field of psychology.
Required Unit Resources
Chapter 14: Women in the History of Psychology
Chapter 15: Ethnic Diversity in American Psychology
Unit Lesson
Introduction
In this unit, you will meet a few individuals who made valuable contributions for the greater good of both
psychology and society.
Women in Psychology
As with each of the concepts and theorists before, it would be impossible to sum up the contribution of women
scholars in one unit lesson. As such, we will highlight several key contributors, and you will have the
opportunity during your unit assignment to dig even deeper. Interestingly enough, if you fast forward to the
present, you will find more women in psychology than men. First, though, we should take our discussion back
to the past, beginning in medieval Germany.
Hildegard von Bingen
Here, we meet a sort of Renaissance woman (several hundred years before the Renaissance) who wrote
extensively on religion (she was a nun), the natural sciences, and music. Her work involved the nature of both
physical and mental disease long before an established science was created for either (Lawson et al., 2018).
Catholics may know her as Saint Hildegard of Bingen.
Dorothea Dix
Dix earned her place in history as both a teacher and as an advocate for the mentally ill (Lawson et al., 2018).
She began teaching well-to-do young women in the early 1800s and then expanded her work to teach the
poor. Remember from prior units that this was historically a bit revolutionary because it was not completely
accepted that all people had the capacity for education. Dix worked with inmates at a women’s prison in
Massachusetts where she became very aware of the abuses experienced by the mentally ill. At a time when
those suffering from psychopathologies were cast aside, Dix recognized that the mentally ill deserved
humane treatment. She went on a tour to observe the abuses at various institutions and made such a point of
her findings that changes were filed in the United States, in Europe, and as far away as Japan in the 1850s.
Mary Whiton Calkins
Calkins is known almost as much for what she did not do as for what she did (which was a lot). What Calkins
never received was a doctorate in psychology from Harvard University at the end of the 19th century. She sat
UNIT VI STUDY GUIDE
Women and Ethnic
Minorities in Psychology
PSY 3301, History and Systems of Psychology 2
UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title
through lectures, taught other women in her own right, and unanimously passed the doctor of philosophy
(PhD) examination board, but Harvard did not award degrees to women at the time. Calkins endured,
however; as previously noted, she was a skilled instructor. She also wrote a couple of psychology textbooks,
contributed experimentally to the new field of scientific psychology, and she worked to reconcile the feuding
structuralists and functionalists of her time. In her lifetime, Calkins was also elected president of the American
Psychological Association (APA) and of the American Philosophical Association (Lawson et al., 2018).
Margaret Floy Washburn
Much like Calkins, Margaret Washburn was allowed to sit in on graduate classes unofficially, though she did
eventually move to a graduate school that would award her a PhD in psychology—the first for a woman—in
1894. Her professional work contributed to comparative psychology and behaviorism. She would have fallen
into our S-O-R (stimulus, organism, response) camp because she left some room for consciousness, going
against the beliefs of her contemporary John B. Watson. Washburn eventually led the APA in 1921 and even
the Experimentalists group of E.B. Titchener, which was previously only available for men (Lawson et al.,
2018).
Karen Horney countered the standard psychoanalytic view of what it meant to be female, Nancy Russo
addressed the notion of natal sex versus gender roles, Evelyn Hooker demonstrated that homosexuality was
(Arkesteijn, 2016; Byeznhpyxeuztibuo, 2016; History Nebraska, n.d.; Vers75, 2019)
PSY 3301, History and Systems of Psychology 3
UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
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not an illness, and Mamie Phipps Clark studied segregation alongside her husband, Kenneth Clark, whom we
will address again shortly. These are only some highlights from your textbook (Lawson et al., 2018).
Ethnic Minorities in Psychology
As previously discussed, the history of Western psychology has largely been the domain of older white men.
Thankfully, many pioneering women helped to change this over the past century, and this can be seen as a
parallel path for ethnic minorities. Acknowledging the many incidences of racism in our field is a part of the
history we must accept and grow from.
The APA itself underwent growth during the latter half of the 20th century in reaction to the horrors of racism
seen by the world during World War II and the social movements of the 1960s. Division 45 is the specific
branch of the APA that addresses ethnic minority issues in detail (Lawson et al., 2018). An African American
psychologist named Dalmas Taylor was instrumental in some of these developments.
Imagine being a promising African American student during the first part of the 20th century with a passion for
psychology. Imagine further that very few colleges open to you had adequate funding, and most were limited
to undergraduate work. You might be able to apply and get into a few white graduate programs, but then you
might not be allowed to live on campus. If you graduated with your degree in psychology, jobs for people of
your ethnic background were hard to come by. If you did land a job in your chosen field, you might be
underpaid compared to your white counterparts, and the resources available to do your work were likely to be
subpar (Lawson et al., 2018). Who would put up with such a setup? Let’s meet a few brave souls!
Kenneth B. Clark
Dr. Clark received his PhD in psychology in 1940 and taught at various prestigious colleges across the
country (Lawson et al., 2018). His work directly contributed to the Brown vs. Board of Education case of 1954
regarding school segregation, and he went on to demonstrate that prejudice was a learned behavior—not a
biological certainty in humanity. You may remember from earlier that his wife, Mamie Phipps Clark, was his
research partner; take a look at a recreation of their famous “Doll Studies” in the troubling "Doll Test" video
segment. The transcript for this video can be found by clicking on “Transcript” in the gray bar to the right of
the video in the Films on Demand database.
Kenneth Clark would go on to become the first African American president of the APA (Lawson et al., 2018).
Francis Sumner
Dr. Sumner is sometimes called the “Father of Black American Psychologists” for his early involvement in the
field; in fact, he was the first African American to earn a PhD in psychology all the way back in 1920 after
having been drafted to serve in World War I (Lawson et al., 2018). He was actually a professor to Dr. Kenneth
Clark, and his professional career in psychology examined topics such as race and religion.
Asian, Hispanic, and Native American Voices
Asian Americans have also been historically underrepresented in the field of psychology, and an organization
of Asian psychologists was actually formed in San Francisco in the 1970s to bring issues of this nature to light
(Lawson et al., 2018). Dr. Stanley Sue was a key figure in recognizing the unfamiliarity and underutilization of
[https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?auth=CAS&url=https://fod.infobase.com/PortalPlaylists.aspx?wID=273866&xtid=50890&loid=219690](https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?auth=CAS&url=https://fod.infobase.com/PortalPlaylists.aspx?wID=273866&xtid=50890&loid=219690)
[https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?auth=CAS&url=https://fod.infobase.com/PortalPlaylists.aspx?wID=273866&xtid=50890&loid=219690](https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?auth=CAS&url=https://fod.infobase.com/PortalPlaylists.aspx?wID=273866&xtid=50890&loid=219690)
PSY 3301, History and Systems of Psychology 4
UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title
psychological services in his Asian American family and community, and he has also been honored as an
important contributor to APA’s Division 45.
Hispanic American Martha Bernal was the first Latina to receive her psychology PhD in the United States in
1962 (Lawson et al., 2018). She has since contributed in the field of child psychology and to a greater
understanding of multiculturalism. Native American Carolyn Attneave has made important connections
between her multidisciplinary approach to psychology and to her native culture. Some of her focus has been
on family and community healing.
Conclusion
Once again, it would not be possible to capture all of the contributions made by those who have come before,
but we can see now through multiple examples that underrepresented voices have had much to say
concerning psychology over the years. Perhaps you identify as a woman or ethnic minority; if so, perhaps
your name will one day be noted in history courses of the future!
References
Arkesteijn, J. (2016). Maria Montessori [Photograph]. Wikimedia Commons.
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maria_Montessori_(portrait).jpg
Byeznhpyxeuztibuo. (2016). Lillien Jane Martin [Photograph]. Wikimedia Commons.
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lillien_Jane_Martin_(1851-1943)_(12483401105).jpg
History Nebraska. (n.d.). RG2411-2463-1: Portrait of Leta Stetter Hollingworth [Photograh]. History Nebraska.
https://nebraskahistory.pastperfectonline.com/photo/B7BF34ED-776D-48FF-96F7-849266441078
Lawson, R. B., Anderson, E. D., & Cepeda-Benito, A. (2018). A history of psychology: Globalization, ideas,
and applications (2nd ed.). Routledge.
Vers75. (2019). Christine Ladd-Franklin [Photograph]. Wikimedia Commons.
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Christine_Ladd-Franklin_vers_1909.jpg
Suggested Unit Resources
The Films on Demand database in your online library has some fascinating content on Hildegard von Bingen.
Plug in her name, and see what you find.
– Course Learning Outcomes for Unit VI
– Required Unit Resources
– Unit Lesson
– Introduction
– Women in Psychology
– Hildegard von Bingen
– Dorothea Dix
– Mary Whiton Calkins
– Margaret Floy Washburn
– Ethnic Minorities in Psychology
– Kenneth B. Clark
– Francis Sumner
– Asian, Hispanic, and Native American Voices
– Conclusion
– References
– Suggested Unit Resources
**files (1)** – ## psychandcivilrights.docx **## psychandcivilrights.docx** **There are 4 assignments** **Assignment 1 (Pe)** Developmental psychology emphasizes the interaction between **genetic factors (nature)** and **environmental influences (nurture)** in shaping human growth. For this week’s d…
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– ## psychandcivilrights.docx
**## psychandcivilrights.docx**
**There are 4 assignments**
**Assignment 1 (Pe)**
Developmental psychology emphasizes the interaction between
**genetic factors (nature)** and
**environmental influences (nurture)** in shaping human growth. For this week’s discussion, reflect on how both genetics and environment contribute to a person’s physical, cognitive, emotional, or social development.
Write at least
**300 word** well developed and well written response. Use APA formatting guide to create accurate citations and documentation to give credit for any resource material used in your response. You must follow the guidelines to receive full credit for discussion boards. If you do not post, it will count as a 0. No additional postings after the deadline with be accepted.
**Assignment 2 (V)**
Discuss the importance of the Supreme Court decision in McCulloch v. Maryland in 400 words.
**Assignment 3 (V)**
Discuss the constitutional roles of the president. In your opinion, which of these roles is the most important and why? 300 words
**Assignment 4 (V)**
Write about the Dred Scott vs Sanford Decision of 1857 and describe why African Americans were not deemed US citizens in 450 words.
**## psychandcivilrights.docx**
**There are 4 assignments**
**Assignment 1 (Pe)**
Developmental psychology emphasizes the interaction between
**genetic factors (nature)** and
**environmental influences (nurture)** in shaping human growth. For this week’s discussion, reflect on how both genetics and environment contribute to a person’s physical, cognitive, emotional, or social development.
Write at least
**300 word** well developed and well written response. Use APA formatting guide to create accurate citations and documentation to give credit for any resource material used in your response. You must follow the guidelines to receive full credit for discussion boards. If you do not post, it will count as a 0. No additional postings after the deadline with be accepted.
**Assignment 2 (V)**
Discuss the importance of the Supreme Court decision in McCulloch v. Maryland in 400 words.
**Assignment 3 (V)**
Discuss the constitutional roles of the president. In your opinion, which of these roles is the most important and why? 300 words
**Assignment 4 (V)**
Write about the Dred Scott vs Sanford Decision of 1857 and describe why African Americans were not deemed US citizens in 450 words.
DISCUSSION 1 (TWO PARAGRAPH) In this discussion, we will explore ethical therapeutic interventions and how research data informs best practices in therapy. When you describe ideas that are not your own, be sure to paraphrase and not use direct quotations. Address the following in your initial post: …
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Order on TutorsGallery →DISCUSSION 1 (TWO PARAGRAPH)
In this discussion, we will explore ethical therapeutic interventions and how research data informs best practices in therapy. When you describe ideas that are not your own, be sure to paraphrase and not use direct quotations.
Address the following in your initial post:
Why is it ethical to use interventions grounded in research?
How does the ethics code impact the care that clients receive?
DISCUSSION 2 (TWO PARAGRAPH)
In this discussion, we will explore counseling for diverse populations through a multicultural lens. When you describe ideas that are not your own, be sure to paraphrase and not use direct quotations.
**Address the following in your initial post:**
– Why is it important to use a multicultural lens when working with people from diverse backgrounds?
– What are some ethical considerations when working with diverse populations?
The counseling theories you have studied so far in this course are widely used in the field today. However, applying the relevant methods in practice involves more than just understanding the key themes of the theories. It is imperative to uphold the standards set by the APA’s ethics codes, to use e…
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Order on TutorsGallery →The counseling theories you have studied so far in this course are widely used in the field today. However, applying the relevant methods in practice involves more than just understanding the key themes of the theories. It is imperative to uphold the standards set by the APA’s ethics codes, to use evidence-based research practices, and to differentiate between traditional and nontraditional methods to provide quality treatment. These factors are key for delivering the best care to each client, and your task in this assignment is to compare and contrast these elements between different counseling theories and their therapeutic approaches.
## Directions
Begin your work by reviewing each of the following therapeutic approaches and consider the counseling theory that best aligns with each approach:
– Psychoanalytic therapy
– Person-centered therapy
– Cognitive behavior therapy
– Interpersonal therapy
Then, **select two of the approaches** and write a short paper that summarizes the similarities and differences between them.
Specifically, you must address the following rubric criteria:
1. **Therapy Selection:** Identify two of the included therapies by briefly describing their key components.
2. **Traditional Versus Nontraditional:** Describe whether each of the two selected therapies are traditional or nontraditional. Support with examples from the course resources.
3. **Similarities:** Explain the ways in which the two selected therapies are similar. Support with examples from the course resources.
4. **Differences:** Explain the ways in which the two selected therapies are different. Support with examples from the course resources.
## What to Submit
Submit your short paper as a 3- to 4-page Microsoft Word document with double spacing, 12-point Times New Roman font, and one-inch margins.
– a month ago
In-depth study guidance and analytical solution covering Psychology homework.
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**Part 3: Final Group Proposal** Write a 1,500-2,000-word proposal explaining the foundation of your chosen group. Using your textbook and four or more scholarly sources, address the following: 1.Identify topic and list three measurable goals. 2.Identify modality, if your group is open or closed, an…
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Order on TutorsGallery →**Part 3: Final Group Proposal**
Write a 1,500-2,000-word proposal explaining the foundation of your chosen group. Using your textbook and four or more scholarly sources, address the following:
1.Identify topic and list three measurable goals.
2.Identify modality, if your group is open or closed, and time parameters.
3.Explanation of appropriate and inappropriate populations including an explanation of why.
4.Analyze two to three cultural considerations and how to evaluate and connect with group members.
5.Outline of group leader's role and responsibilities including desired facilitation approach.